A factor, 51, 194

Aagaard, 12

Aberdeen University, 152

Acanthodian fishes, 17-18, 120, 134, 143, 145, 146, 196, 199

Access to deep-field areas, 7-8, 147

Acy Deucy bar, 52-53

Adelie Land, 73-74, 95

Adelie penguins, 75-77, 78

Adolphspoort formation (S. Africa), 18

Africa, continental drift, 3

Ahlberg, Per, 176-177

Airdevron 6 ice falls, 86

Airplane crash, 32

Alexander, John, 37, 39

Alexander Terrane, 199

Allen, Scott, 88

Allibone, Andrew, 38, 50, 58, 60, 62, 65

Alligator Peak, 143, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170

Alligator Ridge, 166, 168-171, 172

Allosaurus, 17

Alone(book), 215

Amphibian fossils, 176-177

Amundsen, Raold, 6, 11, 14, 31, 78

Anachronistes, 199

ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions), 68-69, 124, 216

Anareodus staitei, 124

Ankylosaur, 16, 86

Antarctaspis mcmurdoensis, 179

Antarctic(ship), 5, 13, 99

Antarctic Circle, 5

Antarctic Conquest(book), 42-43

Antarctic Development Squadron Six (VX-6), 30-31

Antarctic Heritage Trust, 37

Antarctic Peninsula, 13, 16, 47, 86

Antarctic Times(newsletter), 48-49

Antarctic Treaty, 19, 221

Antarctica

access to deep-field areas, 7-8, 147

airplane crash, 32

Australian Territory, 7, 68

biomass of, 36, 220-221

cars in, 6

dinosaurs in, 16-17, 82, 86, 113

discovery of, 2, 4, 5

electric shocks (static electricity) in, 35

exhibition, 216

fish species, 36, 220-221

forests, 3-4

formation of, 2, 3

fossils found in, 12, 12, 13-14

fresh water, 19, 220

human habitation of, 219-221

likes and dislikes about, 227-228

mythological background, 4-5

natural resources, 19-21, 219-220

nuclear power in, 35-36

sand dunes in, 61

size of, 18-19

tourism, 20-21, 32, 221-222

women in, 9-10

Antarctica and Back in 60 Days (book), 165

Antarctilamma prisca, 194, 197

Antarctos, 4

Arabia, 3

Archaean rocks, 2

Archaeocyathids, 13, 46

Archaeosigillaria, 103

Arctos (star), 4

Argentina, 16, 103

Aristotle, 4

Arresting technique, 39-40, 42

Art exhibition, 37

Arthrodiran placoderms, 123

Arthropods

giant, 152, 153

walking on dry land, 153

Asgaard Range, 50, 58, 62

Asgaard Rangers, 63

Augustana College, 17

Aurora (ship), 73-74

Australia

Antarctic Division, 68

Antarctic Territory, 7, 68

continental drift rate, 3

fossil fish fauna, 8, 118, 120, 147, 179, 198, 199-200

Gondwana and, 3, 8, 16, 47, 133, 147, 160, 170, 216

plant fossils, 16

Tumblagooda Sandstone, 152-153

women in Antarctica, 10

Australian National University, 8, 59

Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-14), 7, 45, 46, 82, 129

Australian Museum, 8, 175

Austrophyllolepsis, 118, 122

Avalanches, ix, 186, 187, 223

Ayres, Harry, 110

Aztec Siltstone, 66

on Alligator Ridge, 166, 168

in Boomerang Range, 157, 158

calcareous layers, 196

characteristics of, 83, 104, 116, 132

in Cook Mountains, 65, 92

dating of, 170

Devonian fish fossils, 14, 18, 50, 104, 160, 170, 199-200

discovery in Antarctica, 92

in Dry Valleys, 64

at Fault Bluff, 117-118, 120, 125

on Gorgon's Head, 102, 104, 106

measurements, 134, 146

on Mt. Crean, 196, 197-198

on Mt. Gudmundson, 132, 133, 134

on Mt. Ritchie, 142, 146

origin of name, 9

at Portal Mountain, 178, 190

on Seay Peak, 138

shark fossils in, 198

Aztecodus harmsenae, 197-198

Bach, Richard, 127, 129

Bages, 164

Balaena (ship), 12

BANZARE (British-Australian-New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition) , 1, 7

Barbecues, 40-41, 44

Barber, Noel, 23, 80

Barnes Glacier, 81

Barrett, Peter, 108

“Barrier Silence,”

Barrydale-Ladismith region (S. Africa), 170

Barwick, Richard E., 59

Barwick Valley, 59

Bathing, 157

Baynes, 164

Beach parties, 34

Beacon Heights, 107-108

Beacon Heights Orthoquartzite, 125, 133, 153, 158

Beacon Supergroup, 50, 59, 85, 87, 96, 105-106, 108, 113

Beaconites, 107-108, 117, 125, 135, 153, 170

B. antarcticus, 107, 108

B. barretti, 106, 107, 108

Beardmore Glacier, 7, 13, 14, 15-16, 91

Beelarongia, 161

Berlin Natural History Museum, 189

Biomass of Antarctica, 36, 220-221

Black Island, 34

Blizzards, 1, 43, 88

in Adelie Land, 95

deaths during, 15

during deep-field expeditions, 92-94, 156, 162

health concerns, 2, 15, 195

meteorological conditions, 95, 97, 98, 158, 192, 195

on polar plateau, 2

sledging in, 92-94

tent-bound activities during, 156-163, 194, 195

tent erection in, 24, 94

Blubber stove, 27

Blue ice, 92, 138, 139, 157-158, 160, 174

“Boomerang” flights, 32

Boomerang Range, 49, 50, 66, 146, 151, 155, 156, 157, 162, 166, 170, 182, 185, 186

