Radiation and the International Space Station: Recommendations to Reduce Risk (2000)
Chapter: Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations
Appendix D
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACE
Advanced Composition Explorer (NASA research spacecraft)
AFRL
Air Force Research Laboratory
ALARA
as low as reasonably achievable (operational flight rule for radiation management)
APEXRAD
model of radiation dose based on APEX satellite data
BFO
blood-forming organs
CEPPAD
comprehensive energetic particle and pitch angle distribution
CIR
corotating interaction regions
CME
coronal mass ejection
CPD
crew passive dosimeter
CRRES
Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (NASA research satellite)
CRRESELE
model of electron radiation belts based on CRESS data
CRRESPRO
model of proton radiation belts based on CRRES data
CRRESRAD
model of radiation doses based on CRRES data
DMSP
Defense Meteorology Satellite Program (a suite of polar-orbiting DOD satellites)
DOD
Department of Defense
DOE
Department of Energy
DOI
Department of the Interior
EIT
Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope
ESA
European Space Agency
EUV
extreme ultraviolet
EVA
extravehicular activity—astronauts in space suits outside a shuttle or station
FAST
Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer
GCR
galactic cosmic ray
GeV
gigaelectronvolt (unit of energy = 1,000 MeV)
GOES
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (NOAA)
GSFC
Goddard Space Flight Center
Gy
gray (unit of radiation)
HESSI
High Energy Spectroscopic Imager (NASA research spacecraft)
HRE
highly relativistic electron
HZE
high z energetic particle, i.e., high-atomic-number particle
IMEX
Inner Magnetospheric Explorer
IMF
interplanetary magnetic field
IMP
Interplanetary Monitoring Program
ISS
International Space Station
ISTP
International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (a NASA program)
JPL
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
JSC
Johnson Space Center (the NASA center responsible for ISS and shuttle operations)
Kp
index of geomagnetic activity
L1
First Lagrangian point. Lagrangian points are points between two orbiting masses in which the gravitational pulls from both bodies are balanced exactly with the centripetal force required to rotate with them. Objects at these points then orbit at a constant distance from both masses.
LASCO
Large Angle and Spectrometic Coronagraph Experiment
LEM
lunar excursion module
LEO
low earth orbit, referring to a class of satellites
MCC
Mission Control Center
MeV
million electron volts (unit of energy)
MHD
magnetohydrodynamic
MSC
Manned Spacecraft Center
MSFC
Marshall Space Flight Center
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NCRP
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NRA
NASA Research Announcement
NSF
National Science Foundation
NSSDC
National Space Science Data Center, located at GSFC
NSWP
National Space Weather Program
OTTI
Orbiting Technology Testbed Initiative (program within SEE)
POES
Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (NOAA)
POLAR
a high-altitude, polar-orbiting research satellite (NASA)
RBE
relative biological effectiveness
RPC
Rapid Prototyping Center at SEC and AFRL for expediting the transitioning of research into operations
SAA
South Atlantic Anomaly
SAMPEX
Solar Anomalous Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (NASA research satellite)
SEC
Space Environment Center (NOAA)
SEE
Space Environment Effects program at MSFC
SOHO
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (ESA/NASA research satellite)
SPAN
Solar Particle Alert Network
SPE
solar particle event
SRAG
Space Radiation Analysis Group (at Johnson Space Center)
Sv
sievert (unit of radiation)
SWOP
Space Weather Operations Center (at NOAA's SEC)
STEREO
Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (NASA research spacecraft)
SXI
Solar X-ray Imager
TCEP
tissue-equivalent proportional counter
USAF
United States Air Force
