Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings (2026)
Chapter: 6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors
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Previous Chapter:
5 Level 1 Crash Predictive Count Models
Next Chapter: 7 Level 3 Point Estimates of Average Crash Frequency
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
Suggested Citation:
"6 Level 2 Crash Estimates Using Crash Modification Factors." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Assessing Safety Effectiveness of Treatments and Technologies at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/29286.
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