Resilient Zero-Emission Transit Bus Fleets: A Guide (2025)

Chapter: References and Bibliography

Previous Chapter: Appendix E: Adaptation Measures
Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Resilient Zero-Emission Transit Bus Fleets: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29205.

References and Bibliography

Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center. n.d. Improving Transit Resilience Database. Accessed September 2024. https://vtc.rutgers.edu/tcrp/tcrp-database/#home2/

American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 2009. All-hazards Risk and Resilience: Prioritizing Critical Infrastructures Using the RAMCAP Plus Approach. Washington, DC: American Society of Mechanical Engineers Innovative Technologies Institute.

APTA. 2008. “Continuity of Operations Plan for Transit Agencies.” American Public Transportation Association. September 26. https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/APTA-SS-SEM-S-001-08_Rev2.pdf

APTA. 2014. “Cybersecurity Considerations for Public Transit.” American Public Transportation Association. October 17. https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/APTA-SS-ECS-RP-001-14_R1.pdf

APTA. 2019. Securing Control and Communications Systems in Transit Bus Vehicles and Supporting Infrastructure. Washington, DC: American Public Transportation Association.

APTA. 2024. “Emergency Operations Plan for Transit Agencies.” American Public Transportation Association. April 2024. https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/APTA-SS-SEM-RP-019-24.pdf

Arsad, A. Z., M. A. Hannan, A. Q. Al-Shetwi, R. A. Begum, M. J. Hossain, Pin Jern Ker, and T. M. Indra Mahlia. 2023. “Hydrogen Electrolyser Technologies and their Modelling for Sustainable Energy Production: A Comprehensive Review and Suggestions.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 27841–27871.

Bailey, L., L. Blank, M. Adams, and D. Keung. 2020. Planning for a Climate Resilient Electric Bus Fleet: Challenges and Solutions for Public Transportation Agencies. ElectrifyNY.

Ballard. n.d. “Technical Note: Fuel Cell Electric Buses Cold Weather Operation.” Accessed September 23, 2024. https://www.ballard.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Technical-Note_Bus-Cold-Weather-Operation_dec-2024.pdf

Brashear, J., and J. W. Jones. 2010. “Risk Analysis and Management for Critical Asset Protection (RAMCAP Plus).” In Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security.

C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. 2019. “Reducing climate change impacts on mass transit.” C40 Knowledge. June. https://www.c40knowledgehub.org/s/article/Reducing-climate-change-impacts-on-mass-transit?language=en_US

California Air Resources Board. 2018. Innovative Clean Transit. Accessed 2024. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/innovative-clean-transit/about

California Air Resources Board. 2020. “Zero-Emission Bus Rollout Plan Guidance for Transit Agencies.” January 9. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-01/UPDATED%20Rollout%20Plan%20Guidance%20Final_2.pdf

California Public Utilities Commission. n.d. Emergency Load Reduction Program. https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/industries-and-topics/electrical-energy/electric-costs/demand-response-dr/emergency-load-reduction-program

Center for Transportation and the Environment. 2024. “Zero-Emission Bus Transition Planning Guide.” December. Accessed 2024. https://go.cte.tv/l/907102/2024-11-12/zf7bx/907102/1731425136UPs1Z5fY/ZEB_Transition_Planning_Guide_Digital_Version_Sept_27_2024.pdf

DOE Office of Policy. 2017. “Ensuring Electricity System Reliability, Security, and Resilience.” In Transforming the Nationʼs Electricity Sector: The Second Installment of the QER.

Ehlen, M. A., and V. Vargas. 2013. “Multi-Hazard, Multi-Infrastructure, Economic Scenario Analysis.” Environment Systems and Decisions 33 (1).

Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration. 2018. “Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves Interim Report Fact Sheet.” June. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_mitsaves-factsheet_2018.pdf

Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Resilient Zero-Emission Transit Bus Fleets: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29205.

