APPENDIX A

Survey Questionnaire

The Transportation Research Board, through the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), is preparing a synthesis report on the Use and Availability of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) for Concrete. This is being done under the sponsorship of AASHTO in cooperation with the FHWA. The objective of the synthesis is to document state DOT practices for using SCMs in concrete. This survey of state DOTs is a primary means of gathering information for the synthesis. The survey is being sent to the voting DOT members of the AASHTO COMP. We have included 25 questions to get information on your department’s use of SCMs in concrete, on the shortage of fly ash, and on the use of alternative SCMs (ASCMs). We would greatly appreciate your responses to the questionnaire, which will help ensure success of this synthesis project.

START OF THE SURVEY

1. Please enter your information
   • Name: _____________________________
   • State DOT (drop down states’ list): ___________________________
   • Email: _____________________________
   • Phone: _____________________________
2. Does your DOT specification allow the use of SCMs in concrete? Please select from below.
   • [ ] Yes, only as an additive to replace cement in the mixture.
   • [ ] Yes, only an ingredient of blended cement used in the mixture.
   • [ ] Yes, allows both as additives and as blended in cements.
   • [ ] Does not allow the use of SCMs in concrete mixtures.

   If you answered “Does not allow ….,” please go to end of survey. Thank you!

3. In which concrete applications does your specification allow the use of SCMs? Please select from below.
   • [ ] Pavements only.
   • [ ] Bridges and other structures.
   • [ ] Pavements and all structures.

4. Does your DOT specify SCMs in concrete to satisfy the conditions below? Please check all that apply.
   • [ ] Concrete classes that require low permeability to improved durability.
   • [ ] Heat management for mass concrete elements.
   • [ ] Improve environmental sustainability by reducing cement content in concrete.
   • [ ] None of the above.
   • Other _____________________
5. Does your DOT specification allow the use of following SCMs in concrete? Please select from below.
   • [ ] Fly ash Class F
   • [ ] Fly ash Class C
   • [ ] Harvested and/or beneficiated fly ash meeting ASTM C618-23/AASHTO M 295 (Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete)
   • [ ] Slag cement
   • [ ] Silica fume
   • [ ] Calcined clay
   • [ ] Calcined shale
   • [ ] Calcined pumice
   • [ ] Metakaolin
   • [ ] Rice husk
   • [ ] Others, please specify _______________________
6. What percent SCM is permitted by your DOT specification as replacement of cement in pavement concrete? Please respond to all that apply.

   SCM	<10%	10%–15%	20%	25%	30%	40%	50%	60%	Other %	Not used
   Fly ash F
   Fly ash C
   Slag
   Silica fume

   If marked “Other %,” please specify________________________________

7. What percent SCM is permitted by your DOT specification as replacement of cement in bridges and other structures? Please check/specify all that apply.

   SCM	<10%	10%–15%	20%	25%	30%	40%	50%	60%	Other %	Not used
   Fly ash F
   Fly ash C
   Slag
   Silica fume

   If marked “Other %,” please specify________________________________

8. What percent natural pozzolan is permitted by your DOT specification as replacement of cement in concrete mixtures? Place “0” if not allowed or natural pozzolans not included in specification.
   • Allowable percent calcined clay __________________
   • Allowable percent calcined shale_________________
   • Allowable percent calcined pumice ________________
   • Allowable percent metakaolin ____________________
   • Allowable percent rice husk ______________________
   • Natural pozzolans have not been included in specifications __________________
9. Does your DOT specification allow the use of the two SCMs in concrete mixtures (ternary mixtures)? Please check all that apply.
   • ( ) Yes, only in pavements.
   • ( ) Yes, only in bridges and other structures.
   • ( ) Yes, in pavements and structures.
   • ( ) No, have not been used.

   If you answered “No,” please go to Q12.

10. What SCM percentages in ternary concrete mixtures are permitted by your DOT specification or special project provisions? Please check/specify all that apply, or other %s or not specified.

    SCMs	10% + ≤10%	20% + ≤10 %	50% + ≤10 %	20% + 20%	20% + 30%	30% + 30%	40% + 20%	10% + 50%	15% + 50%	Other %s	Not Specified
    Fly ash F + Fly ash C
    Fly ash + Slag
    Fly ash + Silica fume
    Slag + Silica fume
    Natural pozzolan + Slag

    If marked “Other %s” please specify_______________________

11. Does your DOT specification allow the use of the three SCMs as replacement of cement in concrete mixtures (quaternary mixtures)?
    • ( ) Yes, only in pavements.
    • ( ) Yes, only in bridges and other structures.

• ( ) Yes, in pavements and structures.
• ( ) No, have not been used.
12. Does your DOT specification require concrete with SCMs to meet the acceptance strength requirements at 28 days?
    • [ ] Yes, same as in concrete with no SCMs.
    • [ ] In some applications, the strength requirement for acceptance can be met at later ages (e.g., at 56 days).

    If strength requirements can be met at ages beyond 28 days, please provide the link to your specification or special provisions regarding this. _____________________

13. Does your DOT specification require the tests below when SCMs are used in concrete?

    Test	Yes	No
    Pozzolanic reaction test
    Chloride permeability test
    Surface resistivity test
    Bulk resistivity test
    Shrinkage test
    Freeze–thaw test
    Air-void system parameters

    If your agency uses three or more of the tests shown above, please provide a link to your specification or other special provision(s). ______________________________

14. Have SCMs affected the performance of concrete mixtures with Type IL cement?
    • ( ) Yes, positive effects.
    • ( ) Yes, negative effects.
    • ( ) Yes, minor impacts readily overcome by contractors or producers.
    • ( ) Have not experienced any impact.
    • ( ) No opinion.

