Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration (2014)

Chapter: Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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E

Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group

Stakeholder groups:

1 = Economic/Industry

2 = Space scientists and engineers

3 = Young space scientists and engineers

4 = Other scientists and engineers

5 = Higher education

6 = Security/defense/foreign policy

7 = Space writers and science popularizers

8 = Space advocates

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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What do you consider to be the main reasons for space exploration in general?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Knowledge and scientific understanding   64   64 157   81.8   68   78.2 185   77.7 222   78.2   57   82.6   39   75   32   72.7 814   77.5
Technological advances   45   45   61   31.8   39   44.8   63   26.5 103   36.3   20   29   17   32.7   24   54.6 369   35.1
Human economic activity beyond Earth   16   16   15     7.81   17   19.5   16     6.72   38   13.4     8   11.6     5     9.62     4     9.09 116   11
Future settlements in space   11   11   13     6.77   16   18.4     9     3.78   23     8.1     4     5.8     6   11.5     6   13.6   86     8.18
Commercial space travel     0     0     0     0     1     1.15     1     0.42     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.19
International cooperation     6     6   12     6.25     3     3.45     2     0.84     5     1.76     1     1.45     2     3.85     1     2.27   30     2.85
National security     7     7   12     6.25     2     2.3   14     5.88     6     2.11     3     4.35     3     5.77     2     4.55   49     4.66
U.S. prestige   15   15   17     8.85     3     3.45   14     5.88   13     4.58     5     7.25     3     5.77     4     9.09   72     6.85
Careers in science, technology, math and engineering     8     8   13     6.77     7     8.05     8     3.36   10     3.52     7   10.1     3     5.77     1     2.27   56     5.33
Basic human drive to explore new frontiers   36   36   63   32.8   31   35.6   63   26.5   92   32.4   20   29   16   30.8   25   56.8 337   32.1
Search for signs of life     3     3     7     3.65   11   12.6     6     2.52   14     4.93     5     7.25     3     5.77     3     6.82   52     4.95
Prevent threats from space     1     1     5     2.6     4     4.6     6     2.52     9     3.17     3     4.35     0     0     3     6.82   31     2.95
Other   12   12   22   11.5     7     8.05   14     5.88   20     7.04     5     7.25     1     1.92     7   15.9   86     8.18
None/No compelling reason for human space exploration     0     0     1     0.52     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     2.27     2     0.19
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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What do you consider to be the main reason against space exploration in general?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Cost in absolute sense   37   38.5   72   42.1   45   52.3   93   41 141   52.4   31   45.6   24   47.1     7   17.5 442   44.5
Cost in a relative sense   36   37.5   64   37.4   34   39.5   97   42.7   88   32.7   29   42.7   13   25.5   14   35 369   37.2
Lack of clarity about goals or benefits     8     8.33   10     5.85     8     9.3     5     2.2     9     3.35     5     7.35     3     5.88     3     7.5   50     5.04
Risks     6     6.25     5     2.92   10   11.6   15     6.61   15     5.58     1     1.47     3     5.88     1     2.5   56     5.64
Private sector could do it better     3     3.13     2     1.17     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     1.96     0     0     6     0.6
Other     7     7.29     9     5.26     7     8.14   15     6.61   15     5.58     7   10.3     4     7.84     8   20   71     7.15
None/No compelling reason against human space exploration   15   15.6   28   16.4     9   10.5   30   13.2   36   13.4     8   11.8   13   25.5   12   30 149   15
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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What do you consider to be the main reasons for human space exploration?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Knowledge and scientific understanding   30   32.3   53   28.8   27   31   67   29.4   65   24.1   23   34.3   14   26.4   11   24.4 283   28
Technological advances   20   21.5   24   13   17   19.5   19     8.33   38   14.1     9   13.4     2     3.77   10   22.2 137   13.5
Human economic activity beyond Earth     5     5.38     8     4.35     9   10.3     6     2.63     8     2.96     4     5.97     5     9.43     5   11.1   50     4.94
Future settlements in space   13   14   36   19.6   26   29.9   25   11   45   16.7   15   22.4   10   18.9   17   37.8 183   18.1
Commercial space travel     0     0     2     1.09     0     0     1     0.44     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     0.3
International cooperation     3     3.23     8     4.35     2     2.3     2     0.88     4     1.48     3     4.48     0     0     0     0   20     1.98
National security     2     2.15     5     2.72     1     1.15     4     1.75     1     0.37     1     1.49     1     1.89     1     2.22   16     1.58
U.S. prestige   11   11.8   27   14.7     5     5.75   11     4.82   15     5.56     7   10.5     1     1.89     3     6.67   78     7.71
Careers in science, technology, math and engineering   11   11.8   16     8.7     2     2.3     4     1.75   10     3.7     8   11.9     1     1.89     7   15.6   58     5.73
Basic human drive to explore new frontiers   25   26.9   63   34.2   31   35.6   54   23.7   84   31.1   24   35.8   14   26.4   16   35.6 305   30.1
Search for signs of life     1     1.08     1     0.54     3     3.45     1     0.44     5     1.85     1     1.49     1     1.89     2     4.44   15     1.48
Prevent threats from space     1     1.08     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.37     1     1.49     0     0     0     0     3     0.3
Humans can accomplish more than robots   30   32.3   46   25   41   47.1   52   22.8 100   37   22   32.8   25   47.2   14   31.1 327   32.3
Public support     9     9.68   17     9.24     7     8.05   20     8.77   33   12.2     5     7.46     2     3.77     3     6.67   94     9.29
Other   12   12.9   15     8.15     7     8.05   16     7.02   10     3.7     1     1.49     4     7.55     2     4.44   66     6.52
None/No compelling reason for human space exploration     1     1.08   13     7.07     0     0   26   11.4   18     6.67     2     2.99     1     1.89     1     2.22   61     6.03
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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What do you consider to be the main reasons against human space exploration?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Cost in absolute sense   33   35.5   76   42   39   45.9   93   38.9 139   52.1   39   56.5   18   34   10   25.6 441   43.5
Cost in a relative sense   20   21.5   36   19.9   11   12.9   54   22.6   31   11.6   11   15.9     6   11.3     4   10.3 170   16.8
Lack of clarity about goals or benefits     5     5.38   17     9.39     3     3.53     9     3.77     8     3     4     5.8     1     1.89     0     0   45     4.43
Risks   29   31.2   47   26   56   65.9   89   37.2 113   42.3   25   36.2   26   49.1   10   25.6 391   38.5
Private sector could do it better     2     2.15     1     0.55     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     0.3
Robots could do it better   21   22.6   62   34.3   23   27.1   58   24.3   79   29.6   27   39.1   11   20.8     9   23.1 287   28.3
Other   18   19.4   38   21   17   20   26   10.9   37   13.9   13   18.8     6   11.3   11   28.2 165   16.3
None/No compelling reason against human space exploration   11   11.8     7     3.87     2     2.35   12     5.02   12     4.49     6     8.7     6   11.3     8   20.5   64     6.31

 

Below are some reasons commonly given for space exploration. For each, please indicate whether you think it is a very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all important reason for space exploration in general:

Expanding knowledge and scientific understanding

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   87   83.7 172   86.9   73   81.1   203   76.9 259   88.1   58   81.7   50   94.3   40   87 931   84.3
Somewhat important   15   14.4   23   11.6   16   17.8   50   18.9   26     8.84   12   16.9     3     5.66     4     8.7 145   13.1
Not too important     1     0.96     0     0     0     0     3     1.14     6     2.04     0     0     0     0     1     2.17   11     1
Not important at all 0     0     1     0.51     0     0     3     1.14     2     0.68     0     0     0     0     0     0     6     0.54
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     1     0.96     2     1.01     1     1.11     5     1.89     1     0.34     1     1.41     0     0     1     2.17   11     1
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Driving technological advances