Boomeraspis, 170

Borchgrevink, Carsten, 5-6

Bothriolepis, 86-87, 119-120, 123, 124, 125, 134, 170, 175, 189, 197

B. mawsoni, 145

Bowden, Tim, 165

Bowers, 7, 43, 188

Bradshaw, John, 10

Bradshaw, Margaret, 166, 177, 204, 209, 210

cooking skills, 105, 111, 139, 151, 164, 165, 174, 191

cross-country skiing, 66

on Darwin Glacier, 44, 48-49, 50, 65, 89, 165, 202

to Escalade Peak, 150

expeditions, 9, 10-11, 23, 38, 68, 165

expertise, 10, 88, 105-106, 108, 124, 135

at Fault Bluff, 117, 124, 126

fossil collections/discoveries, 9, 105-106, 107, 109, 135, 152, 170

at Gorgon's Head, 93, 104, 105-106, 107, 109

on McCleary Glacier, 111

on Mt. Gudmundson, 133, 134

on Mt. Ritchie, 145

on Mulock Glacier, 139

personal characteristics, 9, 105, 119, 179, 190

at Portal Mountain, 182, 189

species named for, 189

British Antarctic Expedition, 6, 75, 77

British Antarctic Survey, Marine Life Sciences Division , 221

British Natural History Museum (London), 15, 176-177, 179, 198, 199, 215

Brown, Harold, 131

Buckley Island, 188

Bull, Henryk, 5-6

Bull Pass, 60, 61

Butson, 42-43

Byrd Polar Research Center, 17

Byrd, Richard (Admiral), xiv, 172, 173, 187, 215

Byrd, Robert, 12

Calcareous nodules, 196

California State University at Fresno, 23

Cambrian fossils, 13, 16, 46-47

Campbell, Ken S., 59

Campbell, Victor, 27, 76

Canada, 199

Canowindra (NSW), 160

Canowindra, 160-161, 176

Canterbury Museum, 9, 10

Canterbury University, 10

Cape Adare, 5-6

Cape Byrd, 43

Cape Crozier, 188

Cape Denison, 95, 203

Cape Evans, 75, 78-80

Cape Royds, 75, 76, 78

Carboniferous deposits, 124, 199

Carlyon, Roy, 110

Carrera, Dave, 33

Cars in Antarctica, 6, 77

Cedarberg Mountains (S. Africa), 18

Chalet mobile house, 40, 52, 66

Chaplin, George, 217

Cherry-Garrard, Apsley, xii, 43, 177, 188

Christchurch (NZ), 210

US Naval Air Base, 30

Windsor Hotel, 29-30

Christmas

celebrations, 52-55, 159, 161, 162, 164-165

feasts, 54-55, 155, 164, 165

gift exchanges, 165

poem, 163

Chondrichthyans, 200

Churchill Mountains, 90

Circumpolar current, 4

Clichy-Peterson, Harry, 42-43

Climate variations, 19-20

Clothing, protective, 2, 24, 30, 37, 43, 68, 93, 98, 216

Cocktails, 148, 151, 159, 164-165, 174, 179, 190

Coelacanths, 160

Colbert, Edwin H., 16

Commercial ships, 222

Commonwealth Bay, 7

Commonwealth Transantarctic Expedition, 33

Confucius, 22

conodont microfossils, 153

Continental drift, 2-3, 8, 11, 14;

see also Gondwana

Cook, James, 5

Cook Mountains, xii, 9, 65, 85, 91, 94-95, 96, 110, 125, 134, 136

Corbett, Dennis, 62

Correll, Perry, 73-74

Cosmine, 175-176

Crampons, 41, 105, 146, 186, 196, 197

Crean, 193, 194

Cretaceous Period, 3

Crevasses, ix, 22, 86, 178

anchoring techniques, 41-42

detection of, 41, 48, 84, 112, 114, 138, 187

falls into, 100, 110, 181, 184-185, 187, 190, 214-215, 223

fields, 88, 89, 92, 111, 112, 114, 151, 169, 172, 190

formation of, 85, 137-138

ice bridges, 41, 89

navigation of, 112, 114, 121, 121, 138, 155, 186, 191, 197

prussocking out of, 38, 41-42

rescue/recovery from, 24, 42-43, 101, 110, 181

and sledging, 138

small, 105, 121, 138, 197

view from, 81

Crinoids, 36

Cross-country skiing, 66, 208

Crossopterygian fishes, 160, 175

Cruise of the Antarctic (book), 5-6

Cryogenics, 20

Cryolophosaurus ellioti, 17, 86

Culmacanthus, 146

C. antarctica, 147

Dais structure, 61-62, 64

Dalziel, Ian, 47

Darlington, Harry, 10

Darlington, Jennie, 10

Darwin, Charles, 11, 90

Darwin Glacier, 38, 48-49, 85, 89-90, 91, 92, 110, 111, 123, 136, 181

Darwin Mountains, 65, 85

Dating of sedimentary sequences/rocks, 2, 18, 122, 152, 170

David, Edgeworth, 6, 13

Deaths of explorers, 7, 15, 183

Debenham, Frank, 14

Deception Glacier, 138, 146, 147-148, 149, 150, 161

Deep-field expeditions, 46

A factor, 51, 194

access to areas, 7-8, 147

adjustment to return from, 205, 206-212, 213

bathing, 157

blizzard conditions, 92-94, 156, 162

cocktails, 148, 151, 159, 164-165, 174, 179, 190

days lost to bad weather, 182

food, 94-95, 105, 108, 109, 114, 144, 145, 146, 148, 150, 151, 155, 161, 164, 190, 191, 202

