Fostering Integrity in Research
2017

Consensus

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The integrity of knowledge that emerges from research is based on individual and collective adherence to core values of objectivity, honesty, openness, fairness, accountability, and stewardship. Integrity in science means that the organizations in which research is conducted encourage those involved to exemplify these values in every step of the research process. Understanding the dynamics that support – or distort – practices that uphold the integrity of research by all participants ensures that the research enterprise advances knowledge.

The 1992 report Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process evaluated issues related to scientific responsibility and the conduct of research. It provided a valuable service in describing and analyzing a very complicated set of issues, and has served as a crucial basis for thinking about research integrity for more than two decades. However, as experience has accumulated with various forms of research misconduct, detrimental research practices, and other forms of misconduct, as subsequent empirical research has revealed more about the nature of scientific misconduct, and because technological and social changes have altered the environment in which science is conducted, it is clear that the framework established more than two decades ago needs to be updated.

Responsible Science served as a valuable benchmark to set the context for this most recent analysis and to help guide the committee's thought process. Fostering Integrity in Research identifies best practices in research and recommends practical options for discouraging and addressing research misconduct and detrimental research practices.

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326 pages · 6 x 9 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-39125-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-39126-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/21896

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Fostering Integrity in Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Front Matter i-xvi
Summary 1-10
Part One: The Integrity of Research 11-12
1 Introduction 13-26
2 Foundations of Integrity in Research: Core Values and Guiding Norms 27-38
3 Important Trends and Challenges in the Research Environment 39-54
Part Two: Research Misconduct and Detrimental Research Practices 55-56
4 Context and Definitions 57-76
5 Incidence and Consequences 77-90
6 Understanding the Causes 91-104
7 Addressing Research Misconduct and Detrimental Research Practices: Current Knowledge and Issues 105-146
8 Exploring New Approaches 147-160
Part Three: Fostering Integrity in Research 161-162
9 Identifying and Promoting Best Practices for Research Integrity 163-194
10 Education for the Responsible Conduct of Research 195-204
11 Findings and Recommendations 205-224
Appendixes 225-226
Appendix A: Biographical Information on the Committee and Staff 227-238
Appendix B: Agendas of Committee Meeting Public Sessions 239-244
Appendix C: Assessing the Effectiveness of Responsible Conduct of Research Training: Key Findings and Viable Procedures 245-264
Appendix D: Detailed Case Histories 265-286
Appendix E: Bibliography 287-310

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Fostering Integrity in Research (2017)

Chapter: Appendixes

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Fostering Integrity in Research (2017)

Chapter: Appendixes