FEMA. 2019. 2019 National Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA): Overview and Methodology. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/fema_national-thira-overview-methodology_2019_0.pdf

FEMA. 2020a. “Continuity of Operations Plan Template for Federal Departments and Agencies.” October. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/fema_planning-template-federal-departments-agencies_october-2020_0.pdf

FEMA. 2020b. Increasing Resilience Using THIRA/SPR and Mitigation Planning. FEMA. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/fema_thira-hmp_jobaid.pdf

FHWA. 2024. Resilience Planning Tools. July 16. Accessed 2024. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/tools/

FTA. 2016. System Security and Emergency Preparedness Plan (SSEPP). https://www.transit.dot.gov/oversight-policy-areas/system-security-and-emergency-preparedness-plan-ssepp

FTA. 2022. Zero-Emission Fleet Transition Plan. November 7. Accessed 2024. https://www.transit.dot.gov/funding/grants/zero-emission-fleet-transition-plan

FTA. 2024. Public Transportation Agency Safety Plans. https://www.transit.dot.gov/PTASP

FTA Bus Safety Program. 2018. “Effective Practices in Bus Transit Safety: Emergency Response.” Federal Transit Administration. https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/regulations-and-guidance/safety/117621/effective-practices-bus-transit-safety-emergency-response.pdf

Godfrey, J., and A. Sipiora. 2023. Procuring and Maintaining Battery Electric Buses and Charging Systems – Best Practices. Washington, DC: Federal Transit Administration.

Haroldson, Jae. 2024. Electric Bus CO2 Heat Pumps Should Be Optimized for Cooling in the U.S. to Increase Range, Says Trane Technologies USA. August 30. Accessed 2024. https://naturalrefrigerants.com/electric-bus-co2-heat-pumps-should-be-optimized-for-cooling-in-the-u-s-to-increase-range-says-trane-technologies-usa/

Henning, M., A. Thomas, and A. Smyth. 2020. “An Analysis of the Association between Changes in Ambient Temperature, Fuel Economy, and Vehicle Range for Battery Electric and Fuel Cell Electric Buses.” https://cte.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Four-Season-Analysis.pdf

Hynes, M., A. Crippen, K. Lemons, and E. Varnell. 2024. Zeroing in on Zero-Emission Buses. CALSTART.

Jerram, L. 2024. TCRP Synthesis 175: Examination of Transit Agency Coordination with Electric Utilities. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board. https://doi.org/10.17226/27884

John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. 2024. Transit Resilience Guide. Washington, DC: Federal Transit Administration.

Johnson, J., T. Berg, B. Anderson, and B. Wright. 2022. “Review of Electric Vehicle Charger Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities, Potential Impacts, and Defenses.” Energies.

Joint Office of Energy and Transportation. 2024a. “Hot Weather Impacts on Battery-Electric Transit Buses.” https://driveelectric.gov/files/transit-hot-weather-help-sheet.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

Joint Office of Energy and Transportation. 2024b. “Cold Weather Impacts on Battery-Electric Transit Buses.” https://driveelectric.gov/files/transit-cold-weather-help-sheet.pdf

K & J Safety and Security Consulting Services. 2023. Safety and Security Certification of Electric Bus Fleets – Industry Best Practices. Washington, DC: Federal Transit Administration.

Lee, B., A. Kushwah, and K. Jokinen. 2023. Microgrids: Best Practices for Zero-Emission Bus Resiliency. Pasadena, CA: CALSTART.

Linscott, M., and A. Posner. 2021. TCRP Research Report 219: Guidebook for Deploying Zero-Emission Transit Buses. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board. https://doi.org/10.17226/25842

Lowell, D., and C. Gupta. 2024. The State of U.S. Transit Bus Zero Emission Transition. New York, NY: WSP Center for Clean Transportation.

Matherly, D., L. Berger, J. A. Carnegie, and J. Mobley. 2017. TCRP Web-Only Document 70: Improving the Resilience of Transit Systems Threatened by Natural Disasters, Volume 1: A Guide. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board. https://doi.org/10.17226/24973

National Research Council. 2012. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/13457

Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations. n.d. Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs Selections for Award Negotiations. https://www.energy.gov/oced/regional-clean-hydrogen-hubs-selections-award-negotiations#selected

Olabi, A. G., H. M. Maghrabie, O. H. K. Adhari, E. T. Sayed, B. A. A. Yousef, T. Salameh, M. Kamil, and M. A. Abdelkareem. 2022. “Battery Thermal Management Systems: Recent Progress and Challenges.” International Journal of Thermofluids.