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   78   75 116   58.6   70   77.8 149   56.4 211   71.8   37   52.1   45   84.9   35   76.1 731   66.2
Somewhat important   23   22.1   59   29.8   15   16.7   88   33.3   61   20.8   27   38     7   13.2     9   19.6 284   25.7
Not too important     0     0   14     7.07     4     4.44   15     5.68   16     5.44     5     7.04     0     0     0     0   54     4.89
Not important at all     1     0.96     4     2.02     0     0     4     1.52     2     0.68     0     0     0     0     1     2.17   11     1
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     2     1.92     5     2.53     1     1.11     8     3.03     4     1.36     2     2.82     1     1.89     1     2.17   24     2.17

Extending human economic activity beyond Earth

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   27   26   38   19.2   21   23.3   34   12.9   57   19.4   10   14.1   24   45.3   24   52.2 233   21.1
Somewhat important   41   39.4   54   27.3   35   38.9   84   31.8 101   34.4   23   32.4   15   28.3   15   32.6 362   32.8
Not too important   22   21.2   58   29.3   24   26.7   72   27.3   78   26.5   25   35.2   11   20.8     4     8.7 290   26.3
Not important at all   12   11.5   43   21.7     7     7.78   61   23.1   51   17.4   11   15.5     3     5.66     1     2.17 185   16.8
DON’T KNOW     0     0     1     0.51     1     1.11     3     1.14     2     0.68     0     0     0     0     0     0     7     0.63
REFUSED     2     1.92     4     2.02     2     2.22   10     3.79     5     1.7     2     2.82     0     0     2     4.35   27     2.45

Paving the way for future settlements in space

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   38   36.5   39   19.7   29   32.2   19     7.2   60   20.4   10   14.1   21   39.6   26   56.5 239   21.7
Somewhat important   29   27.9   47   23.7   35   38.9   69   26.1   99   33.7   23   32.4   20   37.7   14   30.4 332   30.1
Not too important   18   17.3   58   29.3   18   20   80   30.3   74   25.2   23   32.4     7   13.2     4     8.7 279   25.3
Not important at all   16   15.4   48   24.2     7     7.78   84   31.8   55   18.7   13   18.3     4     7.55     0     0 222   20.1
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.76     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     0.27
REFUSED     3     2.88     6     3.03     1     1.11   10     3.79     5     1.7     2     2.82     1     1.89     2     4.35   29     2.63
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Paving the way for commercial space travel

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   24   23.1   28   14.1   24   26.7   19     7.2   50   17     6     8.45   22   41.5   16   34.8 186   16.9
Somewhat important   39   37.5   53   26.8   33   36.7   71   26.9   97   33   28   39.4   19   35.9   20   43.5 355   32.2
Not too important   22   21.2   70   35.4   23   25.6   97   36.7   98   33.3   22   31     5     9.43     7   15.2 339   30.7
Not important at all   18   17.3   40   20.2     9   10   64   24.2   42   14.3   13   18.3     7   13.2     2     4.35 192   17.4
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.76     2     0.68     0     0     0     0     0     0     4     0.36
REFUSED     1     0.96     7     3.54     1     1.11   11     4.17     5     1.7     2     2.82     0     0     1     2.17   28     2.54

Creating opportunities for international cooperation

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   27   26   71   35.9   30   33.3   69   26.1   99   33.7   20   28.2   34   64.2 20   43.5 365   33.1
Somewhat important   47   45.2   89   45   40   44.4 124   47 135   45.9   23   32.4   15   28.3 16   34.8 482   43.7
Not too important   23   22.1   30   15.2   16   17.8   49   18.6   52   17.7   23   32.4     4     7.55 8   17.4 203   18.4
Not important at all     6     5.77     7     3.54     3     3.33   14     5.3     6     2.04     3     4.23     0     0 1     2.17   38     3.44
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0 0     0     0     0
REFUSED     1     0.96     1     0.51     1     1.11     8     3.03     2     0.68     2     2.82     0     0 1     2.17   16     1.45

Maintaining our national security

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   53   51   79   39.9   28   31.1   92   34.9 126   42.9   30   42.3   27   50.9   17   37 448   40.6
Somewhat important   34   32.7   66   33.3   30   33.3   99   37.5   94   32   26   36.6   15   28.3   17   37 377   34.2
Not too important     9     8.65   30   15.2   24   26.7   51   19.3   52   17.7   10   14.1     8   15.1     7   15.2 186   16.9
Not important at all     3     2.88   19     9.6     5     5.56   12     4.55   19     6.46     4     5.63     3     5.66     3     6.52   65     5.89
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     4     1.52     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     0     0     5     0.45
REFUSED     5     4.81     4     2.02     3     3.33     6     2.27     2     0.68     1     1.41     0     0     2     4.35   23     2.08
Page 208 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Enhancing U.S. prestige

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   40   38.5   70   35.4   20   22.2   60   22.7   92   31.3   19   26.8   19   35.9   10   21.7 325   29.4
Somewhat important   43   41.4   86   43.4   37   41.1 116   43.9 116   39.5   30   42.3   20   37.7   22   47.8 464   42
Not too important   18   17.3   28   14.1   22   24.4   61   23.1   64   21.8   18   25.4     9   17     8   17.4 225   20.4
Not important at all     2     1.92     7     3.54   10   11.1   19     7.2   20     6.8     2     2.82     5     9.43     4     8.7   68     6.16
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.38     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.09
REFUSED     1     0.96     7     3.54     1     1.11     7     2.65     2     0.68     2     2.82     0     0     2     4.35   21     1.9

Inspiring young people to pursue careers in science, technology, math and engineering

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   65   62.5 127   64.1   62   68.9 133   50.4 199   67.7   38   53.5   42   79.3   29   63 685   62.1
Somewhat important   32   30.8   61   30.8   21   23.3   90   34.1   79   26.9   25   35.2     7   13.2   15   32.6 326   29.5
Not too important     5     4.81     4     2.02     5     5.56   28   10.6   12     4.08     6     8.45     4     7.55     1     2.17   64     5.8
Not important at all     0     0     3     1.52     1     1.11     7     2.65     1     0.34     1     1.41     0     0     0     0   13     1.18
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     2     1.92     3     1.52     1     1.11     6     2.27     3     1.02     1     1.41     0     0     1     2.17   16     1.45

Satisfying a basic human drive to explore new frontiers

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   56   53.9 140   70.7   50   55.6 134   50.8 188   64   32   45.1   41   77.4   32   69.6 662   60
Somewhat important   27   26   42   21.2   30   33.3   93   35.2   88   29.9   27   38   12   22.6   11   23.9 327   29.6
Not too important   17   16.4   10     5.05     6     6.67   22     8.33   15     5.1   10   14.1     0     0     0     0   78     7.07
Not important at all     3     2.88     4     2.02     2     2.22     7     2.65     2     0.68     2     2.82     0     0     2     4.35   22     1.99
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.38     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.09
REFUSED     1     0.96     2     1.01     2     2.22     7     2.65     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     1     2.17   14     1.27
Page 209 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Below are some reasons commonly given for space exploration. For each, please indicate whether you think it is a very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all important reason for human spaceflight:

Expanding knowledge and scientific understanding

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   54   51.9   51   25.8   51   56.7   69   26.1 112   38.1   25   35.2   36   67.9   26   56.5 419   38
Somewhat important   28   26.9   62   31.3   22   24.4   84   31.8   94   32   24   33.8   10   18.9   14   30.4 332   30.1
Not too important   12   11.5   46   23.2   11   12.2   62   23.5   49   16.7   14   19.7     4     7.55     2     4.35 196   17.8
Not important at all     4     3.85   29   14.7     2     2.22   31   11.7   22     7.48     5     7.04     1     1.89     1     2.17   94     8.51
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     1     1.11     1     0.38     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.18
REFUSED     6     5.77   10     5.05     3     3.33   17     6.44   17     5.78     3     4.23     2     3.77     3     6.52   61     5.53

