Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration (2010)
Chapter: Appendix F: Food Safety Research at Intramural and Extramural U.S. Food and Drug Administration Research Centers, by Topic
Appendix F
Food Safety Research at Intramural and Extramural U.S. Food and Drug Administration Research Centers, by Topic
TABLE F-1 Intramural Research Centers
Topic | Project |
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) | |
Additives | Development of Methodology to Detect and Quantitate Intermediates and Unsulfonated Impurities in Certifiable Color Additives |
| Use of Migration Models for Indirect Food Additive Approval |
Allergens | Approaches to Establish Thresholds for Major Food Allergens and for Gluten in Food |
| The Detection of Food Allergens Using Rapid Immunology– Based Detection Devices |
| Direct Detection, Confirmation, and Measurement of Allergens in Food Matrices |
| Effects of Cleaning on Removal of Allergenic Foods from Food-Contact Surfaces |
| Food Allergen Research |
| Prevalence of Self-Reported Food Allergy in American Adults and Use of Food Labels |
Filth and Spoilage | Assessment of Seafood Decomposition with Electronic Sensors |
| Evaluation of the 2-Day Hydrophobic Grid Membrane Filter, Simplate Yeast and Mold Color Indicator, and Petrifilm Dry Dehydratable Film Methods for the Enumeration of Fungi from Foods |
| Filth and Extraneous Materials in Foods |
Topic | Project |
Food Defense: Control | Chemical and Thermal Inactivation of Ricin |
Thermal Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Using Scanning Differential Calorimetry | |
Food Defense: Detection | Counter Terrorism for Proteinaceous Toxins: Ricin, Clostridium botulinum, and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B |
Detection of Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxins in Foods | |
The Detection of Proteinaceous Toxins and Biomarkers of Select Agents Using Multianalyte (Multiplex) and Agent Specific Technologies | |
Determination of the Characteristics in Foods of Bacillus anthracis in Comparison to Other Bacillus Species | |
Development of Rapid, Multiplexed Methods for Detection and Confirmation of Protein Toxins and Allergens in Food Using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization and Electrospray Mass Spectrometry | |
Isolation and Identification of Non-Traditional Pathogens from Food | |
Foodborne Pathogens: Detection, General | Alternative Molecular Subtyping Methods for Microbial Foodborne Pathogens |
The Application of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Microarray Technology in Bacterial Identification Using Different Food Matrices and the Detection of DNA Hybridization Constructs Using Infrared Spectroscopy | |
The Application of Interferometric Biosensor Technology to the Analysis of Food Matrices for Multiple Bacterial and Viral Pathogens, Allergens, and Toxins | |
Characterization of the Zinc-Containing Metalloprotease Encoded by zpx and Development of a Species-Specific Detection Method for Enterobacter sakazakii | |
Development and Validation of Methods for Species Identification of Potentially Hazardous Fish Species Based on DNA Bar-Coding | |
Development of Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Protein Profiling as a Tool for Bacterial Differentiation | |
Diagnostic Methodology for Foodborne Illness (Bacteria and Virus) | |
Evaluation of Bioluminex Test Methods and Application to the Analysis of Foods | |
Evaluation of Direct Analysis in Real Time Ionization and Application to the Analysis of Foods and Food Contact Substances | |
Infrared Detection of Label-Free DNA Hybridization on a Microarray Platform for Use in the Identification of Virulence Genes in Foodborne Microorganisms | |
Molecular Applications for Identifying Microbial Pathogens in the Post-9/11 Era |
Topic | Project |
| Prevalence of Pathogens in Imported Product |
Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) of Microbial Foodborne Pathogens | |
Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection of Foodborne Pathogens and Toxins | |
Use of Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for Identification and Classification of Foodborne Bacteria and Spores | |
Foodborne Pathogens: Emerging Pathogens | Genomic Analysis of Cyclopsora cayetenensis and Cryptosporidium spp: Methods Development for Viability and Molecular Epidemiological Applications |