Ponemon Institute. 2023. Cost of a Data Breach Report. IBM Corporation.

Pulcinella, J. A., A. M. E. Winguth, D. J. Allen, and N. D. Gangadhar. 2019. “Analysis of Flood Vulnerability and Transit Availability with a Changing Climate in Harris County, Texas.” Transportation Research Record 2673 (6): 258–266.

Raman, G., G. Raman, and J. Chih-Hsien Peng. 2022. “Resilience of Urban Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure to Flooding.” Nature Communications.

Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Resilient Zero-Emission Transit Bus Fleets: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29205.

Reddi, K., A. Elgowainy, N. Rustagi, and E. Gupta. 2017. “Impact of Hydrogen SAE J2601 Fueling Methods on Fueling Time of Light-Duty Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42 (26): 16675–16685.

Sengupta, S., P. Fajri, T. Das, and S. Rath. 2023. “Can Electric Vehicles Be Hacked?” Nevada Today, April 21.

Song, Z., Y. Pan, H. Chen, and T. Zhang. 2021. “Effects of Temperature on the Performance of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Review.” Applied Energy.

Southern California Edison. 2024. Historical Rate Schedules for 2024. Accessed 2024. https://www.sce.com/regulatory/tariff-books/historical-rates/historical-rate-schedules-for-2024

Stechemesser, A., and L. Wenz. 2023. “Inequality in Behavioural Heat Adaptation: An Empirical Study with Mobility Data from the Transport System in New York City, NY, USA.” The Lancet Planetary Health 7 (10): e798–e808.

The World Bank. 2021. Electrification of Public Transport. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/708531625052490238/pdf/Electrification-of-Public-Transport-A-Case-Study-of-the-Shenzhen-Bus-Group.pdf

Transportation Research Board. 2021. Special Report 340: Investing in Transportation Resilience: A Framework for Informed Choices. Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/26292

U.S. Department of Energy. 2022a. Zero Emission Transit Bus Acquisition Requirement. Accessed 2024. https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/13103

U.S. Department of Energy. 2022b. Zero Emission Transit Bus Acquisition Requirement. Accessed 2024. https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/12951

U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 2021. Hydrogen Shot. August. Accessed 2024. https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-shot.

U.S. DHS. 2018. Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 201 3rd Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/national-preparedness/plan

U.S. DHS. 2023. Ready: Business Continuity Planning. U. S. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.ready.gov/business/emergency-plans/continuity-planning

U.S. DOT. 2021a. Climate Action Plan: Revitalizing Efforts to Bolster Adaptation and Increase Resilience. U.S. Department of Transportation. https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2022-04/Climate_Action_Plan.pdf

U.S. DOT. 2021b. Climate Adaptation Resources and Tools. https://www.transportation.gov/priorities/climate-and-sustainability/climate-adaptation-resources-and-tools

U.S. DOT. 2023. “Equity Action Plan 2023 Update.” September. Accessed 2024. https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2023-12/2023%20update%20to%20the%20DOT%20Equity%20Action%20Plan.pdf

U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2024. “U.S. Electricity Customers Averaged Five and One-Half Hours of Power Interruptions in 2022.” Today in Energy. January 25. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=61303

United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2020. “Underground Storage Tank Flood Guide.” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. August. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2014-03/documents/ustfloodguide.pdf

Weilant, S., A. Strong, and B. M. Miller. 2019. Incorporating Resilience into Transportation Planning and Assessment. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR3000/RR3038/RAND_RR3038.pdf

Wu, S., L. Feng, S. Changizian, M. Raeesi, and H. Aiedi. 2022. “Analysis of Air Conditioning System Impact on a Fuel Cell Vehicle Performance Based on a Realistic Model Under Actual Urban Conditions.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 25899–25912.

Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Resilient Zero-Emission Transit Bus Fleets: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29205.

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Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Resilient Zero-Emission Transit Bus Fleets: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29205.
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Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Resilient Zero-Emission Transit Bus Fleets: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29205.
Page 90
Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Resilient Zero-Emission Transit Bus Fleets: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29205.
Page 91
Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Resilient Zero-Emission Transit Bus Fleets: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29205.
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