group dynamics, 126, 139, 165-166, 169, 190

health issues, 14, 22, 24-25, 26, 151, 159, 184, 194, 195, 203

laundry operations, 46, 157

lavatory facilities, 139-141, 162-163, 194, 209

logistic support, 67-68, 72, 83, 108, 116, 135, 136, 147, 150, 156

New Year's celebrations, 179-180

positioning, 8

pullout/pick-up, 191, 195, 196-197, 201-202, 203-205

radio communications, 24, 27, 89-90, 94, 122-123, 162, 164, 180

recon flights, 83, 84-87, 112, 196-197, 200

recreation, 109, 111-112, 119, 125, 156-157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 179-180, 190, 191, 195

retrieval of gear, 205-206

route markers, 84, 85, 189, 157-158

sledging flags, 86-87

survival training, 37-38, 39-41, 69, 72-73

tent-bound activities during, 156-163, 194, 195

women, 9-10

Dental work.

See also Teeth preparation for Antarctica, 22-23

self-performed, 24

Derycke Park meteorite, 65

Devonian period, 17

amphibians, 176

bivalves, 10

Early Devonian, 106, 152, 199

fishes, 8-9, 13-14, 14, 18, 50, 104, 160, 170, 199-200

land, 153

sedimentary rock, 59, 120

sharks, 189

trace fossils, 50

Dinosaurs, 3, 195

in Antarctica, 16-17, 82, 86, 113

Diplichnites, 153

Diprotodon, 163

Discovery expedition (1901-1904), 6, 11, 36-37, 58, 90, 99, 107-108

Discovery of Antarctica, 2, 4, 5

Dogs.

See also Huskies crevasse accidents, 110

as food, 100, 155

Dolfin fossils, 16

Doliodus, 199

Dolorite, 113, 114, 127, 148, 174, 178, 184

Don Juan Pond, 64

Don the Magician, 53

Doyle, Martin, 58, 60, 62

Drinking water, 2

Dry Valleys, 49-50, 56, 57-62, 178

Durmont D'Urville, 65-66

Early Devonian, 106, 152, 199

Early Jurassic sandstones, 17

Early Oligocene epoch, 3

Echos, 81

Electric shocks in Antarctica, 35, 208

Elgin (Scotland), 176-177

Elginerpeton, 176-177

Elliot, David, 17

Emergency caches, 80, 100, 101, 174

Emperor penguins, 43, 76, 79, 188, 216

Enderby Land, 2

Endorsement of brand names, 77

Endurance (ship), 137

Engine maintenance, 24

Environmental protection measures, 2, 19-20, 35-36, 51, 52, 221-222

Erebus (ship), 29

Erebus Ice Tongue, 81

Escalade Peak, 149, 150-154, 155

Euphasia superba, 220

Euramerica, 177

Europe

continental drift, 3

Old Red Sandstone fossils, 14

phlyctaenioid arthrodires, 170

placoderm fossils, 118

Eurypterid tracks, 152, 153

Evans, Lt., 15, 193-194

Extinction events, 193

Facies, 132

Falloon, Garth, 180

Famennian stage, 170

Farthest North, 209

Fault Bluff, 113, 114, 116-126

Festive Plateau, 86, 110, 111, 113

Field cookery

corned beef curry, 191

Deception Irish Cream, 148, 229-230

dehydrated meals, 62, 105, 109, 145, 150, 159, 194, 202

desserts, 146, 151, 164, 174, 190

dog soup, 155

fresh foods, 146

hoosh, 100

Mock Kar-lua, 151, 230

peppermint chicken, 177

recipes, 229-230

roast lamb dinner, 94-95

sweet-and-sour saveloys, 62

Thai satay beef with khao padt, 159

Finger Ranges, 135, 137

Fischer Catering, 44

Fish of Antarctica, 36, 220-221;

see also Fish fossils

Fish fossils.

See also specific genus

Australian fauna, 8, 118, 120, 147, 179, 198, 199-200

castings, 56, 135

Devonian period, 8, 10, 13-14, 17, 104, 117, 120

dispersal routes, 120

first discovery in Antarctica, 13-14

living, 160

lobe-finned, 17, 119-120, 160-161, 175-177, 197

packing of specimens, 124, 135

ray-finned, 18

sites, 32, 64, 65, 91, 92, 169, 178

Fish Hotel, 122-125

Fitzgerald, Paul, 122, 180, 205

Flannery, Tim, 36

Floodplain environments, ancient, 168

Food, 2, 142.

See also Field cookery

barbecues, 40-41, 44

box lunches, 31-32, 69

breakfast, 181-182

cocktails, 148, 151, 159, 164-165, 174, 179, 190, 229-230

dehydrated, 62, 145, 150, 159, 194

dogs as, 100, 155

dreams of, 45, 46, 100

early expeditions, 77, 80, 99, 155, 165

emergency caches, 80, 100, 101, 174

fresh resupplies, 145, 146, 165, 174

holiday feasts, 54-55, 155, 164, 174, 179

hoosh, 100

meat preservation, 169, 174

NZARP boxes, 98-99, 106, 174

pemmican, 99, 100, 101

penguins as, 27, 76, 99, 220

product endorsements, 77

psychological role, 98, 101, 144, 185

recovery from crevasses, 110

at Scott Base, 35, 82

seals as, 27, 37, 52, 76, 99, 220

shortages/rationing, 161, 163

skuas as, 129

sledging rations, 99, 101

Food chain, 36, 220

Forests, Antarctic, 4

Formation of Antarctica, 2, 3

Forsyth, Jane, 38

Fossil-bearing rocks, 9, 11.

