Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities (2025)

Chapter: Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
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APPENDIX A

Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework

Appendix A consists of the survey sent to 123 hub airports in the United States through Qualtrics and the Interview Framework used as a baseline for conducting the case example interviews with six airports.

Survey Questionnaire

[OPENING MESSAGE, 1st SCREEN]

Welcome! You are receiving this survey because you have been identified as a contact with knowledge and experience related to electric vehicle (EV) charging at airport parking facilities. This study is tasked by the Transportation Research Board’s Airport Cooperative Research Program. Researchers with the Texas A&M Transportation Institute are conducting this study.

Thank you for taking time out of your busy day to help us! This research will explore factors associated with installing, operating, and maintaining EV charging infrastructure as well as the potential electrical capacity, load management, and safety considerations. This online survey should take no longer than 30 minutes to complete.

Your participation is voluntary and confidential. You don’t have to participate in the study and if you do participate, you can stop at any time. The researchers’ survey program will have access to the participant’s IP address, but it will remain confidential. Any reports generated from this research will use aggregated, not individual, personally identifiable data. Researchers will store all research records securely and will limit access to participating researchers. Your name or record of participation will be kept on a secure, encrypted drive accessible to only to researchers on this study and not be published in any way.

The final research report is envisioned to contain case examples of selected airports but will not include the name of any individual person. No case example, however, will be published without the permission of the airport.

The survey asks for some basic point of contact information so we can follow up, but only the Principal Investigator and research study personnel will access this information. The survey webpage will remain open until January 31, 2024. Thank you in advance for your participation.

For additional information, please contact (Assistant Research Scientist at TTI and Principal Investigator for this project).

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
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(((ACCEPT TERMS AND CONTINUE))) – takes survey participant to second screen. (((DECLINE))) – takes survey participant to screen thanking them for their consideration.

[GENERAL QUESTIONS, 2ND SCREEN]

  1. What best describes your role? [CHECK BOX STYLE]
    1. Airport manager
    2. Facilities manager
    3. Parking manager
    4. Other, please specify: [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
  2. Please provide the three-letter identifier for your airport (or the airport of interest) [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
  3. What best describes the ownership of the airport?
    1. City
    2. County
    3. Airport Authority
    4. Other, please specify: [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
  4. Who manages the passenger parking facilities at your airport?
    1. Airport
    2. Private entity
    3. Other, please explain: [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
  5. How many on-site parking facilities do you have at your airport? Please describe the nature of these facilities (garages/lots) [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
  6. Do you currently have EV charging stations within your passenger parking facilities? Y/N
    1. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q6 is N] Do you have plans to in the future?
    2. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q6 is N] Are there any barriers that have prevented you from installing charging stations?

Following questions will display if answer to Q6 is Yes.

[WHY AIRPORTS ARE INSTALLING CHARGING STATIONS, 3RD SCREEN]

  1. What drove your decision to install charging stations within parking facilities? Select all that apply.
    1. Customer request
    2. Expected demand
    3. As an amenity
    4. Other, please specify: [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
  2. In which of your on-site parking facilities do you have EV charging stations? [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]

[QUANTITY, LEVEL, AND LOCATION OF CHARGING STATIONS, 4TH SCREEN]

  1. What types of charging equipment/stations do you have in your passenger parking facilities? Select all that apply.
    1. Level 1, Level 2, Level 3.
      1. How many of each type? [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
      2. What connectors do the charging stations support? [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
Page 41
Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
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        1. Images of each with brief description (select all that apply)
        2. Please provide any additional information in the space provided [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
      2. How did you determine the number of charging stations to install?
        1. [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
      3. Where are these located within your parking facility?
        1. Closest to the terminal
        2. In proximity to elevators or other access/egress point
        3. Designated EV parking areas
        4. Close to departure zones
        5. Close to arrival zones
        6. Other, please specify: [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]

[MONITORING EV CHARGING USAGE, 5TH SCREEN]

  1. Do you monitor usage of your charging stations? Y/N
    1. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q10 is Y] Are your charging stations networked or non-networked? Y/N
    2. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q10 is Y] How is that data and information utilized? [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
    3. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q10 is Y] Do you use the data to determine when to add additional charging stations? Y/N
    4. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q10 is Y] Have you created benchmarks, measures, or metrics to assess demand and assist with charging station planning? [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]

[FUNDING OF EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE, 6TH SCREEN]

