| ABWR | Advanced Boiling Water Reactor |
| AI | artificial intelligence |
| AMO | Advanced Manufacturing Office |
| ANS | American Nuclear Society |
| ARDP | Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program |
| ARPA-E | Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy |
| ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| BTO | Building Technologies Office |
| CCF | common cause failure |
| CCUS | carbon capture, utilization, or sequestration |
| COL | Combined Operating License |
| DC | Design Certification |
| DoD | Department of Defense |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| DOE-NE | Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy |
| DSO | distribution system operator |
| EBR-II | Experimental Breeder Reactor II |
| EIA | Energy Information Administration |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
| EPC | engineering, procurement, and construction |
| EPRI | Electric Power Research Institute |
| EPZ | emergency planning zone |
| ESBWR | Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor |
| EXIM | export-import bank |
| FERC | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission |
| FHR | fluoride-molten-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor |
| FLiBe | lithium-fluoride, beryllium fluoride molten salt |
| FOAK | first-of-a-kind |
| GAIN | Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear |
| GEMINA | Generating Electricity Managed by Intelligent Nuclear Assets |
| GFR | gas-cooled fast reactor |
| HALEU | high-assay low-enrichment uranium |
| HTGR | high-temperature gas-cooled reactor |
| IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency |
| INL | Idaho National Laboratory |
| INPO | Institute of Nuclear Power Operations |
| IRA | Inflation Reduction Act |
| ISO | Independent System Operator |
| LCOE | levelized cost of energy |
| LPO | Loan Program Office |
| LWR | light water reactor |
| MEITNER | Modeling-Enhanced Innovations Trailblazing Nuclear Energy Reinvigoration |
| MOPR | Minimum Offer Price Rule |
| MOU | memorandum of understanding |
| MSR | molten-salt-fuel-cooled reactor |
| NCMOU | Nuclear Cooperation Memoranda of Understanding |
| NEA | Nuclear Energy Agency |
| NOAK | nth-of-a-kind |
| NPM | Nuclear Power Module |
| NPP | nuclear power plant |
| NQA-1 | Nuclear Quality Assurance |
| NRC | Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
| NRIC | National Reactor Innovation Center |
| NSUF | Nuclear Science User Facilities |
| O&M | operation and maintenance |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| PCU | power conversion unit |
| PNNL | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| PPA | Power Purchase Agreement |
| PWR | pressurized water reactor |
| QA | quality assurance |
| R&D | research and development |
| ROW | rest of the world |
| RTO | Regional Transmission Operator |
| SDA | standard design approval |
| SFR | sodium fast reactor |
| SMR | small modular reactor |
| TRISO UCO | tri-structural isotropic fuel of uranium-oxycarbide |
| TSO | transmission system operator |
| VPP | virtual power plant |