See also Aztec Siltstone;

other specific types

dating of, 18, 152, 170

fish-bearing horizons, 104

weathering action on, 176

Fossils.

See also Fish fossils;

specific genus

erosion of, 143-144

extraction from rock, 134

first found in Antarctica, 12, 13-14

locations of, 8-9, 11, 13, 17, 32, 46, 64, 142-144

uses of, 18-19, 120

Four-corners philosophy, 218

Foyn, Svend, 5

Fram (ship), 78

Frasnian Stage, 170, 177

Fresh water, 19, 220

Frostbite, 14, 24-25, 26, 203

Frostnip, 25, 195

Fuchs, Vivian (Sir), 28

Fuelwood, 40-41

Geddes, David, 140-141, 209

Gemmel, Nikki, 183

Geological Society of Ireland, 215

Gillespie, Grant, 49

Givetian stage, 170

Glacial deposits, 13, 14, 64, 133, 143, 158

Glacial melt rivers, 61

Glacier crossing techniques, 41

Glossopteris, 16

Glycopeptides, 36

Glyptonotus, 36

Goddard, E.J., 13

Gondwana, 11

Australia and, 3, 8, 16, 47, 133, 147, 160, 170, 216

biogeographic links, 8, 16, 18, 47, 103, 118, 160-161, 216

biostratigraphic links, 133, 170

conferences, 68

endemic fish fossils, 176, 179, 199

formation, 2-3

India and, 3, 16, 133

North America and, 3, 47, 177

South Africa and, 16, 133, 216

Gordon, W.T., 13

Gorgon's Head, 91, 92, 96, 97, 102-109, 116, 150, 152

Granite Harbour, 14

Granulitic rocks, 2

Greenland

Devonian rocks, 120

placoderm fossils, 118

Greenpeace Base, 78, 80-81

Groenlandaspis, 119, 120, 124, 170, 179, 196, 197

Group dynamics, 126, 139, 165-166, 169, 190

Gunn, Bernie, 179, 198

Gyracanthides, 118, 120

Hagglunds snowmobile, 39

Hammer, William, 17

Hampe, Oliver, 189

Haplostigma lineare, 103

Harmsen, Fraka, 93, 150, 174, 177, 191, 204, 209-210

Christmas celebrations, 164, 166

cooking skills, 202

expertise, 23, 85, 120-121, 131

at Fault Bluff, 117, 120-121, 124

at Gorgon's Head, 104, 107, 109

on Lashly Glacier, 201

on Mt. Gudmundson, 131, 133

on Mt. Ritchie, 145

personal characteristics, 23, 119

at Portal Mountain, 182, 191

Harrington, Larry, 107

Harrowfield, David, 37

Hatherton, Trove, 106

Hatherton Sandstone, 106, 107, 125, 151-152, 153

Hawke, Bob, 162

Hawkes, William “Trigger,” 31

Health issues.

See also Psychological challenges

blizzards, 2, 15, 195

on deep-field expeditions, 14, 22, 24-25, 26, 151, 159, 184, 194, 195, 203

dehydrated foods, 194

diary entry, 151

frostbite and frostnip, 14, 24-25, 26, 195, 203

hypothermia, 25-26, 99

medical checkups, 22-23

medical emergencies, 26

nutritional/metabolic, 6, 45, 46, 61, 100-101, 184, 194, 213—214

personal hygiene, 24, 151, 157, 212

snow blindness, 159

teeth, problems with, 23, 71

Heimdall Glacier, 63

Heimdallia, 62, 153

Helicopters, 31, 63, 65

area accessible with, 7

crashes, 65-66

dangers of riding in, 59

familiarization course, 26

food/supply drops, 156

landing on ice, 89

loading and unloading, 88, 89, 137, 138

NZ01, 156

skidoo transport, 135

Henare, John, 49

Hercules (C-130), 31, 182

areas accessible by, 7-8

Cargo Cult, 201

landing hazards, 30, 48, 200-201, 204

recon, 196-197

recovery of XD-03, 65-66

runway areas, 201—202, 203-204

XD-01, 203

XRD-04, 202

Hickerson, William, 17

Hillary, Edmund, 28

Hills, Edwin Sherbon, 118

Historic huts, xiii, 15, 36-37, 75, 77, 78-80

Holocephalans, 200

Homesickness, 24, 54, 97, 126, 156-157, 165, 188

“Honey pot”, 58

Hoosh, 100

Hope Bay, 13

Hornibrook Symposium, 9

Horseshoe crab, 107

Human habitation of Antarctica, 219-221

Huskies, 51-52, 59, 77-78

Hut Point, 36

Hydroponic agriculture, 220

Hypervitaminosis A, 100-101

Hypothermia, 25-26, 99

Hypsilophodontids, 16

Ice bridges, 41, 89

Ice caps, 4

Ice casts, 135

Ice caves, 27, 40, 41, 76, 81-82

Ice falls, 85, 86, 111, 112, 113

Ice floes, 81

Ice ridges, 133

Ice rivers, 112, 113

Ice sheet, Antarctic, 19, 34, 38, 58

Ice shelf, 57

Ice tongues, 32, 81

Ice walls, 59, 81

Ice waves, 121

Icebergs, 77, 78

Igloos, 40, 41, 81

Immersion foot, 24

India, continental drift, 3, 16, 133

Indonesia, living fossil fishes, 160

International Geophysical Year (IGY), 10, 33, 35, 58, 198

Iran, 216

Ireland, placoderm fish fossils, 120

Isolation, 24, 97

isopod, giant marine, 156

James Cook University, 92

James Ross Island.