    If you checked “have not experienced any impact” or “no opinion,” please go to question 16.

15. What impact(s) do SCMs have on concrete with Type IL cement. Please check all that apply whether negative or positive impact, and if unsure.

    Impact/SCM	Fly ash Class F	Fly ash Class C	Slag cement	Silica fume	Natural Pozzolans	Unsure
    Has same positive impact on IL concrete as on concrete with other traditional cements.
    Impacts workability.

Further delays concrete set time.
Further delays early strength development.
Increases shrinkage.
Requires further adjustments in IL concrete mixture designs.
Impacts on surface finishing quality.

If other impact(s), please specify__________________________

16. Is your state experiencing shortage of fly ash to supply DOT projects, or has your state experienced shortages in the past?
    • [ ] Yes, at some point(s) during the past 5 years or longer
    • [ ] Yes, presently
    • [ ] Yes, expected in the near future
    • [ ] Have not experienced, currently not experiencing, nor anticipating any shortages of fly ash

    If you answered “have not experienced, currently not experiencing, nor anticipating any shortages” please go to question 18.

17. What actions are being taken (or have been taken in the past) by your DOT to address the challenge of fly ash shortages? Please check all that apply.
    • [ ] Relied upon an industry-based solution (such as beneficiated fly ash technologies) to increase supply.
    • [ ] Purchase imported fly ash.
    • [ ] Modify DOT specification to only require the use of fly ash in concrete pavements and structures subjected to highly aggressive chloride or sulfate environments, other chemical attack or ASR.
    • [ ] Modify concrete mixture designs to reduce concrete permeability using approaches other than use of fly ash (e.g., lower w/cm ratio).
    • [ ] Modify current specification to allow switching to other traditional SCMs such as slag, silica fume and natural pozzolans, or alternative SCMs.
    • [ ] Modify specification to allow off-spec SCMs, such as fly ashes not meeting AASHTO M 295/ASTM C618-23.
    • [ ] Other action(s) ____________________________
18. Does your DOT allow use of alternative SCMs (ASCMs) in concrete?
    • ( ) Yes, presently allowed.
    • ( ) Yes, plan to allow use in the future.
    • ( ) No plans to allow ASCMs.

    If you answered “yes, plan to allow use in the future” or “No plans” please go to Q25.

19. Does your DOT permit the use the of following ASCMs in concrete mixtures? Please check all that apply.
    • [ ] Ground glass
    • [ ] Industrial secondary or by-products with chemical compositions and physical properties similar to fly ash.
    • [ ] Off-specification (not meeting AASHTO M 295/ASTM C618-23) fly ash
    • Other ASCMs including any Industrial by-products, please specify __________________
20. What percent ASCM is permitted by your specification as replacement of or in addition to of cement in concrete? Please respond to all that apply. Press “0” if not specified or not sure.
    • Percent ground glass in concrete? __________________
    • Industrial secondary or by-products with chemical compositions and physical properties similar to fly ash? _______________________
    • Percent off-specification (not meeting AASHTO M 295/ASTM C618-23) fly ash in concrete? ____________________
    • Other ASCMs? __________________________________________
    • Not sure at present time pending further evaluations ______________________
    • See specification (please provide link) __________________________
21. Which test results does your DOT typically require for ASCM consideration for approval?
    • [ ] Compressive strength – mortar
    • [ ] Compressive strength – concrete
    • [ ] Flexural strength
    • [ ] Modulus of elasticity
    • [ ] Chloride permeability test
    • [ ] Surface resistivity test
    • [ ] Bulk resistivity test
    • [ ] Shrinkage test
    • [ ] Freeze–thaw test
    • [ ] Air-void system parameters
    • [ ] Tests unique for ASCM concrete are not specified yet in specifications but rather the above tests may be required for conventional concrete mixtures based on applications.

    If you checked more than 3 tests, please provide a link to your department ASCM, or SCM specification with provisions for ASCMs ____________________________

22. Would your department accept test results on ASCM performance from producers, private laboratories, vendors, product champions, or other states to support approval of ASCMs for use? Please check all that apply
    • [ ] ASCM producer data accepted.
    • [ ] Concrete producer data accepted.
    • [ ] Private laboratory data accepted.
    • [ ] Supplier data accepted.

• [ ] Other state DOTs’ data accepted.
• [ ] No, we rely on our DOT’s laboratory tests.
• [ ] Data from other source accepted (please specify) _______________________
23. Has your agency supported/performed field trials of ASCMs?
    • ( ) Yes.
    • ( ) No, but we are considering one or more field trials in the future.
    • ( ) No.
    • If you responded “No” please go to 25
24. What type of field trial(s) has your department supported/performed or will support/performed to evaluate ASCM performance?
    • [ ] Pavement
    • [ ] Bridge structure
    • [ ] Mass concrete members
    • [ ] Parking area
    • [ ] Other structure (please specify) ___________________________

    If your department performed field trial(s) and issued a report, please provide a link.

    Thanks! _________________________

25. We would like to interview selected DOT respondents for use in developing case examples. Case examples will be included in the final synthesis report. The case example DOTs will be identified, but the interviewees will remain anonymous. DOTs will have the opportunity to review their case examples for accuracy. Would you agree to participate in a short case example interview?
    • ( ) Yes
    • ( ) No
    • ( ) Yes, another DOT staff.

    Please list their name and Email address _________________________________

END OF QUESTIONNAIRE

Thank You for Your Time and Responses