Identification and Analyses of Invasion Gene Targets for Use as Diagnostic Probes to Detect Virulent Enterobacter sakazakii | |
Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens and the Development of Virulence Factor | |
Foodborne Pathogens: Foodborne Viruses | Effects of Food Processing on Viruses in Foods |
Microarray Based Identification of Foodborne Viruses | |
Viral Survival During Produce Processing and Storage: Determined by Cellar Infectivity and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | |
Foodborne Pathogens: Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens (E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersina) | Development of a Method to Enrich and Detect Salmonella enteritidis in Whole Eggs |
Ecology and Control of Salmonella Newport on Tomatoes | |
Genetic and Phenotypic Differentiation of Salmonella enteritidis Strains Derived from Poultry | |
Genetic Factors Regulating Salmonella Stress Response | |
Identification of Shigella Species by GC-MS/MS and Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time of Flight | |
Modification of Shigella Isolation and Detection Methods | |
Molecular Characterization of Atypical Strains of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli | |
Molecular Evolution of Enteric Pathogens | |
Recurrent Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Newport Associated with Tomatoes from Contaminated Fields | |
A Systems Approach to Minimize E. coli O157:H7 Food Safety Hazards Associated with Fresh and Fresh-Cut Leafy Greens | |
Thermal Resistance of Yersinia Species in Milk and Other Liquids Related to Food Composition | |
Foodborne Pathogens: L. monocytogenes | Comparative Genomic Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes for Survival in Food Processing Environments |
Effect of Solids Levels on the Thermal Resistance of Listeria Species |
Topic | Project |
| Efficacy of Mitigation Techniques Against Listeria monocytogenes on Seafood and Seafood Processing Surfaces |
Growth Modeling and Assessment of Technologies for Pathogen Reduction or Elimination of Listeria monocytogenes | |
Identification and Characterization of Factors Associated with the Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes Involved in Human Gastroenteritis | |
Optimization and Validation of Real Time PCR Most Probable Number Enumeration of Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes | |
Foodborne Pathogens: Processing | Decontamination of Dry Ingredients |
Inactivation of Clostridium botulinum Spores Using High Pressure Processing | |
Post-Harvest Practices to Enhance the Safety of Fresh Tomatoes | |
Validation of Microwave Pasteurization of Multiple Shell Eggs | |
Foodborne Pathogens: Risk Assessment | Development of a Risk-Ranking Framework to Evaluate Potential High-Threat Microorganisms, Toxins, and Chemicals in Food |
Development of Bacterial Pathogenesis Models Using Ceanorhabditis elegans as Host Organism to Study Bacterial Virulence and Host Defense Factors | |
Framework for Establishing Extended Shelf-Life Processes Using the Food Safety Objective Approach | |
Joint U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/Health Canada Public Health Risk Assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in Cheese | |
Risk Assessment for the Public Health Impact of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Poultry Meat, Shell Eggs, and Egg Products | |
Risk Assessment to Determine Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease in Infected Cervids as a Human Health Risk | |
Foodborne Pathogens: Seafood Toxins | Biomarkers of Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning |
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning | |
Detection Methods for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins | |
Development of Conjugates of Saxitoxins for the Production of Antibodies | |
An Intervention Analysis for the Reduction of Exposure to Methylmercury from the Consumption of Seafood by Women of Child-Bearing Age | |
Mussel-Associated Azaspiracid Intoxication in the United States | |
Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning | |
Non-Traditional Vectors for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning |
Topic | Project |
| Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning: Link Between Surface Algal Blooms and Deep Water Shellfish Toxicity in Federal Waters |
