Freshwater Ecosystems: Revitalizing Educational Programs in Limnology (1996)
Chapter: Appendix A: Limnology Programs in U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: A Survey
TABLE A-1 Survey of Limnology Programs at U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: Summary
|
Survey Question |
|
Number of Schools |
|
Number of faculty members in limnology and related disciplines |
0 |
3 |
|
|
1 |
9 |
|
|
2 |
5 |
|
|
3 |
6 |
|
|
4 |
7 |
|
|
5–10 |
28 |
|
|
11–20 |
5 |
|
|
>20 |
3 |
|
Students obtaining degrees in limnology-related fields each year |
0 |
3 |
|
|
1–5 |
26 |
|
|
6–10 |
12 |
|
|
11–15 |
6 |
|
|
16–20 |
6 |
|
|
>20 |
6 |
|
Level of introductory limnology course |
Freshman/sophomore |
0 |
|
|
Junior/senior/graduate |
59 |
|
|
Graduate only |
4 |
|
Student interest in limnology |
Increasing |
38 |
|
|
Holding steady |
17 |
|
|
Decreasing |
2 |
|
Schools with access to research or field stations |
|
40 |
|
Schools responding to survey |
|
69 |
|
SOURCE: Written surveys sent to schools belonging to the Universities Council on Water Resources or housing a Water Resources Research Institute. See Table A-3 for detailed responses. |
||
TABLE A-2 Departments Housing Faculty Working in Limnology and Related Disciplines
|
Department |
Number of Schools with Limnology-Related Faculty Housed in This Type of Department |
|
Agriculture/soil science |
6 |
|
Biology |
42 |
|
Botany |
12 |
|
Chemistry |
3 |
|
Civil/environmental engineering |
32 |
|
Ecology |
6 |
|
Entomology |
9 |
|
Environmental science/studies |
10 |
|
Fisheries |
17 |
|
Forestry |
10 |
|
Geography |
3 |
|
Geology/geophysics/geoscience |
18 |
|
Hydrology/hydrogeology |
4 |
|
Landscape architecture |
1 |
|
Life science |
2 |
|
Marine science and limnology |
1 |
|
Natural resources |
9 |
|
Oceanography |
3 |
|
Public health |
2 |
|
Rangeland management |
3 |
|
Urban and regional planning |
1 |
|
Zoology |
15 |
|
Zoology and limnology |
1 |
|
SOURCE: Written surveys of schools belonging to the Universities Council on Water Resources or housing U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Research Institutes. See Table A-3 for detailed responses. |
|
TABLE A-3 Limnology Programs at U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: Survey Responses
|
University |
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields |
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields |
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year |
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines |
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course |
Level of Student Interest in Limnology |
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs |
|
Alabama |
Biological sciences Geology Geography Civil and environmental engineering |
Biological sciences Geology Geography Civil and environmental engineering |
10 |
22 |
Once per semester (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Increasing |
One field station |
|
Arizona State |
Zoology Civil engineering |
Zoology Civil engineering |
na |
5 |
Once per year (senior level) |
Increasing |
None |
|
Arkansas |
Biological sciences Zoology Botany Environmental science Civil engineering |
Biological sciences Zoology Botany Environmental science Civil engineering |
5–10 |
3 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Holding steady |
None |
|
Alaska, Fairbanks |
Biology and wildlife Fisheries Marine science and limnology |
Biology and wildlife Marine science and limnology |
na |
3 |
Once per year (senior level) |
Holding steady at high level |
Two ecological research stations |
|
Arizona |
Hydrology and water resources Wildlife and fisheries science |
Hydrology and water resources Wildlife and fisheries science Entomology |
6–8 |
2 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing rapidly |
None |
|
Auburn |
Fisheries and allied aquacultures Zoology |
Fisheries and allied aquacultures Zoology |
5 |
4 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
250 small impoundments used for fish cultures |
|
California, Berkeley |
Civil and environmental engineering Integrated biology Environmental science, planning, and management Landscape architecture |
Civil and environmental engineering Integrated biology Landscape architecture Entomology Geology |
5 |
10 |
Once per semester (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Increasing rapidly |
Two field stations; other labs can be constructed on field sites |
|
California, Davis |
Environmental studies Ecology |
Environmental studies Land, air, and water resources Ecology Hydrology |
10 |
5 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
Two field research stations |
|
California, Irvine |
Ecology and evolutionary biology |
Biological sciences |
None |
1 |
Every other year (junior/senior level) |
na |
None |
|
California, Santa Barbara |
Biological sciences |
Biological sciences Geology Geography |
34 |
5 |
Once per year (junior/senior level) |
Increasing |
Once field lab with many aquatic habitats |
|
Cincinnati |
Biological sciences |
Biological sciences Geology Environmental engineering |