Driving technological advances

Q3B2 ([Importance for human space exploration:] Driving technological advances) Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   58   55.8   58   29.3   53   58.9   66   25 117   39.8   27   38   38   71.7   31   67.4 442   40
Somewhat important   25   24   73   36.9   22   24.4   94   35.6   96   32.7   26   36.6     9   17     8   17.4 347   31.4
Not too important     9     8.65   33   16.7     9   10   58   22   44   15   13   18.3     4     7.55     2     4.35 170   15.4
Not important at all     4     3.85   19     9.6     3     3.33   23     8.71   15     5.1     2     2.82     0     0     1     2.17   65     5.89
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     8     7.69   15     7.58     3     3.33   23     8.71   22     7.48     3     4.23     2     3.77     4     8.7   80     7.25
Page 210 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Extending human economic activity beyond Earth

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   32   30.8   30   15.2   20   22.2   21     7.95   40   13.6   11   15.5   22   41.5   26   56.5 200   18.1
Somewhat important   25   24   51   25.8   31   34.4   58   22   84   28.6   20   28.2   15   28.3     9   19.6 289   26.2
Not too important   29   27.9   43   21.7   26   28.9   83   31.4   85   28.9   20   28.2   10   18.9     6   13 296   26.8
Not important at all   12   11.5   59   29.8     9   10   79   29.9   63   21.4   16   22.5     4     7.55     2     4.35 240   21.7
DON’T KNOW     0     0     1     0.51     1     1.11     3     1.14     3     1.02     0     0     0     0     0     0     8     0.72
REFUSED     6     5.77   14     7.07     3     3.33   20     7.58   19     6.46     4     5.63     2     3.77     3     6.52   71     6.43

Paving the way for future settlements in space

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   41   39.4   54   27.3   48   53.3   30   11.4   93   31.6   22   31   29   54.7   28   60.9 341   30.9
Somewhat important   28   26.9   40   20.2   18   20   55   20.8   72   24.5   20   28.2   12   22.6   11   23.9 252   22.8
Not too important   15   14.4   47   23.7   14   15.6   73   27.7   56   19.1   18   25.4     7   13.2     1     2.17 227   20.6
Not important at all   12   11.5   44   22.2     7     7.78   86   32.6   53   18   10   14.1     3     5.66     1     2.17 212   19.2
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.38     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.18
REFUSED     8     7.69   13     6.57     3     3.33   19     7.2   19     6.46     1     1.41     2     3.77     5   10.9   70     6.34

Paving the way for commercial space travel

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   31   29.8   28   14.1   39   43.3   24     9.09   59   20.1   12   16.9   20   37.7   25   54.4 235   21.3
Somewhat important   34   32.7   54   27.3   26   28.9   60   22.7   80   27.2   23   32.4   22   41.5   11   23.9 307   27.8
Not too important   20   19.2   55   27.8   15   16.7   76   28.8   82   27.9   22   31     4     7.55     5   10.9 273   24.7
Not important at all   13   12.5   45   22.7     7     7.78   81   30.7   45   15.3   11   15.5     5     9.43     1     2.17 205   18.6
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.38     3     1.02     0     0     0     0     0     0     4     0.36
REFUSED     6     5.77   16     8.08     3     3.33   22     8.33   25     8.5     3     4.23     2     3.77     4     8.7   80     7.25
Page 211 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Creating opportunities for international cooperation

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   30   28.9   47   23.7   33   36.7   47   17.8   68   23.1   16   22.5   28   52.8   18   39.1 285   25.8
Somewhat important   43   41.4   76   38.4   32   35.6 102   38.6 134   45.6   26   36.6   15   28.3   20   43.5 439   39.8
Not too important   18   17.3   40   20.2   18   20   69   26.1   57   19.4   19   26.8     8   15.1     2     4.35 229   20.7
Not important at all     6     5.77   24   12.1     4     4.44   27   10.2   18     6.12     6     8.45     0     0     2     4.35   84     7.61
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     7     6.73   11     5.56     3     3.33   19     7.2   17     5.78     4     5.63     2     3.77     4     8.7   67     6.07

Maintaining our national security

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   31   29.8   28   14.1   14   15.6   27   10.2   49   16.7   16   22.5   18   34     8   17.4 190   17.2
Somewhat important   36   34.6   48   24.2   22   24.4   64   24.2   69   23.5   16   22.5   15   28.3   17   37 281   25.5
Not too important   17   16.4   46   23.2   31   34.4   94   35.6   95   32.3   27   38   12   22.6   12   26.1 328   29.7
Not important at all   10     9.62   63   31.8   18   20   54   20.5   64   21.8   11   15.5     6   11.3     7   15.2 230   20.8
DON’T KNOW     0     0     1     0.51     0     0     4     1.52     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     5     0.45
REFUSED   10     9.62   12     6.06     5     5.56   21     7.95   17     5.78     1     1.41     2     3.77     2     4.35   70     6.34

Enhancing U.S. prestige

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   40   38.5   66   33.3   29   32.2   35   13.3   78   26.5   15   21.1   17   32.1   19   41.3 293   26.5
Somewhat important   42   40.4   64   32.3   27   30   91   34.5 102   34.7   32   45.1   21   39.6   13   28.3 386   35
Not too important   13   12.5   35   17.7   21   23.3   80   30.3   71   24.2   18   25.4     7   13.2     5   10.9 247   22.4
Not important at all     3     2.88   19     9.6   10   11.1   34   12.9   25     8.5     4     5.63     6   11.3     5   10.9 105     9.51
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.38     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.09
REFUSED     6     5.77   14     7.07     3     3.33   23     8.71   18     6.12     2     2.82     2     3.77     4     8.7   72     6.52
Page 212 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Inspiring young people to pursue careers in science, technology, math and engineering

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   64   61.5   78   39.4   59   65.6   76   28.8 147   50   33   46.5   36   67.9   33   71.7 516   46.7
Somewhat important   29   27.9   73   36.9   22   24.4   97   36.7   95   32.3   20   28.2   11   20.8     9   19.6 353   32
Not too important     4     3.85   23   11.6     4     4.44   53   20.1   29     9.86     9   12.7     4     7.55     1     2.17 126   11.4
Not important at all     1     0.96   14     7.07     2     2.22   19     7.2     5     1.7     6     8.45     0     0     0     0   45     4.08
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     6     5.77   10     5.05     3     3.33   19     7.2   18     6.12     3     4.23     2     3.77     3     6.52   64     5.8

Satisfying a basic human drive to explore new frontiers

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   58   55.8   84   42.4   59   65.6   72   27.3 130   44.2   31   43.7   36   67.9   36   78.3 496   44.9
Somewhat important   25   24   56   28.3   21   23.3   98   37.1   96   32.7   18   25.4   13   24.5     5   10.9 330   29.9
Not too important   11   10.6   29   14.7     3     3.33   48   18.2   39   13.3   14   19.7     2     3.77     0     0 143   13
Not important at all     4     3.85   18     9.09     4     4.44   27   10.2   12     4.08     6     8.45     0     0     2     4.35   72     6.52
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     6     5.77   11     5.56     3     3.33   19     7.2   17     5.78     2     2.82     2     3.77     3     6.52   63     5.71
Page 213 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Most important reason for space exploration in general