Foodborne Pathogens: Surveys | Indicator Microorganisms and Viruses in Shellfish in Harvest Waters |
Microbiological Survey of Raw Oysters Collected at Retail Across the United States | |
Survey of U.S. Raw Milk Supply for Pathogens | |
Toxicology: Detection | Analysis of Total Mercury in Foods by Compton Suppression Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis |
Determination of the Thyroid-Interactive Anions Iodide, Perchlorate, and Thiocyanate in Food | |
Development of Tuna Reference Material for Toxic Elements | |
Impact of Processing on Detection of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid | |
Methodology for Determination of Volatile Contaminants in Foods | |
Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Pesticides and Persistent Organic Pollutants in Foods | |
Validating the Predictive Performance of Caenorhabditis elegans as an Animal Model for Toxicity Testing | |
Toxicology: Mechanisms | Cellular and Cytokine Biomarkers for Infectious and Inflammatory Models |
Denaturation/Renaturation Kinetics of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin in Acidic Foods | |
Evaluation of the Mass Transfer Properties of Perfluoro Chemicals from Paper Food Packaging | |
Hepatotoxicity—Role of Gender, Species and Inflammation on In Vitro and In Vivo Biomarkers of Liver Toxicity | |
Interaction of Combined Exposure to the Microbial Toxin Lipopolysaccharide (and Deficient or Graded Dietary Vitamin D Level | |
Toxicology: Monitoring | Acrylamide Testing at CFSAN: Exploratory Survey Results |
Aquaculture Drugs and Chemicals | |
FDA Toxicity Databases and Real-Time Data Entry | |
FDA’s Total Diet Study: Dietary Intake of Perchlorate and Iodine | |
Health Care Provider Survey—re the Methylmercury Advisory |
Topic | Project |
Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) | |
Animal Feed Safety | Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Native Enterococcus faecium from Chickens Given Feed Containing Virginiamycin |
Detecting Animal Tissues in Feed and Feed Ingredients | |
Evaluation of Two Commercial Lateral-Flow Test Kits That Detect Animal Proteins in Finished Animal Feed | |
Validation of a PCR-Based Method for the Detection of Various Rendered Materials in Feedstuffs Using a Forensic DNA Extraction Kit | |
Compliance* | Develop Needed Enforcement Methods for Drug Residues |
Evaluate Screening Test Performance | |
Perform Method Trials to Determine Drug Residues from Unapproved Uses | |
Use Tissue-Fluid Correlations to Predict Drug Residue Levels in Edible Tissues from Food-Producing Animals | |
Premarket Drug Review: Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms | The Clonal Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Non-Typhi Salmonella Serotypes |
Determine Microbial Ecology of Antibiotic Resistance Development and Dissemination in the Food Animal Production Environment | |
Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Among Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis | |
Interrogate Salmonella Diversity Using a Novel 35 Genome Salmonella Species Microarray—A Critical Path Study | |
Use Molecular and Biochemical Methods to Determine the Animal Origin of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens | |
Premarket Drug Review: Microbiological Methods | Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Testing of Campylobacter jejuni and the Determination of Quality Control Ranges for 14 Antimicrobial Agents |
Conduct Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Animals and Retail Meats by Microarray Technology | |
Develop Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods and Interpretive Criteria for Aquatic Animal Microflora | |
Develop Standardized In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods for Bacterial Pathogens | |
Salmonella Resistant to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins: Prevalence and Epidemiology | |
Topic | Project |
Postmarket Approval and Monitoring: Analysis of Survey Data | Characterize Antimicrobial Resistance Among Bacteria Isolated from Retail Meats |
Characterize Antimicrobial Resistance Among Historical Isolates of Foodborne Pathogens | |
Characterize Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms of Animal Bacterial Pathogens | |
Determine the Prevalence of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Recovered from National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) Retail Meats | |