See Ross Island

Jason (ship), 12

Johnston, David, 215

Joly, 4

Jonathan Livingston Seagull, 127, 129

Junction Spur Sandstone, 96, 107, 150

Jurassic plant fossils, 13

Kalbarri (W. Australia), 108, 152

Kanak Peak, 126, 128

Karate, 217-218

Karratha, 163-164

Keating, Paul, 162

Kenyite, 81

Killer whales, 57

Kiwis, 44, 53, 71, 162

Klipbokkop formation (S. Africa), 18

Koharolepis, 160-161, 176

Kohn, Barry, 147

Krill, 220-221

Labyrinth, 84

Land bridges, 3

Lake Tekapo (NZ), 23-24

Lake Vanda, 55

characteristics, 58-59, 64, 84

swim club, 63-64, 72

Lake Vashka, 59

Lake Victoria, 50, 58, 59, 60

Lake Vida, 59

Larsen, Carl, 12

Lashly, 193, 194

Lashly Glacier, 191, 192, 201, 205

Lashly Ranges, 191, 192, 193, 194, 197

Late Devonian, 103, 118, 170, 198, 200

Late Eocene epoch, 3

Late Ordovician age, 153

Latimeria, 160

Laundry operations, 46, 157

Lava tongues, 33

Lavatory facilities, deep-field, 70, 139-141, 162-163, 194, 209

Leonodus, 199

Limestone fossils, 196

Logistic support for expeditions, 67-68, 72, 83, 108, 116, 135, 136, 147, 150, 156

Lord Howe Rise, 3

Lord of the Rings, 126

Lovecraft, H.P., xii, 1, 4, 57, 102, 109, 125, 142, 149, 168, 193, 207, 213

Lungfishes, 17, 196

Lycophytes (lycopods), 103, 120

Mackay Glacier, 14

Malanzania, 103

Marsupial fossil, 163

Massive Attack, 223

Mawson, Douglas

Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-14), 7, 45, 46, 82, 129

BANZARE (1929-31), 1, 7

base area, xiii, 95

on blizzards, 88, 95

British Antarctic Expedition ( 1907-09), 6

crevasse accident, 181

food/starvation, 45, 46, 99, 100-101, 155, 165, 203

emperor penguin, 216

health, 203

Polar Plungers Club, 73-74

sledging rations, 99

species named for, 145

McCleary Glacier, 84, 85, 86, 89, 108, 110-115

McCormick, Robert, 29

McKelvey Valley, 60

McLoughlin, Steve, 102

McMurdo district fossils, 16

McMurdo Base (Mactown), 23, 32, 35-37, 44, 46, 52-54, 56, 81, 86, 147, 178

McMurdodus featherenesis, 198-199

McNamara, Ken J., 108, 163

Medical emergencies, 26

Medical tests for Antarctica, 22-23

Melbourne University, 118

Men and Dinosaurs (book), 16

Mertz, Xavier, 7, 100, 101

Metaxygnathus, 176

Meteorites, 65, 216

Meteorology of Antarctica

conditions associated with blizzards, 95, 97, 98, 158, 192, 195

recordings, 63

temperature extremes, 116, 118-119, 120, 122, 134, 135, 142, 150, 151, 194, 202

wind-chill factors, 82, 87, 96, 156, 194

wind speeds, 57-58, 79, 82, 92, 95, 97, 145, 147, 160, 164, 166, 194, 195

Middle Devonian, 177, 198, 199, 200

Middle East, 3, 120

Mikkelsen, Caroline, 10

Mollusk fossils, 46, 47

Monash University, 215

Moody Peak, 148, 149

Moreton Bay bugs, 135

Morgan, Gary, 156

Mountain climbing, 24, 38, 133-134, 196

Mt. Adam, 122

Mt. Ayres, 110

Mt. Crean, 85, 176, 192, 193, 194-196

Mt. Erebus, 6, 32, 33, 56, 75, 78, 81

Mt. Feather, 198

Mt. Fleming, 64, 84, 85, 177-178, 195

Mt. Gudmundson, 107, 126, 131-136

Mt Howitt (Australia), 118, 120, 122, 146-147, 161, 170

Mt. Hughes, 91, 110

Mt. Kirkpatrick, 17, 86, 91

Mt. Kohn, 146, 147

Mt. Longhurst, 91, 96, 110

Mt. Metschel, 85, 160, 173-177, 190, 195

Mt. Nickell, 59

Mt. Odin, 62, 63

Mt. Ritchie, 123, 138, 142-144, 147

Mt. Suess, 14

Mudstone, 175, 189, 197

Mulock Glacier, 85, 110, 112-113, 125, 126, 128, 135, 136, 137-141, 202

Mummified seals, 61

My Antarctic Honeymoon (book), 10

Mythological background of Antarctica, 4-5

Nansen, Fridtjof, 67, 209

National Geographic Society of America, 11, 68

National Science Foundation (US), 52, 64-65

Natural resources of Antarctica, 19-21, 219-220

Nematodes, 20

Neoselachians, 193, 199

Neptune, Joseph Entrains, 31

New Mountain Sandstone, 62

New South Wales, 176

New Year's celebrations, 63-64, 179-180

New Zealand.