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Expanding knowledge and scientific understanding   32   34.4 117   65.4   44   55 123   59.1 163   60.6   32   59.3   33   66   22   48.9 558   57.7
Driving technological advances   21   22.6   12     6.7   11   13.8   20     9.62   30   11.2     5     9.26     4     8     3     6.67 105   10.9
Extending human economic activity beyond Earth     5     5.38     1     0.56     5     6.25     1     0.48     7     2.6     1     1.85     1     2     3     6.67   24     2.48
Paving the way for future settlements in space     5     5.38     5     2.79     6     7.5     3     1.44     5     1.86     0     0     1     2     5   11.1   30     3.1
Paving the way for commercial space travel     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.48     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.1
Creating opportunities for international cooperation     0     0     1     0.56     0     0     2     0.96     1     0.37     0     0     2     4     0     0     6     0.62
Maintaining our national security     8     8.6   10     5.59     1     1.25   15     7.21     6     2.23     6   11.1     2     4     1     2.22   49     5.07
Enhancing U.S. prestige     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     1.85     0     0     1     2.22     2     0.21
Inspiring young people to pursue careers in science, technology, math and engineering     7     7.53   14     7.82     7     8.75   13     6.25   23     8.55     4     7.41     5   10     4     8.89   77     7.96
Satisfying a basic human drive to explore new frontiers   15   16.1   19   10.6     6     7.5   25   12   33   12.3     4     7.41     2     4     4     8.89 106   11
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     0     0     0     0     0     0     5     2.4     1     0.37     1     1.85     0     0     2     4.44     9     0.93
Page 214 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Next most important reason for space exploration in general

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Expanding knowledge and scientific understanding   21   24.4   16   10.3   10   13.7   24   13.7   51   21.5     8   18.2     5   10.2     8   18.6 142   16.7
Driving technological advances   23   26.7   39   25.2   28   38.4   51   29.1   65   27.4   11   25   12   24.5     9   20.9 236   27.7
Extending human economic activity beyond Earth     1     1.16     3     1.94     3     4.11     4     2.29     7     2.95     1     2.27     4     8.16     5   11.6   28     3.29
Paving the way for future settlements in space     5     5.81     1     0.65     5     6.85     4     2.29     4     1.69     2     4.55     2     4.08     2     4.65   25     2.94
Paving the way for commercial space travel     2     2.33     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.84     0     0     1     2.04     2     4.65     7     0.82
Creating opportunities for international cooperation     2     2.33     5     3.23     0     0     7     4     4     1.69     2     4.55     5   10.2     2     4.65   26     3.06
Maintaining our national security     2     2.33   11     7.1     4     5.48   16     9.14   14     5.91     8   18.2     2     4.08     2     4.65   59     6.93
Enhancing U.S. prestige     6     6.98     8     5.16     0     0     1     0.57     1     0.42     0     0     1     2.04     1     2.33   18     2.12
Inspiring young people to pursue careers in science, technology, math and engineering   15   17.4   35   22.6   13   17.8   36   20.6   45   19     7   15.9   11   22.5     6   14 163   19.2
Satisfying a basic human drive to explore new frontiers     8     9.3   36   23.2   10   13.7   24   13.7   43   18.1     5   11.4     6   12.2     3     6.98 133   15.6
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     1     1.16     1     0.65     0     0     8     4.57     1     0.42     0     0     0     0     3     6.98   14     1.65
Page 215 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Most important reason for human spaceflight

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Expanding knowledge and scientific understanding     5     6.33   18   17   14   18.7   22   20.2   28   15.6     7   15.9   10   23.3     5   12.2 107   16.1
Driving technological advances   15   19     8     7.55   10   13.3   13   11.9   15     8.38     5   11.4     3     6.98     5   12.2   72   10.8
Extending human economic activity beyond Earth     8   10.1     2     1.89     1     1.33     2     1.83     2     1.12     2     4.55     0     0     3     7.32   20     3
Paving the way for future settlements in space   10   12.7   10     9.43   19   25.3   12   11   24   13.4     4     9.09     9   20.9     7   17.1   95   14.3
Paving the way for commercial space travel     3     3.8     5     4.72     3     4     3     2.75     5     2.79     2     4.55     0     0     2     4.88   23     3.45
Creating opportunities for international cooperation     2     2.53     8     7.55     1     1.33     8     7.34     4     2.23     4     9.09     2     4.65     0     0   28     4.2
Maintaining our national security     2     2.53     3     2.83     1     1.33     7     6.42     6     3.35     0     0     0     0     1     2.44   20     3
Enhancing U.S. prestige     5     6.33     8     7.55     1     1.33     1     0.92     8     4.47     3     6.82     1     2.33     2     4.88   28     4.2
Inspiring young people to pursue careers in science, technology, math and engineering   12   15.2   15   14.2   16   21.3   20   18.4   35   19.6     6   13.6     7   16.3     8   19.5 118   17.7
Satisfying a basic human drive to explore new frontiers   16   20.3   28   26.4     9   12   18   16.5   50   27.9   11   25   11   25.6     6   14.6 146   21.9
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     1     1.27     1     0.94     0     0     3     2.75     2     1.12     0     0     0     0     2     4.88     9     1.35
Page 216 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Next most important reason for human spaceflight

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Expanding knowledge and scientific understanding     8   11.4     1     1.16     8   11.6   14   18   15   10.1     2     5.88     4     9.52     3     7.69   55     9.87
Driving technological advances     9   12.9   16   18.6     9   13   12   15.4   27   18.2   11   32.4   11   26.2     8   20.5 102   18.3
Extending human economic activity beyond Earth     3     4.29     3     3.49     5     7.25     3     3.85   13     8.78     2     5.88     4     9.52     3     7.69   36     6.46
Paving the way for future settlements in space   10   14.3   13   15.1     5     7.25     5     6.41   11     7.43     4   11.8     4     9.52     5   12.8   54     9.69
Paving the way for commercial space travel     6     8.57     2     2.33     1     1.45     1     1.28     9     6.08     1     2.94     2     4.76     3     7.69   25     4.49
Creating opportunities for international cooperation     3     4.29     6     6.98     2     2.9     5     6.41   10     6.76     1     2.94     3     7.14     4   10.3   33     5.92
Maintaining our national security     3     4.29     3     3.49     3     4.35     1     1.28     3     2.03     2     5.88     0     0     0     0   15     2.69
Enhancing U.S. prestige     3     4.29     8     9.3     5     7.25     4     5.13   12     8.11     2     5.88     0     0     1     2.56   34     6.1
Inspiring young people to pursue careers in science, technology, math and engineering   12   17.1   18   20.9   16   23.2   19   24.4   34   23     8   23.5   11   26.2     6   15.4 121   21.7
Satisfying a basic human drive to explore new frontiers   11   15.7   15   17.4   15   21.7   11   14.1   12     8.11     1     2.94     3     7.14     4   10.3   72   12.9
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.68     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.18
REFUSED     2     2.86     1     1.16     0     0     3     3.85     1     0.68     0     0     0     0     2     5.13     9     1.62
Page 217 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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In your opinion, if NASA’s human spaceflight program was terminated, what, if anything, would be lost?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Knowledge and scientific understanding   11   11.7   30   15.8   36   41.9   49   21   51   18.8     7   10   13   25     5   11.6 200   19.5
Technological advances   16   17   22   11.6   25   29.1   28   12   43   15.8     9   12.9   10   19.2   11   25.6 163   15.9
Human economic activity beyond Earth     5     5.32     5     2.63     5     5.81     6     2.58     3     1.1     2     2.86     3     5.77     3     6.98   32     3.12
Future settlements in space     6     6.38   10     5.26     5     5.81   11     4.72     9     3.31     6     8.57     8   15.4   10   23.3   65     6.34
Commercial space travel     3     3.19     2     1.05     1     1.16     2     0.86     0     0     0     0     2     3.85     1     2.33   11     0.29
International cooperation     2     2.13     3     1.58     7     8.14     4     1.72     7     2.57     2     2.86     0     0     3     6.98   27     2.63
National security     6     6.38     6     3.16     4     4.65     9     3.86   10     3.68     2     2.86     3     5.77     1     2.33   41     4
U.S. prestige   34   36.2   55   29   24   27.9   43   18.5   68   25   20   28.6   14   26.9   18   41.9 270   26.3
Careers in science, technology, math and engineering     9     9.57   10     5.26   14   16.3   17     7.3   32   11.8     7   10     5     9.62     7   16.3   99     9.65
Basic human drive to explore new frontiers   14   14.9   30   15.8   26   30.2   26   11.2   48   17.7   12   17.1     9   17.3   10   23.3 175   17.1
Search for signs of life     0     0     0     0     2     2.33     0     0     2     0.74     0     0     0     0     0     0     4     0.39
Prevent threats from space     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.43     1     0.37     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.19
Humans can accomplish more than robots     2     2.13     8     4.21     4     4.65     2     0.86   11     4.04     4     5.71     0     0     3     6.98   34     3.31
Public support     8     8.51   23   12.1     6     6.98   18     7.73   42   15.4     6     8.57     5     9.62     5   11.6 112   10.9
Investment we made so far   13   13.8   21   11.1     9   10.5   15     6.44   26     9.56     4     5.71     9   17.3     7   16.3 100     9.75
Other   19   20.2   30   15.8   23   26.7   30   12.9   26     9.56     7   10     7   13.5     5   11.6 142   13.8
Nothing/Nothing would be lost     6     6.38   30   15.8     1     1.16   67   28.8   32   11.8   14   20     3     5.77     3     6.98 154   15
Page 218 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Do you think that NASA should focus mainly or exclusively on human spaceflight, mainly or exclusively on robotic space exploration, or a combination of both?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Mainly or exclusively human spaceflight     2     1.92     2     1.01     0     0     0     0     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     1     2.17     6     0.54
Mainly or exclusively robotic space exploration   20   19.2   78   39.4   14   15.6 123   46.6 108   36.7   25   35.2     9   17     1     2.17 376   34.1
A combination of both human spaceflight and robotic space exploration   80   76.9 115   58.1   75   83.3 134   50.8 182   61.9   46   64.8   44   83   41   89.1 703   63.7
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.38     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.09
REFUSED     2     1.92     3     1.52     1     1.11     6     2.27     3     1.02     0     0     0     0     3     6.52   18     1.63