DNA Fingerprinting of Foodborne Pathogens by PFGE (in conjunction with PulseNet) | |
Genotyping of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Humans and Retail Meats Using Multilocus Sequence Typing and PFGE | |
Molecular Serotyping of Salmonella spp by Using the Luminex Multianalyte Profiling (xMAP) Technology | |
Survey Susceptibility of Foodborne Pathogens from Humans, Food, and Animals in Mexico | |
Use of Tissue-Fluid Correlations to Estimate Gentamicin Residues in Kidney Tissue of Holstein Steers | |
Postmarket Approval and Monitoring: Survey Programs | Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) Participation in the NARMS Program |
CVM Participation in PulseNet | |
Targeted Surveys as Needed | |
Veterinary Drug Residues | |
National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) | |
Antimicrobial Resistance | Antimicrobial Resistance Genetics of “Emerging” Salmonella enterica Serovar Javiana Phenotypes Involved in Clinical and Food-Related Outbreaks |
Beta-Lactamase Resistance in enterococci | |
Heteroresistance to Vancomycin and Novel Point Mutations in Tn1546 of Enterococcus faecium ATCC 51559 | |
Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus spp from Poultry and Dairy Farms: Detection of Virulence and Vancomycin Resistance Gene Markers by PCR | |
Substitutions of Amino Acids in Alpha-Helix-4 of Gyrase A Confer Fluoroquinolone Resistance on Clostridium perfringens | |
Topic | Project |
Methods Development | Biostatistical Modeling for Food Protection Plan |
Development of Public Toxicogenomics Software for Microarray Data Management and Analysis | |
Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants | |
Genotoxic Effects of Acrylamide and Glycidamide in Mouse Lymphoma Cells | |
In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Genetic Diversity and Prevalence of Uridine Diphosphate-Glucose 4-Epimerase Gene in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni from Turkey Production Facilities | |
Innovative, Static, and Dynamic Chemical Sensors for Food Safety—Litmus Cooperative Research and Development Agreement | |
Integrating Time-Course Microarray Gene Expression Profiles with Cytotoxicity for Identification of Biomarkers in Primary Rat Hepatocytes Exposed to Cadmium | |
Isolation and Characterization of Tetracycline-Resistant Citrobacter spp from Catfish | |
Mold2, Molecular Descriptors from Two-Dimensional Structures for Chemoinformatics and Toxicoinformatics | |
Molecular Characterization of Salmonella spp and Vibrio spp Isolated from Seafood and Development of Microarray Detection Method | |
Molecular Typing Methodologies for Microbial Source Tracking and Epidemiological Investigations of Gram-Negative Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens | |
Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model for Acrylamide and Its Metabolites in Mice, Rats, and Humans | |
Rapid Bacterial Identification with Subspecies-Level Specificity | |
Real-Time PCR Assays for Ricin and Related Potential Bioterrorism Agents in Foods | |
The Survivability of Bacillus anthracis (Sterne Strain) in Processed Liquid Eggs | |
Other | Chemical Inactivation of Protein Toxins on Food Contact Surfaces |
Effect of Egg White Addition to Milk and Ground Beef on the Survival of Sterne Strain of Bacillus anthracis, Salmonella enterococci, and Staphylococci at Different Temperatures | |
Laboratory Studies in Melamine and Cyanuric Acid Biochemical Toxicology | |
Mechanistic Evaluation of the Induction of Lymphoproliferation and Apoptosis Inhibition by Probiotic Bacteria in Mice Infected with Salmonella enterica |
TABLE F-2 Extramural Research Centers
Topic | Project |
Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (University of Maryland) | |
Additives | Predicting Exposure Estimates: Experimental Food Additive Partitioning Studies and Model Development |
Filth and Spoilage | Moulds and Yeasts in Fruit Salads and Fruit Juices |
Food Defense: Control | Studying Nisin and Sublancin to Strategize Protection of U.S. Food Supply from Bioterrorism |
Foodborne Pathogens: General | Enzymatic Degradation of Prion Surrogate Proteins |
Plant-Derived Vaccines Against Diarrheal Diseases | |
Public Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Implementing Good Agricultural Practices in Tomato Farming | |
