Previous Chapter: 3 Radiation Physics
Suggested Citation: "4 Nanoscale Device Characterization." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2025. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29294.
Page 34
Suggested Citation: "4 Nanoscale Device Characterization." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2025. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29294.
Page 35
Suggested Citation: "4 Nanoscale Device Characterization." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2025. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29294.
Page 36
Suggested Citation: "4 Nanoscale Device Characterization." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2025. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29294.
Page 37
Suggested Citation: "4 Nanoscale Device Characterization." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2025. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29294.
Page 38
Suggested Citation: "4 Nanoscale Device Characterization." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2025. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29294.
Page 39
Suggested Citation: "4 Nanoscale Device Characterization." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2025. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29294.
Page 40
Suggested Citation: "4 Nanoscale Device Characterization." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2025. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29294.
Page 41
Next Chapter: 5 Quantum Measurement
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