Do you think that NASA or the private sector should take the lead on each of the following activities over the next 20 years:

Space exploration for scientific research

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
NASA   98   94.2 194   98   85   94.4 246   93.2 282   95.9   68   95.8   50   94.3   40   87 1048   94.9
Private sector     2     1.92     3     1.52     3     3.33     5     1.89     6     2.04     1     1.41     2     3.77     1     2.17   22     1.99
Neither     2     1.92     0     0     1     1.11     3     1.14     3     1.02     2     2.82     1     1.89     1     2.17   13     1.18
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.38     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.09
REFUSED     2     1.92     1     0.51     1     1.11     9     3.41     3     1.02     0     0     0     0     4     8.7   20     1.81
Page 219 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Human economic activity beyond Earth

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
NASA   24   23.1   30   15.2   13   14.4   37   14   48   16.3   10   14.1     9   17   11   23.9 180   16.3
Private sector   66   63.5 145   73.2   68   75.6 155   58.7 204   69.4   51   71.8   37   69.8   31   67.4 746   67.6
Neither   12   11.5   22   11.1     8     8.89   59   22.4   38   12.9   10   14.1     6   11.3     1     2.17 153   13.9
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     1.14     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     0.27
REFUSED     2     1.92     1     0.51     1     1.11   10     3.79     4     1.36     0     0     1     1.89     3     6.52   22     1.99

Space travel by private citizens

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
NASA     3     2.88     1     0.51     1     1.11     3     1.14     6     2.04     0     0     1     1.89     1     2.17   16     1.45
Private sector   93   89.4 168   84.9   86   95.6 196   74.2 257   87.4   61   85.9   49   92.5   41   89.1 937   84.9
Neither     5     4.81   26   13.1     2     2.22   58   22   26     8.84   10   14.1     3     5.66     1     2.17 129   11.7
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.09
REFUSED     3     2.88     3     1.52     1     1.11     7     2.65     4     1.36     0     0     0     0     3     6.52   21     1.9

Establishing an off-planet human presence

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
NASA   64   61.5   89   45   58   64.4   82   31.1 139   47.3   34   47.9   34   64.2   32   69.6 527   47.7
Private sector   15   14.4   40   20.2   15   16.7   45   17.1   72   24.5   13   18.3   12   22.6     9   19.6 216   19.6
Neither   23   22.1   66   33.3   14   15.6 126   47.7   75   25.5   24   33.8     6   11.3     1     2.17 329   29.8
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     1     1.11     1     0.38     3     1.02     0     0     0     0     0     0     5     0.45
REFUSED     2     1.92     3     1.52     2     2.22   10     3.79     5     1.7     0     0     1     1.89     4     8.7   27     2.45
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Which of the following best describes your views on NASA human space exploration missions beyond Low Earth Orbit?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
NASA should not conduct human space exploration missions beyond Low Earth Orbit     9     8.65   42   21.2     5     5.56   66   25   50   17   13   18.3     4     7.55     0     0 187   16.9
NASA should conduct human space exploration missions beyond Low Earth Orbit mainly or exclusively as U.S.-only missions   18   17.3   11     5.56     5     5.56   20     7.58   18     6.12     5     7.04     3     5.66     5   10.9   85     7.7
NASA should conduct human space exploration missions beyond Low Earth Orbit mainly or exclusively in collaboration with current international partners (such as ISS partners)   28   26.9   13     6.57   16   17.8   31   11.7   34   11.6     7     9.86     5     9.43     7   15.2 141   12.8
NASA should conduct human space exploration missions beyond Low Earth Orbit mainly or exclusively as part of an international collaboration that includes current partners as well as new and emerging space powers   46   44.2 127   64.1   62   68.9 132   50 186   63.3   45   63.4   40   75.5   31   67.4 656   59.4
DON’T KNOW     0     0     1     0.51     1     1.11     1     0.38     1     0.34     1     1.41     0     0     0     0     4     0.36
REFUSED     3     2.88     4     2.02     1     1.11   14     5.3     5     1.7     0     0     1     1.89     3     6.52   31     2.81
Page 221 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Looking beyond the very near term, consider what goals a worthwhile and feasible U.S. human space exploration program might work toward over the next 20 years. How strongly do you favor or oppose the following options for NASA, bearing in mind that these are multi-year projects and the costs given are approximate overall costs.

Continue with Low Earth Orbit flights to the International Space Station until 2020

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Strongly favor   58   55.8   70   35.4   53   58.9   98   37.1 124   42.2   33   46.5   38   71.7   26   56.5 496   44.9
Somewhat favor   28   26.9   70   35.4   28   31.1 102   38.6 104   35.4   25   35.2   10   18.9   11   23.9 373   33.8
Somewhat oppose     8     7.69   29   14.7     6     6.67   41   15.5   38   12.9   10   14.1     4     7.55     3     6.52 135   12.2
Strongly oppose     7     6.73   19     9.6     1     1.11   13     4.92   16     5.44     3     4.23     1     1.89     2     4.35   59     5.34
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     1     1.11     0     0     2     0.68     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     0.27
REFUSED     3     2.88   10     5.05     1     1.11   10     3.79   10     3.4     0     0     0     0     4     8.7   38     3.44

Extend the International Space Station to 2028

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Strongly favor   53   51   53   26.8   47   52.2   83   31.4 101   34.4   27   38   34   64.2   22   47.8 412   37.3
Somewhat favor   30   28.9   53   26.8   25   27.8   76   28.8 102   34.7   25   35.2   11   20.8   13   28.3 332   30.1
Somewhat oppose   11   10.6   39   19.7   11   12.2   56   21.2   47   16   10   14.1     6   11.3     5   10.9 184   16.7
Strongly oppose     7     6.73   45   22.7     5     5.56   35   13.3   36   12.2     8   11.3     1     1.89     2     4.35 135   12.2
DON’T KNOW     0     0     1     0.51     1     1.11     0     0     2     0.68     0     0     0     0     0     0     4     0.36
REFUSED     3     2.88     7     3.54     1     1.11   14     5.3     6     2.04     1     1.41     1     1.89     4     8.7   37     3.35
Page 222 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Send humans to a Near-Earth asteroid in its native orbit

