School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children (2010)

Chapter: Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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Appendix O
Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children

LIST OF TABLES

  • Table O-1 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets with Existing Nutrition Standards for the School Meals Program

  • Table O-2 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets for the School Breakfast Program and the National School Lunch Program with Values Based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances or Adequate Intake, Elementary School (Ages 5–10 Years)

  • Table O-3 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets for the School Breakfast Program and the National School Lunch Program with Values Based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances or Adequate Intake, Middle School (Ages 11–13 Years)1

1

The table showing the comparison of the recommended Nutrient Targets for the School Breakfast Program and National School Lunch Program with values based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances or Adequate Intake for high school students can be found in Chapter 7, Table 7-2.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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TABLE O-1 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets with Existing Nutrition Standards for the School Meal Programs

 

Elementary Breakfast

Middle School Breakfast

High School Breakfast

 

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsa*

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsa*

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsa*

Calories (kcal)

350–500

554

400–550

554

450–600

554

Cholesterol (mg)

< 65

—

< 65

—

< 65

—

Total Fat (% of calories)

25–35

≤ 30%

25–35

≤ 30%

25–35

≤ 30%

Sat. Fat (% of calories)

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

trans fat

0

—

0

—

0

—

Linoleic Acid (g)

2.2

—

2.5

—

3.0

—

α-Linolenic Acid (g)

0.21

—

0.25

—

0.3

—

Protein (g)

10.2

10

21.6

10.0

21.8

10.0

Vitamin A (μg RAE)

129

197

162

197

186

197

Vitamin C (mg)

16

13

20

13

26

13

Vitamin E (mg αT)

2.0

—

2.7

—

3.7

—

Thiamin (mg)

0.2

—

0.3

—

0.4

—

Riboflavin (mg)

0.31

—

0.41

—

0.45

—

Niacin (mg)

3.2

—

4.0

—

4.9

—

Vitamin B6 (mg)

0.3

—

0.4

—

0.4

—

Folate (μg DFE)

91

—

114

—

138

—

Vitamin B12 (μg)

0.8

—

0.9

—

1.1

—

Iron (mg)

2.3

3.0

3.5

3.0

4.0

3.0

Magnesium (mg)

49

—

66

—

99

—

Zinc (mg)

2.0

—

2.5

—

2.9

—

Calcium (mg)

223

257

296

257

323

257

Phosphorus (mg)

242

—

362

—

384

—

Potassium (mg)

909

—

1,023

—

1,169

—

Sodium (mg)

≤ 434

—

≤ 473

—

≤ 495

—

Fiber (g)

5.7

—

6.2

—

7.2

—

NOTES: — = none; αT = α-tocopherol; DFE = dietary folate equivalent; g = gram; kcal = calories; mg = milligram; RAE = retinol activity equivalent; Stds = standards; μg = microgram.

aBased on food-based menu planning approach, option for kindergarten through grade 12.

bBased on food-based menu planning approach, option for kindergarten through grade 3.

cBased on food-based menu planning approach, option for grades 4–12.

dBased on food-based menu planning approach, option for grades 7–12.

SOURCES:

*Derived from USDA/FNS, 2000a, 2008e.
Page 369 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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Elementary Breakfast

Middle School Breakfast

High School Breakfast

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsb*

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsc*

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsd*

550–650

633

600–700

785

750–850

825

< 96

—

< 96

—

< 96

—

25–35

≤ 30%

25–35

≤ 30%

25–35

≤ 30%

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

0

—

0

—

0

—

3.3

—

3.6

—

4.5

—

0.31

—

0.36

—

0.45

—

15.2

9.0

32.2

15.0

32.5

16.0

192

200

241

285

277

300

24

15

30

17

39

18

3.0

—

4.0

—

5.4

—

0.4

—

0.5

—

0.6

—

0.46

—

0.61

—

0.67

—

4.7

—

6.0

—

7.3

—

0.4

—

0.5

—

0.6

—

136

—

169

—

205

—

1.2

—

1.3

—

1.6

—

3.4

3.3

5.2

4.2

5.9

4.5

72

—

98

—

147

—

2.9

—

3.7

—

4.3

—

332

267

440

370

481

400

361

—

538

—

572

—

1,353

—

1,523

—

1,740

—

≤ 636

—

≤ 704

—

≤ 736

—

8.5

—

9.3

—

10.7

—
Page 370 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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TABLE O-2 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets for the School Breakfast Program and the National School Lunch Program with Values Based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) or Adequate Intake (AI), Elementary School (Ages 5–10 Years)

Nutrient

SM-TMI

Current RDA/AI*

Breakfast Targetsa

Lunch Targetsb

Nutrient Targets

RDA/AI Method

Nutrient Targets

RDA/AI Method

Protein (g)

47.4

25

10.2

6.3

15.2

8.3

Vitamin A (μg RAE)c

601

480

129

120

192

160

Vitamin C (mg)c

74

33

16

8.3

24

11

Vitamin E (mg αT)

