| ASI | Activation Severity Index |
| BAS | Behavioral Activation System |
| BMI | body mass index |
| BtS | Brain-to-Society |
| CCK | cholecystokinin |
| DEBQ | Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire |
| DSM-IV (or 5) | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth or Fifth Edition) |
| ENaC | epithelial sodium channel |
| fMRI | functional magnetic resonance imaging |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| GIP | gastric inhibitory peptide |
| GIS | geographic information system |
| GLP-1 | glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| GPR | G-protein coupled receptor |
| IUGR | intrauterine growth restriction |
| MC4 | melanocortin-4 |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| NTS | nucleus of the solitary tract or nucleus tractus solitarii |
| POMC | pro-opiomelanocortin |
| PYY | peptide tyrosine tyrosine |
| RDoC | Research Domain Criteria project |
| SGLT1 | sodium glucose co-transporter 1 |
| TRP M5 | transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 |
| YFAS | Yale Food Addiction Scale |