3–5 |
4 |
Every other year (junior/senior level) |
Increasing |
None |
|
University |
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields |
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields |
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year |
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines |
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course |
Level of Student Interest in Limnology |
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs |
|
Clemson |
Biological sciences |
Biological sciences Environmental systems engineering Aquaculture Fisheries and wildlife |
3 |
5 |
Once per year (senior level) |
Holding steady |
Access to Corps of Engineers research facility |
|
Colorado |
Environmental, population, and organismic biology |
Environmental, population, and organismic biology Civil, environmental, and architectural engineering |
2 |
2 |
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Increasing |
One field station |
|
Colorado State |
Biology Fishery and wildlife biology |
Biology Fishery and wildlife biology |
3–4 |
3 |
Three courses offered in alternate years (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
None |
|
Connecticut |
Ecology and evolutionary biology |
Ecology and evolutionary biology Civil engineering Natural resources management and engineering |
8–10 |
3 |
Two courses, offered each year (junior/senior level) |
Increasing |
Marine science field station |
|
Cornell |
Natural resources Ecology and systematics |
Ecology and systematics |
2–3 |
6 |
Every other year (junior/senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
One field station |
|
Drexel |
Bioscience and biotechnology |
Bioscience and biotechnology Environmental studies institute |
2–4 |
1 (plus 3 in related fields) |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Holding steady |
One field station |
|
Duke |
Botany Geology Zoology School of the environment |
Botany Geology Zoology School of the environment |
2 |
5 |
Every other year (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
None |
|
East Carolina |
Biology |
Biology |
20 |
6 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Holding steady |
One field station in development |
|
Georgia |
Forest resources Institute of ecology Botany Entomology Microbiology |
Forest resources Institute of ecology Botany Entomology Microbiology |
10 |
10 |
Once per year (junior/senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
Access to four field labs |
|
Hawaii |
None |
Zoology |
None |
None |
Every other year (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
One rainforest lab |
|
Idaho |
Fish and wildlife Life sciences Hydrogeology Entomology Civil engineering Bacteriology/biochemistry |
Fish and wildlife Life sciences Hydrogeology Entomology Civil engineering Bacteriology/biochemistry |
5 |
4 |
Once per year (senior level) |
Increasing rapidly |
Three field stations |
|
University |
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields |
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields |
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year |
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines |
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course |
Level of Student Interest in Limnology |
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs |
|
Johns Hopkins |
Geography and environmental engineering Earth and planetary sciences |
Geography and environmental engineering Earth and planetary sciences |
5 |
6 |
New course (graduate level) |
na |
na |
|
Kansas |
Biology Systematics and ecology |
Systematics and ecology Entomology Botany |
2 |
8 |
Once per year (junior/senior/graduate level) |
Increasing rapidly |
One large field site with many aquatic systems |
|
Kansas State |
Biology |
Biology |
21 (20 of these are B.S. degrees in fisheries) |
2 |
Every other year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Holding steady |
One field station |
|
Kentucky |
Biological sciences Geological sciences Toxicology Forestry |
Biological sciences Forestry Geological sciences |
20 |
na |
Every two to three years (senior level) |
na |
na |
|
Louisiana |
Biological and agricultural engineering Civil and environmental engineering Oceanography and coastal sciences |
Biological and agricultural engineering Civil and environmental engineering Oceanography and coastal sciences |
100 |
6 |
None |
Increasing in all fields related to the environment |
Natural systems engineering lab; several agricultural experimental stations |
|
Maine |
Plant biology Geological sciences Zoology Wildlife Institute of quaternary studies |
Plant biology Geological sciences Zoology |
0–3 |
5 |
Every other year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Increasing |
One field site |
|
Maryland |
None |
None |
None |
None |
None |
na |
Two estuarine labs |
|
Massachusetts |
Biology Environmental sciences Wildlife and fisheries biology Entomology Geology Plant and soil science Civil engineering Environmental engineering |