See also NZARP

Air Force, 26, 58, 200

Antarctic Division, 30

gear, 68

Science Department, 58

Night travel, 171, 172-173

Nimrod expedition, 13

Ninnis, Lt., 7, 100

Nordenskjöld, Otto, 12-13, 99

North America

continental drift, 3, 47

phlyctaenioid arthrodires, 170

placoderm fish fossils, 120

Notorhizodon, 160

Notothenia, 36

Nuclear power in Antarctica, 35-36

NZARP (New Zealand Antarctic Research Program)

expeditioners, 48, 59

field leaders, 71

food supplies, 98-99, 106, 174

funding for expedition, 11

group K5076, 122-123, 180, 205

medical assessments of expeditioners, 22—23

1990-91 season, 67-68

Scott Base administration, 55

visits to deep-field expeditions, 140-141

Oates, Lawrence “Titus,” 183

Observation Hill (Cape Evans), 80

Observation Hill (McMurdo), 44

Odin Valley, 62, 63

Okinawa, 217

Old Red Sandstone, 14, 152

Olympus Range, 50, 58

On Origin of Species (book), 11, 90

One Ton Depot, 7, 15

Onyx River, 59, 61

Operation Deep-Freeze, 31

Ordovician rocks, 62

Ore bodies, 132

Ornithopod fossils, 86

Osteolepidids, 120

Osteolepiformes, 161, 176

Otoliths, 118

Oxygen isotope ratios, 20

Ozone layer, hole, 20

Pack ice, 13, 76, 137

Paintin, Ian, 34, 35, 37

Palaeogeography, 47.

See also Gondwana

Palaeosols, 168

Paleozoic Era, 143

Palmer, Nathaniel, 5

Panderichthyids, 176, 177

Parahelia, 172, 173

Paulett Island, 13, 99

Pemmican, 99, 100, 101

Penguins, 5, 40, 57

Adelie, 75-77, 78

emperor, 43, 76, 79, 188, 216

as food, 27, 76, 99, 220

fossils, 13

Pensacola Mountains, 47

Permian ice age, 124, 133, 143

Permian Sandstones, 145

Perseus Peak, 152

Personal hygiene, 24, 151, 157, 212

Phlyctaenioid arthrodires, 170, 179

Phyllolepids, 117-118, 120, 122, 145, 179

Phyllolepis, 118

Piss bottles, 140-141, 209

Placoderms, 17, 86-87, 117-118, 120, 122, 134, 170, 179, 196

Plant fossils, 13, 15-16, 102-103, 120, 153

Plasmon bisquits, 99

Plate tectonics concept, 2-3, 4, 18, 200

Plecostomus, 119

Poisonous lakes, 62, 64

Polar plateau

blizzards, 2

expeditions crossing, 110, 129

gateway to, 178

human habitation of, 220

katabatic winds, 2, 95, 192, 219

pollution measurements on, 20

size of, 7

view of, 70, 111, 113, 125-126, 134

Polar Plungers Club, 72-73

Polar shelf seas, 36, 220

Polar tents, 27

emergency, 96

erection during blizzards, 24, 94

layout/living conditions, 60, 216

remains of prior expedition, 178, 195

securing with ice screws, 174

temperature inside, 122

Pollution measurements, 20

Ponder, Frank, 33

Ponies, 77-78, 79

Ponting, Herbert, 75, 79, 81

Porolepiformes, 161

Port of Beaumont, The (ship), 10

Portal Mountain, 85, 160, 178, 180, 181-192, 198

Portalodus bradshawae, 189, 190, 198

Potter, Noel, 30, 35

Preparation for expeditions, 67-74

Pressure ridges, 51

Priestley, Raymond, 13

Primus stoves, 24, 27, 40, 94, 122, 157, 163, 174

Private John R. Trowle (ship), 131

Problematica, 46

Propteridophytes, 103

Prussocking, 38, 41-42

Psychological challenges

adjustment to return from field expeditions, 205, 206-212, 213, 214-215

food and, 98, 101, 144, 185

group dynamics, 126, 139, 165-166, 169, 190

homesickness, 24, 54, 97, 126, 156-157, 165, 188

humorous response to, 200-201

isolation, 24, 97

physical condition and, 217

privacy issue, 72

wind, 168

Ptolemy, 4

Quartz, 132

Queensland Museum, 198

Que Sera Sera (aircraft), 31

Rabbit fishes, 200

Radio communications

Christmas messages, 164

importance of, 89-90, 162

New Year's messages, 180

setup, 89, 94

training, 24, 27

with NZARP group K5076, 122-123

Radiometric dating of rocks, 2, 122

Rappelling (abseiling), 42

Razorbacks, 132

Recon flights, 83, 84-87, 112, 196-197, 200

Rescue/recovery

from crevasses, 24, 42-43, 101, 110, 181

deep-field pullout/pick-up, 191, 195, 196-197, 201-202, 203-205

of gear, 205-206

Recreation on deep-field expeditions, 109, 111-112, 119, 125, 156-157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 179-180, 190, 191, 195