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Strongly favor   22   21.2   28   14.1   35   38.9   28   10.6   71   24.2     8   11.3   12   22.6     7   15.2 209   18.9
Somewhat favor   30   28.9   56   28.3   30   33.3   64   24.2 105   35.7   22   31   20   37.7   18   39.1 341   30.9
Somewhat oppose   32   30.8   47   23.7   13   14.4   77   29.2   51   17.4   23   32.4   13   24.5     9   19.6 257   23.3
Strongly oppose   17   16.4   58   29.3   10   11.1   76   28.8   54   18.4   17   23.9     6   11.3     7   15.2 243   22
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     1.14     3     1.02     0     0     0     0     0     0     6     0.54
REFUSED     3     2.88     9     4.55     2     2.22   16     6.06   10     3.4     1     1.41     2     3.77     5   10.9   48     4.35

Return to the Moon and explore more of it with short visits

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Strongly favor   26   25   30   15.2   26   28.9   41   15.5   61   20.8   15   21.1   28   52.8   13   28.3 239   21.7
Somewhat favor   41   39.4   70   35.4   36   40   79   29.9 109   37.1   23   32.4   16   30.2   14   30.4 380   34.4
Somewhat oppose   22   21.2   45   22.7   19   21.1   72   27.3   73   24.8   18   25.4     7   13.2   10   21.7 263   23.8
Strongly oppose   11   10.6   45   22.7     7     7.78   58   22   40   13.6   15   21.1     2     3.77     4     8.7 179   16.2
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     1     1.11     1     0.38     3     1.02     0     0     0     0     0     0     5     0.45
REFUSED     4     3.85     8     4.04     1     1.11   13     4.92     8     2.72     0     0     0     0     5   10.9   38     3.44

Establish outposts on the Moon

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Strongly favor   36   34.6   33   16.7   31   34.4   28   10.6   64   21.8   13   18.3   24   45.3   20   43.5 247   22.4
Somewhat favor   26   25   48   24.2   33   36.7   50   18.9   89   30.3   19   26.8   16   30.2   12   26.1 290   26.3
Somewhat oppose   22   21.2   48   24.2   15   16.7   73   27.7   74   25.2   18   25.4     9   17     4     8.7 255   23.1
Strongly oppose   16   15.4   63   31.8     8     8.89 101   38.3   58   19.7   21   29.6     4     7.55     3     6.52 271   24.6
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     1     1.11     1     0.38     3     1.02     0     0     0     0     0     0     5     0.45
REFUSED     4     3.85     6     3.03     2     2.22   11     4.17     6     2.04     0     0     0     0     7   15.2   36     3.26
Page 223 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Conduct orbital missions to Mars to teleoperate robots on the surface

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Strongly favor   35   33.7   52   26.3   29   32.2   69   26.1 100   34   21   29.6   26   49.1   15   32.6 345   31.3
Somewhat favor   48   46.2   70   35.4   35   38.9   88   33.3   96   32.7   24   33.8   17   32.1   17   37 385   34.9
Somewhat oppose   14   13.5   31   15.7   15   16.7   51   19.3   50   17   12   16.9     9   17     6   13 185   16.8
Strongly oppose     4     3.85   35   17.7     9   10   45   17.1   42   14.3   14   19.7     1     1.89     3     6.52 152   13.8
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     1.02     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     0.27
REFUSED     3     2.88   10     5.05     2     2.22   11     4.17     3     1.02     0     0     0     0     5   10.9   34     3.08

Land humans on Mars

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Strongly favor   36   34.6   40   20.2   30   33.3   29   11   68   23.1   19   26.8   27   50.9   29   63 272   24.6
Somewhat favor   29   27.9   46   23.2   36   40   42   15.9   74   25.2   18   25.4   11   20.8     6   13 258   23.4
Somewhat oppose   21   20.2   37   18.7   12   13.3   60   22.7   62   21.1   13   18.3     8   15.1     2     4.35 212   19.2
Strongly oppose   15   14.4   69   34.9   10   11.1 123   46.6   82   27.9   21   29.6     7   13.2     4     8.7 328   29.7
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.68     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.18
REFUSED     3     2.88     6     3.03     2     2.22   10     3.79     6     2.04     0     0     0     0     5   10.9   32     2.9

Establish a human presence (base) on Mars

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Strongly favor   21   20.2   19     9.6   17   18.9   14     5.3   25     8.5     5     7.04   20   37.7   18   39.1 137   12.4
Somewhat favor   24   23.1   34   17.2   23   25.6   22     8.33   58   19.7   17   23.9   10   18.9   11   23.9 195   17.7
Somewhat oppose   23   22.1   33   16.7   25   27.8   55   20.8   76   25.9   16   22.5   13   24.5     7   15.2 245   22.2
Strongly oppose   33   31.7 104   52.5   23   25.6 162   61.4 127   43.2   32   45.1     9   17     4     8.7 489   44.3
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     1.02     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     0.27
REFUSED     3     2.88     8     4.04     2     2.22   11     4.17     5     1.7     1     1.41     1     1.89     6   13   35     3.17
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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How important is it for NASA to do each of the following over the next 20 years:

Maintain the International Space Station as a laboratory for scientific research

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   47   45.2   51   25.8   48   53.3   87   33 101   34.4   26   36.6   35   66   17   37 406   36.8
Somewhat important   34   32.7   52   26.3   24   26.7   73   27.7   92   31.3   23   32.4     9   17   18   39.1 322   29.2
Not too important   12   11.5   50   25.3   13   14.4   48   18.2   67   22.8   18   25.4     5     9.43     2     4.35 213   19.3
Not important at all     4     3.85   28   14.1     2     2.22   25     9.47   21     7.14     2     2.82     2     3.77     3     6.52   84     7.61
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     7     6.73   17     8.59     3     3.33   31   11.7   13     4.42     2     2.82     2     3.77     6   13   79     7.16

Make the investments necessary to sustain a vigorous program of human space exploration

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   48   46.2   52   26.3 46   51.1   50   18.9   90   30.6   25   35.2   24   45.3   31   67.4 362   32.8
Somewhat important   30   28.9   50   25.3 26   28.9   61   23.1   92   31.3   18   25.4   21   39.6     7   15.2 300   27.2
Not too important   15   14.4   39   19.7 11   12.2   64   24.2   64   21.8   16   22.5     3     5.66     0     0 208   18.8
Not important at all     3     2.88   38   19.2 3     3.33   55   20.8   33   11.2   10   14.1     4     7.55     2     4.35 147   13.3
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0 1     1.11     1     0.38     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.18
REFUSED     8     7.69   19     9.6 3     3.33   33   12.5   15     5.1     2     2.82     1     1.89     6   13   85     7.7
Page 225 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Make the investments necessary to sustain a vigorous program of robotic space exploration

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   50   48.1 143   72.2   58   64.4 151   57.2 218   74.2   36   50.7   41   77.4   23   50 713   64.6
Somewhat important   43   41.4   33   16.7   27   30   74   28   54   18.4   30   42.3     9   17   12   26.1 276   25
Not too important     3     2.88     4     2.02     2     2.22     6     2.27     8     2.72     3     4.23     1     1.89     3     6.52   29     2.63
Not important at all     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     1.14     1     0.34     0     0     1     1.89     1     2.17     6     0.54
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.38     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.09
REFUSED     8     7.69   18     9.09     3     3.33   29   11   13     4.42     2     2.82     1     1.89     7   15.2   79     7.16

Limit human space exploration to Earth-orbit missions while maintaining robotic missions for exploring in and beyond the solar system