9.3

8.6

2.0

2.2

3.0

2.9

Thiamin (mg)c

1.16

0.7

0.25

0.18

0.37

0.24

Riboflavin (mg)c

1.45

0.7

0.31

0.18

0.46

0.24

Niacin (mg)c

14.7

9.6

3.2

2.4

4.7

3.2

Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.24

0.8

0.27

0.19

0.40

0.25

Folate (μg DFE)

425

240

91

60

136

80

Vitamin B12 (μg)

3.7

1.4

0.8

0.4

1.2

0.5

Iron (mg)c

10.5

9.2

2.3

2.3

3.4

3.1

Magnesium (mg)c

226

174

49

44

72

58

Zinc (mg)c

9.1

6.2

2.0

1.6

2.9

2.1

Calcium (mg)

1,037

1,000

223

250

332

333

Phosphorus (mg)

1,127

800

242

200

361

266

Potassium (mg)

4,229

4,080

909

1,020

1,353

1,359

Sodium (mg)

2,020d

1,320

≤ 434d

330e

≤ 636d

440e

Linoleic Acid (g)

10.4

10.4

2.2

2.6

3.3

3.5

α-Linolenic Acid (g)

0.97

1.0

0.21

0.25

0.31

0.33

Fiber (g)c

26.5

26.4

5.7

6.6

8.5

8.8

NOTES: AIs are presented in italics. RDA/AI values are expressed as a weighted average of the 4–8- and 9–10-year-old groups. αT = α-tocopherol; DFE = dietary folate equivalent; g = gram; kg = kilogram; mg = milligram; RAE = retinol activity equivalent; RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance; SM-TMI = School Meal-Target Median Intake; μg = microgram; y = years.

aNutrient Targets based on 21.5 percent of the School Meal-TMI; RDA/AI Method values are based on 25 percent of the RDA or AI.

bNutrient Targets based on 32 percent of the School Meal-TMI; RDA/AI Method values are based on 33.3 percent of the RDA or AI.

cRDA/AI expressed as mean for males and females.

dTargets for sodium, which are based on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level, are for the year 2020.

eValues for sodium are based on the AI for sodium.

SOURCE:

*IOM, 2006.
Page 371 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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TABLE O-3 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets for the School Breakfast Program and the National School Lunch Program with Values Based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) or Adequate Intake (AI), Middle School (Ages 11–13 Years)

Nutrient

SM-TMI

Current RDA/AI*

Breakfast Targetsa

Lunch Targetsb

Nutrient Targets

RDA/AI Method

Nutrient Targets

RDA/AI Method

Protein (g)

100.6

34

21.6

8.5

32.2

11.3

Vitamin A (μg RAE)c

753

600

162

150

241

200

Vitamin C (mg)c

93

45

20

11

30

15

Vitamin E (mg αT)

12.5

11.0

2.7

2.8

4.0

3.7

Thiamin (mg)c

1.48

0.9

0.32

0.23

0.47

0.30

Riboflavin (mg)c

1.9

0.9

0.41

0.23

0.61

0.30

Niacin (mg)c

18.8

12.0

4.0

3.0

6.0

4.0

Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.69

1.0

0.36

0.25

0.54

0.33

Folate (μg DFE)

528

300

114

75

169

100

Vitamin B12 (μg)

4.2

1.8

0.90

0.5

1.34

0.6

Iron (mg)c

16.4

8.0

3.5

2.0

5.2

2.7

Magnesium (mg)c

306

240

66

60

98

80

Zinc (mg)c

11.6

8.0

2.5

2.0

3.7

2.7

Calcium (mg)

1,375

1,300

296

325

440

433

Phosphorus (mg)

1,682

1,250

362

313

538

416

Potassium (mg)

4,760

4,500

1,023

1,125

1,523

1,499

Sodium (mg)

2,200d

1,500

≤ 473d

375e

≤ 704d

500e

Linoleic Acid (g)

11.4

11.0

2.5

2.8

3.6

3.7

α-Linolenic Acid (g)

1.14

1.1

0.25

0.28

0.36

0.37

Fiber (g)c

29.0

28.5

6.2

7.1

9.3

9.5

NOTES: AIs are presented in italics. αT = α-tocopherol; DFE = dietary folate equivalent; g = gram; kg = kilogram; mg = milligram; RAE = retinol activity equivalent; RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance; SM-TMI = School Meal-Target Median Intake; μg = microgram; y = years.

aNutrient Targets based on 21.5 percent of the School Meal-TMI; RDA/AI Method values are based on 25 percent of the RDA or AI.

bNutrient Targets based on 32 percent of the School Meal-TMI; RDA/AI Method values are based on 33.3 percent of the RDA or AI.

cRDA/AI expressed as mean for males and females.

dTargets for sodium, which are based on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level, are for the year 2020.

eValues for sodium are based on the AI for sodium.

SOURCE:

*IOM, 2006.
Page 372 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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Page 368 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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Page 369 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
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Next Chapter: Appendix P: Comparison of *Dietary Guidelines for Americans* with Recommended Meal Requirements
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