Redlichia, 47

Reefs, 20, 46-47

Resting traces, 107, 135

Restoration of historic sites, 37, 77, 78

Retro, 136, 147, 150

R5D aircraft, 31

Rhizodontids, 120

Ritchie, Alex, 8-9, 120, 143, 147, 160, 175-176, 179, 185, 189

Roadend Nunatak, 85

Robbins, Phil, 191

Rock, Nicholas, 214

Ronne, Finne, 10, 42

Ross, James (Captain), 29

Ross Island, xiii, 16, 33, 36-37, 39, 56, 72, 86, 123

Ross Sea, 34, 38, 77

Route markers, 84, 85, 189, 157-158

Rowell, Albert, 46-47

Royal New Zealand Air Force, 137

Royal Society Range, 84

Rudge, Chris, 58, 60, 62, 63-64, 65

Russian explorers, 5, 10, 26

Sand dunes, 61

Sastrugi, 121, 128, 149, 150, 155-156, 157, 166, 173

Saudi Arabia, 199

Saxby, Eric, 66

Scotland

amphibian fossils, 176-177

Old Red Sandstone fossils, 14, 152

placoderm fossils, 118

Scott, Robert Falcon, xiii, 31

death, 7, 15

diary entries, 14-15, 39, 75, 100, 160

Discovery expedition ( 1901-1904), 6, 11, 36-37, 58, 90, 99, 107-108

fossil discoveries, 14-16

geologizing, 132

memorials, 38, 44, 78, 80

personal characteristics, 78

Terra Nova expedition (1910-1913), xii, 6-7, 11, 14, 27, 39, 43, 76, 129, 177, 193-194

Scott Base

appearance, 32, 33, 56

bar, 34, 38, 44, 48, 52, 53, 55, 86, 206, 208

beach parties, 34

food, 35, 82, 155

Greenpeace and, 81

gym, 48, 52

historic sites, xiii, 15, 36-37, 78-80

library, 46

living quarters, 71-72

post-expedition duties, 208, 209

radio communications with expeditioners, 122-123, 159, 162, 174, 180

recreation, 66, 208

science lab, 82

wintering over on, 33, 72

Scott Base Times, 82, 208

Scott of the Antarctic(film), 1-2, 70

Scott Polar Research Institute, 15

Scott's huts, xiii, 15, 36-37, 78-80

Scottish Antarctic Expedition, 13

Scree, 63, 102, 104, 105, 142, 143, 158

Scurvy, 6, 194

Sea ice, 51, 78, 82, 99

Sea levels, thawing of Antarctic ice sheet and, 19

Sea lilies, 36

Sea scorpions, giant, 152, 153

Sea urchin fossils, 216

Seals, 5, 34, 40, 57

conservation of, 221

as food, 27, 37, 52, 76, 99, 220

mummified remains, 61

Weddell, 51, 52, 73

Seay Peak, 125-126, 127-130, 135

Sedimentary rocks, 23.

See also specific types

dating of, 2, 18, 122, 152, 170

Sedimentary succession, 153

Seward, A.C., 15-16

Sewell, Rod, 38

Sewing and sewing kits, 68-69, 160

Seymour Island, 12, 13, 216

Shackleton, Ernest, xiii, 6, 13, 15-16, 78, 137

Shackleton's hut, 75, 77

Shark fossils, 17, 18, 123-124, 134, 143, 145-146, 179, 189, 193-200

Shell assemblages, 16

Shinn, Gus, 31

Shiver(book), 183

“Shouting the bar,” 48, 208

Silurian Period, 103

Sinfonia Antarctica(musical score), 1-2

Size of Antarctica, 18-19

Skeleton Glacier, 178

Skeleton Névé, 8, 65, 84, 85, 118, 136, 145, 149, 155, 160, 163, 172, 173, 178, 186, 189, 198

Skidoos and skidooing.

See also Sledging

air transport of, 88, 135

fuel, 108, 163

ideal conditions, 75

maintenance/protection of, 86, 94

runway preparation with, 201-202, 203-204

with sledges, 92, 112, 121, 128, 138-139

on slopes, 127, 132, 138-139

speeds, 82, 128, 150

storage compartments, 128

wind chill, 82, 87, 127

Skolithos, 107

Skottsberg, C.J., 99

Skua gulls, 129-130

Skua Ridge, 129-130, 131, 150

Sledging

accidents, 149, 155-156, 166

in blizzard conditions, 92-94

on blue ice, 92, 139

braking, 113-114, 138-139

in crevassed areas, 138

with dogs, 6, 51-52

first major journey, 12-13

flags, 86-87

man-hauling, 203

perfect conditions for, 150, 173

poem, 110

with ponies, 6

rations, 99, 128

relays, 147-148, 191

repairs, 156

route mapping, 84, 85, 189

over sastrugi, 121, 128, 149, 150, 155-156, 166

with skidoos, 92-94, 112, 121, 128, 138-139, 149-150, 155

on slopes, 9, 112, 113-114, 138-139, 147-148, 191

stamina required for, 175

wind speeds and, 92

Sleeping bags, 96

Sleeping outside, 60

Smith-Woodward, Arthur, 14

Snap-frozen animals, 11

Snow blindness, 159

Snow caves, 27

Snow Hill Island, 13

Solar power, 219-220

Sounds of Antarctica, 1-2, 168, 183-184

South Africa

continental drift, 16, 133, 216

fossil fish fauna, 8, 18, 120, 160, 170

South America, 3

South Island (NZ), 22-28

South Magnetic Pole, 6

South Pole, 6, 11, 13, 14, 31, 69, 78

South with Scott (book), 194

Spain, 199

Spiritual/emotional experiences, 29, 172, 173, 223

Spitzbergen, 170

Sponsor's Bluff, 50, 59

Sponsor's Peak, 50

Staite, Brian, 85, 93, 150, 164, 173, 204, 209, 210

at Fault Bluff, 118

field experience/skills, 112, 114, 138, 139-140, 155-156, 163, 181, 182, 187, 196, 201