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   18   17.3   60   30.3   17   18.9   87   33   99   33.7   16   22.5   17   32.1     4     8.7 318   28.8
Somewhat important   30   28.9   59   29.8   29   32.2   82   31.1 101   34.4   28   39.4   17   32.1     7   15.2 347   31.4
Not too important   24   23.1   31   15.7   31   34.4   34   12.9   54   18.4   12   16.9   10   18.9     8   17.4 200   18.1
Not important at all   24   23.1   22   11.1     8     8.89   21     7.95   17     5.78   11   15.5     7   13.2   21   45.7 128   11.6
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     1     1.11     1     0.38     1     0.34     0     0     1     1.89     0     0     4     0.36
REFUSED     8     7.69   26   13.1     4     4.44   39   14.8   22     7.48     4     5.63     1     1.89     6   13 107     9.69

Maintain world leadership in human space exploration

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   61   58.7   57   28.8   45   50   63   23.9 107   36.4   28   39.4   27   50.9   19   41.3 401   36.3
Somewhat important   23   22.1   60   30.3   28   31.1   82   31.1   92   31.3   23   32.4   17   32.1   14   30.4 334   30.3
Not too important     8     7.69   41   20.7   11   12.2   58   22   58   19.7   14   19.7     4     7.55     4     8.7 195   17.7
Not important at all     3     2.88   19     9.6     2     2.22   27   10.2   20     6.8     4     5.63     4     7.55     4     8.7   83     7.52
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     1     1.11     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.09
REFUSED     9     8.65   21   10.6     3     3.33   34   12.9   17     5.78     2     2.82     1     1.89     5   10.9   90     8.15
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Improve orbital technologies such as weather and communication satellites

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   48   46.2 123   62.1   55   61.1 179   67.8 220   74.8   41   57.8   41   77.4   12   26.1 711   64.4
Somewhat important   38   36.5   38   19.2   22   24.4   41   15.5   45   15.3   20   28.2     8   15.1   15   32.6 223   20.2
Not too important     8     7.69   14     7.07     7     7.78   10     3.79   12     4.08     5     7.04     2     3.77   10   21.7   66     5.98
Not important at all     3     2.88     5     2.53     2     2.22     1     0.38     3     1.02     2     2.82     0     0     3     6.52   19     1.72
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     7     6.73   18     9.09     4     4.44   33   12.5   14     4.76     3     4.23     2     3.77     6   13   85     7.7

Plan for a manned mission to Mars

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   36   34.6   31   15.7   29   32.2   25     9.47   52   17.7   20   28.2   23   43.4   20   43.5 231   20.9
Somewhat important   22   21.2   48   24.2   36   40   46   17.4   84   28.6   18   25.4   14   26.4   13   28.3 277   25.1
Not too important   23   22.1   41   20.7   12   13.3   70   26.5   57   19.4   12   16.9     7   13.2     3     6.52 222   20.1
Not important at all   14   13.5   60   30.3   10   11.1   92   34.9   83   28.2   17   23.9     8   15.1     2     4.35 285   25.8
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.09
REFUSED     9     8.65   18     9.09     3     3.33   31   11.7   17     5.78     4     5.63     1     1.89     8   17.4   88     7.97

Expand space exploration collaborations with other countries

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very important   32   30.8   78   39.4   43   47.8   88   33.3 150   51   29   40.9   35   66   21   45.7 470   42.6
Somewhat important   48   46.2   76   38.4   33   36.7 112   42.4 102   34.7   29   40.9   16   30.2   12   26.1 422   38.2
Not too important   12   11.5   20   10.1   10   11.1   24     9.09   24     8.16     7     9.86     1     1.89     5   10.9 103     9.33
Not important at all     4     3.85     6     3.03     0     0     8     3.03     2     0.68     2     2.82     0     0     1     2.17   21     1.9
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     8     7.69   18     9.09     4     4.44   32   12.1   16     5.44     4     5.63     1     1.89     7   15.2   88     7.97
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Currently, how involved are you in space-related work?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very involved   46   44.2   89   45   24   26.7     0     0   23     7.82   15   21.1   15   28.3   28   60.9 233   21.1
Somewhat involved   29   27.9 106   53.5   32   35.6     0     0   99   33.7   23   32.4   29   54.7   11   23.9 325   29.4
Not involved   27   26     0     0   33   36.7 260   98.5 171   58.2   33   46.5     9   17     4     8.7 532   48.2
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     2     1.92     3     1.52     1     1.11     4     1.52     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     3     6.52   14     1.27

How involved are you in work related to human spaceflight?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Very involved   30   40   25   12.8     0     0     0     0     2     1.64     3     7.89     4     9.09   15   38.5   75   13.4
Somewhat involved   29   38.7   51   26.2   12   21.4     0     0   22   18   14   36.8   11   25   16   41 150   26.9
Not involved   16   21.3 119   61   44   78.6     0     0   98   80.3   21   55.3   29   65.9     8   20.5 333   59.7
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0