  1. What funding options do you use for the purchase and installation of charging stations at passenger parking facilities?
    1. Federal grant
    2. State grant
    3. Local or regional grant
    4. Public-private partnership
    5. Airport revenue
    6. Other, please specify: [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
      1. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q11 INCLUDES A, B, C, OR D] If grant funding is used, what is used to provide the matching funds? [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
      2. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q11 INCLUDES D] How is the public private partnership structured? In terms of revenue sharing or fee for use of space. [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
        1. What are the airports responsibilities in terms of operations and maintenance? [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
  2. Do you charge a fee for the use of EV charging stations? Select yes if a private charging operator assesses the fee. Y/N
    1. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q12 is Y] Is the fee assessed by the airport or a private partner?
      1. Airport
Page 42
Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
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      1. Private Partner
      2. Other, please specify: [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
    2. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q12a INCLUDES i] How was the rate structure designed/determined? [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
      1. Does the fee cover the costs of operation and maintenance? Y/N [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
    3. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q12a INCLUDES ii] How much is the fee for charging?
    4. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q12 is N] Do you plan to charge a fee to help with cost recovery in the future? Y/N
    5. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q12 is N] Where is funding for operations and maintenance derived from?

[PLANNING FOR ELECTRICAL CAPACITY, 7TH SCREEN]

  1. Did you conduct an electrical capacity assessment before installing charging stations? Y/N
    1. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO Q13 is N] Do you plan to in the future?
  2. Have you contacted/coordinated with your local utility with regard to EV charging stations? Y/N [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
  3. Does your airport use, or plan to use, any load management strategies to mitigate the impacts of additional load from EV charging? Y/Plan to in the future/N
    1. Please provide any additional context or details in the space provided. [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]

[LIFE SAFETY, 8TH SCREEN]

  1. Does your airport have specific safety requirements or procedures in place for EVs and EV charging equipment? Y/N, please describe: [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
  2. Do you have specific safety training for your staff that relates to EVs and EV charging equipment? Y/N, please describe: [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]
  3. Have you coordinated with your fire department/EMS to determine the need for additional standards or procedures? Y/N/Plan to do so in the future.
    1. [DISPLAY IF RESPONSE TO 18 is Y] Could you provide further details on those standards or procedures? [BLANK FOR RESPONSE]

[CLOSING QUESTIONS, SCREEN]

  1. May the research team contact you in the future for additional information about your airport’s experience with EV charging at parking facilities? Y/N
  2. [IF YES TO QUESTION 19]: Please provide your full name and email address so we can contact you. [BLANK FOR RESPONSE.]

Thank you for taking our survey! Your response has been recorded.

Page 43
Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
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Interview Framework

The following framework was used as baseline to develop specific questions for each airport interviewed. Before the interview, researchers used the survey response to update and edit the questions to better reflect the airport’s existing experience with EV charging infrastructure.

General EV Charging Questions

  1. What prompted you to install EV charging stations/trial X charging solution?
  2. Can you speak to your experience with EV charging stations in your parking facilities?
    1. What do you see as opportunities?
    2. What were the challenges you face/have faced?
  3. How have you determined the appropriate mix of charger type for your airport?
  4. What do you wish you had known before installing charging stations in your parking facilities?
  5. Do you have any advice for other airport managers relating to EV charging at parking facilities?

Funding and Revenue

  1. What are the main funding sources you have leveraged for EV charging equipment, upgrades, and installation?
  2. With what funds do you cover operational and maintenance costs?
  3. How did you determine the cost per charge/rate structure or why did you decide to offer “free” EV charging?
  4. Can you speak to your experience with public-private partnerships for EV charging?
  5. What are the benefits of partnering with a private charging provider? What are some of the challenges?

Electrical Capacity and Load Management

  1. How many networked chargers does your airport have? How many non-networked?
  2. How do you use data on charging?
  3. Have you coordinated with your utility on capacity and needs relating to EV charging in your parking facilities?
  4. Do you have any advice for other airports/airport managers on data collection or use of data?
  5. Have you experienced any challenges with utility coordination, load management, or demand-related charges?

Safety Issues

  1. What safety issues have you encountered with EV charging stations?
  2. Have you adopted additional standards or protocols for your parking facilities?
  3. Do you have specific training related to EV charging station safety issues?
Page 44
Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
Save
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
Save
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
Save
Cancel
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
Save
Cancel
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire and Interview Framework." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28593.
Save
Cancel
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Next Chapter: Appendix B: Documentation of Survey Results and Analysis
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