Biology Environmental sciences Wildlife and fisheries biology Entomology Geology Plant and soil science Civil engineering Environmental engineering Chemistry Public health Microbiology |
na |
1 limnologist; 16 faculty in related areas |
Every semester (full-year course, junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Decreasing |
None |
|
Michigan State |
Fisheries and wildlife Zoology Botany Resource development |
Fisheries and wildlife Zoology Botany Resource development |
3–4 |
7 |
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Holding steady |
Two field stations |
TABLE A-3 Limnology Programs at U.S. Institutes of Higher Education: Survey Responses (Continued)
|
University |
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields |
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields |
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year |
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines |
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course |
Level of Student Interest in Limnology |
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs |
|
Minnesota, Twin Cities |
Civil engineering Ecology, evolution and behavior Fisheries and wildlife Geology and geophysics Geography Horticulture Soil, water and climate Forest resources Entomology Plant science Public health |
Agricultural engineering Ecology, evolution and behavior Civil engineering Geology and geophysics Entomology Horticulture Soil, water and climate Fisheries and wildlife Biology Plant science Environmental and occupational health |
85 |
65 |
Three courses offered twice per year (junior/senior level) |
Holding steady |
One field station with many aquatic systems, one with experimental stream channels, and one with wetlands |
|
Mississippi State |
Wildlife and fisheries |
Wildlife and fisheries Biological engineering Biological science |
6 |
3 |
Once per year (junior level) |
Holding steady |
One research and extension center |
|
Missouri |
Fisheries and wildlife |
Fisheries and wildlife Biological sciences Civil engineering |
3-5 |
8 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
One field laboratory |
|
Michigan |
Biology Natural resources and environment |
Biology Natural resources and environment |
15–20 graduate students |
6–10 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
One biological research station and many field research preserves |
|
M.I.T. |
Civil and environmental engineering |
Civil and environmental engineering |
5 |
1–2 |
Every other year (graduate level) |
na |
na |
|
Montana |
Biological sciences Environmental studies Wildlife biology |
Biological sciences Environmental studies Wildlife biology Geology |
20 |
20 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
Three large field stations |
|
Montana State |
Biology |
Biology Environmental engineering Microbiology |
10 |
6 |
Once per year (junior/senior level) |
Holding steady |
Field lab in Antarctica |
|
Nebraska |
Forestry, fisheries, and wildlife Biological sciences |
Forestry, fisheries, and wildlife Biological sciences |
20–23 |
1 |
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Increasing |
One field station |
|
Nevada, Las Vegas |
Biological sciences |
Biological sciences Geological sciences/ hydrology |
5–10 |
5 |
Once per year (junior/senior level) |
Holding steady |
None |
|
New Hampshire |
Biology Natural resources |
Biology Natural resources Botany |
na |
3 |
Once per year (senior level) |
na |
na |
|
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology |
Geoscience |
Geoscience Biology Chemistry |
15 (hydrology) |
1 |
None |
na |
None |
|
University |
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields |
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields |
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year |
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines |
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course |
Level of Student Interest in Limnology |
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs |
|
New Mexico State |
Interdisciplinary |
Fishery and wildlife sciences Civil engineering |
10 |
1 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Holding steady |
None |
|
New York, Syracuse |
Environmental and forest biology |
Forestry Chemistry |
2–3 |
1 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
Many field stations and research sites |
|
North Carolina, Chapel Hill |
Environmental science and engineering Biological sciences |
Environmental science and engineering Biological sciences Marine science Geology Urban and regional planning |
4–6 |
5 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Decreasing |
None |
|
North Carolina State |
Zoology Botany Forestry Fisheries and wildlife Crop science Biomathematics Ecology Eivil engineering Biological and agricultural engineering |
Zoology Botany Forestry Civil engineering Biological and agricultural engineering |
15 |
6 |
Once per year (senior level) |
Increasing |
Two reservoirs, one farm pond |
|
North Dakota State |
Zoology |
Zoology |
13 |
2 |
Every other year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Increasing |