Foodborne Pathogens: Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens (Campylobacter, E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersina) | Campylobacter-Induced Interleukin-8 Secretion in Polarized Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Requires Campylobacter-Secreted Cytolethal Distending Toxin- and Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Activation of NF-B |
Detecting and Identifying Shigella in Foods | |
Reducing and Controlling Salmonella and E. coli in Crops | |
Role of Efflux Pumps and Topoisomerase Mutations in Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli | |
Foodborne Pathogens: Processing | Survival of Enterobacter sakazakii in a Dehydrated Powdered Infant Formula |
Risk-Based Research | Emotion Regarding a Food Crisis and Predicting Consumers’ Hesitancy to Eat the Food After the Crisis |
Evaluation of the ALERT (Assure, Look, Employees, Reports, Threat) Campaign | |
Impact on Audience Attitudes and Behaviors of Risk Messages about Act of Bioterrorism on U.S. Food Supply | |
Toxicology: Detection | Characterizing and Predicting Drug Residues in Fish |
National Center for Food Safety and Technolog (Illinois Institute of Technology) | |
Allergens | Cleaning and Other Control and Validation Strategies to Prevent Allergen Cross-Contact in Food-Processing Operations—A Review |
Purification, Crystallization, and Preliminary X-Ray Characterization of Amandin, A Major Allergen in Almonds (Prunus dulcis) | |
Topic | Project |
Filth and Spoilage | Factors Affecting Mycotoxin Production in Fruits |
Minimum Leak Size Determination, Under Laboratory and Commercial Conditions, for Bacterial Entry into Polymeric Trays Used for Shelf-Stable Food Packaging | |
Stability of Picrotoxin During Yogurt Manufacture and Storage | |
Food Defense: Detection | Detection and Decontamination Methods for Food Defense |
Foodborne Pathogens: Detection, General | Rapid Tests for Pathogenic Microbes in Food-Producing Animals |
Foodborne Pathogens: Foodborne Viruses | Inactivation of Hepatitis A Virus, Poliovirus and a Norovirus Surrogate by High-Pressure Processing |
Foodborne Pathogens: L. monocytogenes | Multi-Virulence-Locus Sequence Typing Identifies Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Which Differentiate Epidemic Clones and Outbreak Strains of Listeria monocytogenes |
Foodborne Pathogens: Processing | Modeling the Inactivation of Bacterial Spores |
New Kinetic Models for Inactivation of Bacterial Spores | |
Western Institute for Food Safety and Security (WIFSS, University of California, Davis) | |
Foodborne Pathogens: General | U.S. Food and Drug Administration Rapid Response Teams (to Enhance, Complement, Develop, and Improve State Manufactured Food Protection Regulatory and Surveillance Programs) |
Food Safety Risks and Mitigation Strategies for Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) Near Agriculture Fields | |
Foodborne Pathogens: Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens (E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersina) | Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feral Swine Near Spinach Fields and Cattle, Central California Coast |
Incidence and Tracking of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a Major Produce Production Region in California | |
A Multi-State Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Linked to Consumption of Beef Tacos at a Fast-Food Restaurant Chain | |
| Salmonella in Almonds |
Funded by WIFSS | |
Foodborne Pathogens: General | Attachment, Uptake, Dissemination and Inactivation of Foodborne Enteric Caliciviruses in Vegetables |
Fresh Express—Determining the Environmental Factors Contributing to the Extended Survival or Regrowth of Foodborne Pathogens in Composting Systems | |
Topic | Project |
| Survival and Transmission of Pathogenic Viruses in an Agricultural Environment |
Foodborne Pathogens: Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens (E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersina) | Ecology and Epidemiology of E. coli O157:H7 in Fresh Produce Production Regions of the Central California Coast |
Effect of Wilting and Tissue Infiltration on the Behavior of E. coli O157:H7 on Leaf Lettuce Directly After Harvest | |
Evaluation of Growth Kinetics of E. coli O157:H7 on Bagged Spinach, Crisp Head Lettuce, and Romaine Lettuce in Relation to Consumption Decisions Based on Visual Quality and Off-Odors | |
Infiltration of Edible Plants by E. coli O157:H7 |