What is the highest degree you completed?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
High school or some college     2     1.92     0     0     3     3.33     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     3.77     5   10.9   12     1.09
Bachelor’s degree   28   26.9   12     6.06   25   27.8     3     1.14     0     0     1     1.41   10   18.9   18   39.1   95     8.61
Master’s degree   44   42.3   16     8.08   12   13.3   25     9.47     1     0.34   15   21.1   26   49.1     9   19.6 147   13.3
Professional degree   10     9.62     8     4.04     2     2.22   12     4.55     3     1.02     8   11.3     1     1.89     3     6.52   46     4.17
Doctorate   18   17.3 160   80.8   47   52.2 219   83 289   98.3   47   66.2   14   26.4     9   19.6 791   71.7
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     2     1.92     2     1.01     1     1.11     5     1.89     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     2     4.35   13     1.18
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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In what year where you born?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
1915     0     0     1     0.51     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.09
1917     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     1.14     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     0.27
1918     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.76     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.18
1919     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.38     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0.09
1920     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     1.14     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     0.27
1921     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.76     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     0.18
1922     0     0     0     0     0     0     4     1.52     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     4     0.36
1923     0     0     1     0.51     0     0     4     1.52     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     5     0.45
1924     0     0     1     0.51     0     0     5     1.89     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     6     0.54
1925     0     0     1     0.51     0     0     2     0.76     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     0.27
1926     0     0     2     1.01     0     0     5     1.89     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     2.17     8     0.72
1927     0     0     5     2.53     0     0     7     2.65     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     2.17   13     1.18
1928     0     0     6     3.03     0     0     8     3.03     0     0     1     1.41     0     0     1     2.17   16     1.45
1929     0     0     0     0     0     0     8     3.03     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     8     0.72
1930     0     0     3     1.52     0     0     8     3.03     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0   11     1
1931     0     0     5     2.53     0     0     5     1.89     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     2.17   11     1
1932     0     0     4     2.02     0     0     6     2.27     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0   10     0.91
1933     0     0     4     2.02     0     0   11     4.17     0     0     1     1.41     0     0     0     0   16     1.45
1934     0     0     2     1.01     0     0     6     2.27     0     0     1     1.41     1     1.89     0     0   10     0.91
1935     0     0     7     3.54     0     0     4     1.52     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0   11     1
1936     0     0     3     1.52     0     0     7     2.65     1     0.34     1     1.41     0     0     0     0   12     1.09
1937     0     0     6     3.03     0     0     5     1.89     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     0     0   12     1.09
1938     1     0.96     9     4.55     0     0   10     3.79     0     0     3     4.23     0     0     0     0   21     1.9
1939     1     0.96     7     3.54     0     0     7     2.65     2     0.68     2     2.82     0     0     0     0   19     1.72
1940     1     0.96     6     3.03     0     0     9     3.41     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     1     2.17   18     1.63
1941     0     0     1     0.51     0     0     9     3.41     1     0.34     5     7.04     2     3.77     0     0   18     1.63
1942     2     1.92     4     2.02     0     0     6     2.27     1     0.34     0     0     0     0     0     0   13     1.18
1943     1     0.96     7     3.54     0     0     7     2.65     2     0.68     3     4.23     0     0     1     2.17   20     1.81
1944     3     2.88     4     2.02     0     0     8     3.03     4     1.36     6     8.45     1     1.89     0     0   26     2.36
1945     2     1.92     5     2.53     0     0     5     1.89     5     1.7     1     1.41     0     0     0     0   17     1.54
1946     2     1.92     4     2.02     0     0     9     3.41     6     2.04     3     4.23     0     0     0     0   23     2.08
1947     1     0.96     6     3.03     0     0     7     2.65     7     2.38     6     8.45     1     1.89     1     2.17   26     2.36
1948     0     0     9     4.55     0     0     6     2.27     4     1.36     3     4.23     0     0     0     0   22     1.99
1949     6     5.77     9     4.55     0     0   12     4.55     5     1.7     5     7.04     3     5.66     0     0   40     3.62
1950     2     1.92   10     5.05     0     0     6     2.27     9     3.06     2     2.82     2     3.77     1     2.17   31     2.81
1951     3     2.88     5     2.53     0     0     2     0.76     9     3.06     1     1.41     2     3.77     0     0   21     1.9
1952     3     2.88     6     3.03     1     1.11   11     4.17   12     4.08     4     5.63     2     3.77     2     4.35   41     3.71
1953     3     2.88     2     1.01     0     0     9     3.41   11     3.74     0     0     1     1.89     0     0   26     2.36
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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1954     6     5.77     3     1.52     0     0     4     1.52   10     3.4     2     2.82     3     5.66     2     4.35   29     2.63
1955     4     3.85     6     3.03     0     0     5     1.89   21     7.14     1     1.41     3     5.66     1     2.17   41     3.71
1956     3     2.88     2     1.01     0     0     3     1.14   18     6.12     3     4.23     2     3.77     1     2.17   32     2.9
1957     2     1.92     5     2.53     0     0     2     0.76   22     7.48     2     2.82     1     1.89     2     4.35   35     3.17
1958     7     6.73     4     2.02     0     0     3     1.14   16     5.44     1     1.41     1     1.89     1     2.17   32     2.9
1959     3     2.88     1     0.51     0     0     3     1.14   24     8.16     2     2.82     2     3.77     1     2.17   35     3.17
1960     2     1.92     5     2.53     0     0     2     0.76   12     4.08     0     0     0     0     1     2.17   22     1.99
1961     5     4.81     2     1.01     1     1.11     2     0.76   13     4.42     3     4.23     0     0     1     2.17   26     2.36
1962     7     6.73     3     1.52     0     0     0     0     9     3.06     3     4.23     1     1.89     1     2.17   24     2.17
1963     3     2.88     0     0     0     0     0     0   12     4.08     0     0     1     1.89     0     0   16     1.45
1964     2     1.92     2     1.01     0     0     1     0.38     9     3.06     2     2.82     3     5.66     1     2.17   20     1.81
1965     3     2.88     0     0     0     0     0     0     6     2.04     1     1.41     5     9.43     0     0   15     1.36
1966     2     1.92     1     0.51     0     0     0     0     5     1.7     1     1.41     1     1.89     0     0   10     0.91
1967     4     3.85     1     0.51     1     1.11     0     0     5     1.7     0     0     0     0     1     2.17   12     1.09
1968     2     1.92     2     1.01     0     0     2     0.76     4     1.36     0     0     2     3.77     2     4.35   14     1.27
1969     4     3.85     0     0     0     0     0     0     6     2.04     0     0     2     3.77     0     0   12     1.09
1970     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     4     1.36     0     0     1     1.89     1     2.17     6     0.54
1971     1     0.96     1     0.51     1     1.11     1     0.38     2     0.68     0     0     0     0     0     0     6     0.54
1972     2     1.92     2     1.01     1     1.11     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     1.89     1     2.17     7     0.63
1973     1     0.96     2     1.01     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     3     5.66     1     2.17     7     0.63
1974     2     1.92     2     1.01     0     0     0     0     4     1.36     0     0     1     1.89     2     4.35   11     1
1976     0     0     1     0.51     0     0     0     0     2     0.68     0     0     1     1.89     0     0     4     0.36
1977     0     0     0     0     2     2.22     0     0     1     0.34     0     0     1     1.89     0     0     4     0.36
1978     0     0     2     1.01     2     2.22     0     0     2     0.68     0     0     1     1.89     0     0     7     0.63
1979     1     0.96     0     0     1     1.11     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     2.17     3     0.27
1980     1     0.96     0     0     6     6.67     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     2.17     8     0.72
1981     0     0     0     0   10   11.1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0   10     0.91
1982     1     0.96     0     0     4     4.44     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     2.17     6     0.54
1983     0     0     0     0     7     7.78     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     2.17     8     0.72
1984     0     0     0     0     9   10     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     1.89     2     4.35   12     1.09
1985     2     1.92     0     0     5     5.56     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     4.35     9     0.82
1986     0     0     0     0     5     5.56     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     5     0.45
1987     0     0     0     0     4     4.44     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     4     0.36
1988     0     0     0     0     7     7.78     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     7     0.63
1989     0     0     0     0     9   10     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     1.89     2     4.35   12     1.09
1990     0     0     0     0     3     3.33     0     0     0     0     1     1.41     0     0     0     0     4     0.36
1991     0     0     0     0     3     3.33     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     2.17     4     0.36
1992     0     0     0     0     5     5.56     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     2.17     6     0.54
1993     0     0     0     0     1     1.11     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     2     4.35     3     0.27
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     3     2.88     6     3.03     2     2.22     7     2.65     6     2.04     1     1.41     0     0     2     4.35   26     2.36
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Are you male or female?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Male   93   89.4 165   83.3   66   73.3 226   85.6 267   90.8   62   87.3   36   67.9   33   71.7 936   84.8
Female     8     7.69   29   14.7   23   25.6   34   12.9   25     8.5     8   11.3   17   32.1   11   23.9 152   13.8
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     3     2.88     4     2.02     1     1.11     4     1.52     2     0.68     1     1.41     0     0     2     4.35   16     1.45

Are you currently employed?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Yes   99   95.2 167   84.3   77   85.6 163   61.7 292   99.3   58   81.7   51   96.2   36   78.3 928   84.1
No     2     1.92   27   13.6   12   13.3   95   36     1     0.34   12   16.9     2     3.77     8   17.4 158   14.3
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     3     2.88     4     2.02     1     1.11     6     2.27     1     0.34     1     1.41     0     0     2     4.35   18     1.63

Which of the following best describes your current job?

Stakeholder group
1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % Total %
Postsecondary educator     4     4.04   73   43.7   16   20.8   72   44.2 272   93.2   10   17.2   16   31.4     3     8.33 460   49.6
Scientist in a non-teaching position     0     0   32   19.2   26   33.8   36   22.1     1     0.34     5     8.62     4     7.84     2     5.56 105   11.3
Engineer   15   15.2   11     6.59   23   29.9   10     6.13     4     1.37   13   22.4     1     1.96     6   16.7   82     8.84
Managerial or professional   79   79.8   42   25.2     0     0   36   22.1     8     2.74   30   51.7   16   31.4   19   52.8 223   24
Other, please specify:     1     1.01     8     4.79   11   14.3     8     4.91     5     1.71     0     0   13   25.5     6   16.7   52     5.6
DON’T KNOW     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
REFUSED     0     0     1     0.6     1     1.3     1     0.61     2     0.68     0     0     1     1.96     0     0     6     0.65
Page 201 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Frequency Distributions of Responses to the Stakeholder Survey by Respondent Group." National Research Council. 2014. Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18801.
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Next Chapter: Appendix F: Acronyms and Abbreviations
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