Access to Northern Prairie Science Center |
|
Northern Illinois |
Not taught at this institution |
na |
na |
na |
na |
na |
na |
|
Ohio State |
Zoology Natural resources |
Zoology Natural resources Geology Entomology Civil engineering |
20 |
4 |
Twice per year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Increasing |
Field labs on Lake Erie, reservoirs, wetlands |
|
Oklahoma State |
Zoology |
Zoology Botany Civil and environmental engineering |
3 |
2–3 |
Every other year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Holding steady |
None |
|
Penn State |
Environmental resource management |
Civil/ environmental engineering Biology Forest resources |
na |
5 |
Once per year (senior level) |
na |
None |
|
Puerto Rico, Mayaguez |
Biology |
Biology |
None |
1 |
Once per year (graduate level) |
Holding steady |
None |
|
Purdue |
Forestry and natural resources |
Forestry and natural resources Botany and plant pathology Entomology Environmental engineering Biological science |
4 |
1 |
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Increasing interest in water quality |
One field station; nearby river; experimental watershed |
|
University |
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields |
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields |
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year |
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines |
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course |
Level of Student Interest in Limnology |
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs |
|
Rutgers |
Biology Ecology Environmental sciences |
Biology Environmental sciences Natural resources |
5 or fewer |
4 |
Every other year (junior/senior level) |
Increasing |
None |
|
South Dakota State |
Wildlife and fisheries sciences Civil and environmental engineering Biology/ microbiology Agricultural engineering |
Wildlife and fisheries sciences Biology/ microbiology Civil engineering Plant science |
3–4 |
8 |
Once per year (junior/senior level) |
Holding steady (some increase in wetland ecology) |
One field station |
|
South Florida |
Biology Civil engineering |
Biology Geology Civil engineering |
1 |
5 |
Every third year (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
None |
|
Tennessee |
Ecology Zoology Fisheries |
Ecology Zoology Botany Forestry, wildlife, and fisheries Environmental engineering |
3–7 |
8 |
Once per year (junior level) |
Holding steady |
None |
|
Texas, Arlington |
Biology Environmental science and engineering |
Biology Civil and environmental engineering |
4–9 |
4 (biology department) |
Once per year or every other year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Increasing |
None |
|
Texas, Austin |
Zoology Biological sciences |
Zoology Civil engineering |
20 |
5 or fewer |
Once per year (junior/senior level) |
na |
None |
|
Texas A & M |
Oceanography Wildlife and fisheries |
Wildlife and fisheries Oceonography Rangeland ecology and management |
30 |
5 |
Once per year (junior/senior level) |
Holding steady |
None |
|
Texas Tech |
Civil engineering Environmental engineering Environmental technology management Range and wildlife management Fisheries and wildlife management |
Civil engineering Range and wildlife management Biological sciences |
10 |
13 |
Once per year (graduate level) |
Increasing |
One field station |
|
Utah State |
Biology Fisheries and wildlife Aquatic ecology Watershed science Civil and environmental engineering |
Biology Fisheries and wildlife Range science Forestry Civil and environmental engineering Soil science |
13 |
11 |
Once per year (junior/senior level) |
Increasing |
One field laboratory |
|
University |
Departments Offering Degrees in Limnology-related Fields |
Departments Housing Faculty in Limnology-related Fields |
Students in Limnology-related Fields Graduating Each Year |
Faculty in Limnology and Related Disciplines |
Frequency of Introductory Limnology Course |
Level of Student Interest in Limnology |
Availability of Limnological Research Stations or Labs |
|
Vermont |
Natural resources |
Natural resources |
5 or fewer |
1 |
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
na |
na |
|
Virginia Military Institute |
None |
None |
na |
na |
na |
na |
na |
|
Virginia Tech |
Biology Fisheries and wildlife |
Biology Fisheries and wildlife Civil engineering |
na |
15 |
Once per year (senior/graduate level) |
Increasing |
None |
|
Washington State |
Natural resources science Environmental science Environmental engineering |
Civil and environmental engineering Natural resources science Zoology-limnology |
10–15 |
6 |
Every semester (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Increasing |
Several lakes and reservoirs |
|
Wisconsin, Madison |
Oceanography and limnology graduate program Zoology Botany Geology Water chemistry program Environmental studies |
Botany Geology and geophysics Civil and environmental engineering Zoology Environmental studies |
5–10 |
22 |
Once per year (junior/senior/ graduate level) |
Increasing |
One field station |