at Gorgon's Head, 105, 109

at Lashly Glacier, 200, 201

at Mt. Crean, 196

on Mt. Gudmundson, 132-133, 134

on Mt. Ritchie, 145, 146

on Mulock Glacier, 138

personal characteristics, 71, 169, 174, 200

at Portal Mountain, 181, 182, 190, 191

Starlifter (C-141B), 31, 69-70

Starvation, 45, 46, 61, 101

Static electricity, 35, 208

Stonington Island, 10

Stratified lakes, 58-59

Stratigraphic measurements, 131-132

Suess, E., 3

Sulawesi (Indonesia), 160

Sunlight, 33, 38, 219-220

Survival gear, 68-69, 70, 102

clothing, 2, 24, 30, 37, 43, 68, 93, 98, 216

Survival training

Antarctica, 37-38, 39-41, 69, 72-73

deep-field, 69

Tekapo, 21, 22-28, 38, 69

Suter, K., 219

Swartz Nunataks, 150

Swedish Antarctic expeditions, 99

Tate Peak, 151

Taylor, T. Griffith, 4, 13, 58

Taylor Group, 50

“Teardrop,” 223

Teeth, problems with, 23, 71

Tekapo (NZ), survival training, 21, 22-28, 38

Telephone service, 82-83

Temperatures

acclimatization to, 71, 213-214

before blizzards, 158

effect on tools, 118-119

extremes, 43, 75, 116, 118-119, 120, 122, 134, 135, 142, 150, 151, 194, 202

and food requirements, 99, 128, 213-214

inside tents, 122

pack ice, 76

Scott Base, 33

water, 36, 59

wind-chill factor, 82, 87, 96, 156, 194

Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 80

Tentacle Ridge, 111

Tents.

See Polar tents

Terra australis incognita, 4

Terra Nova expedition (1910-1913)

accommodations, 27, 76, 78-80

deaths, 6, 7, 15

depot journey, 177

documentation, 6, 43

Far Eastern Party, 100

field cookery and food, 27, 43, 76, 177

fossil collections, 14-16

huts, 78-80

members of, xii, 11, 14, 27, 76, 193-194

Northern Party, 27, 76

planning and equipment, 6, 39

return party, 193-194

South Pole trek, 11, 39, 78, 129, 193-194

Terranes, 47, 199

Tetrapods, 161, 176-177

Thailand, field expeditions in, 159

Thelodonts, 169-170, 196

The Thing, 125

Thomson, Keith, 160-161

“Three Degree Depot,”

Toilets, 70, 162-163

Topography, ancient environments, 132

Tourism in Antarctica, 20-21, 32, 221-222

Trace fossils, 10, 50, 60, 105-106, 107, 109, 134, 152-153, 170

Tractors, 28, 39

Training.

See Survival training

Transantarctic Expedition, 23

Transantarctic Mountains, xii, 9, 125, 189

age, 13

expeditions, 7, 16, 29, 44, 48-49, 50, 65, 69, 108

fossils, 16-17, 33, 46-47, 65

geology, 96

ice- and snow-free areas, 57-58

view, 29, 70, 88-89, 128, 149

Trewin, Nigel, 108, 152

Trigonotarbids, 103

Trilobites, 46, 47

Trinity College, 215

Tumblagooda Sandstone, 152-153

Turnbull, “Moses,”

Turner, Sue, 198

“Ulysses,”

United States

Air National Guard, 66, 84

Antarctic Expedition, 42-43

Antarctic Program (USAP), 8, 68, 81

South Pole base, 69

University of

Hobart, 68

Kansas, 46

New England (Australia), 107

Oslo, 12

Sydney, 6

Texas at Austin, 47

Western Australia, 102, 214

Vanda Station, 38, 50, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63

Vandals, 63

Vega Island, 86

Ventifacts, 61

Vertebraria, 16

Vialov, O., 107

Victoria (Australia), 118, 120, 122, 146-147, 161, 170

Victoria Glacier, 59

Victoria Land, 8, 32, 47, 89, 118, 123, 149, 180, 182, 205

Victoria Valley, 50, 60

Victorian University of Wellington, 8, 23, 108

Volcanoes, 6, 32, 33, 34, 44, 56, 132

Von Bellinghausen, Fabian, 5

VUWAE

on Alligator Ridge, 168

expedition 15, 8, 143, 146, 147, 176, 179, 193

fossil collections, 136, 142, 189, 193, 196

parties, 8

VXE-6 Squadron, 44, 177-178, 180

birth of, 30-31

female crew, 69, 70

missions, 69

recon flights, 200

retrieval of abandoned gear, 205-206

safety record, 31, 84

South Pole landing, 31

US Air National Guard replacement of, 66, 84, 137

XD-03 recovery, 65-66

Warren, Guyon, 179, 198

Warren Ranges, 112-113, 125-126, 135, 137, 142, 147, 148

Waste disposal, 2, 35-36, 51, 58, 70, 81, 136, 222

Water temperatures, 36, 59

Weddell Sea, 13

Weddell seal, 51, 52, 73

Wegener, Alfred, 4

Western Australian Museum, 67, 87, 108, 156, 163-164, 215-216

Whales and whaling, 5, 16, 220, 221

White, Errol, 179, 198

White Desert, The (book), 23, 80

White Island, 34

Wigwam RNZAF base, 31

Wild, Frank, 82, 129

Wilkins, Hubert, 80

Williams, Vaughan, 1-2

Williams Air Field (“Willy Field”), 35, 66, 71, 205

Wilson, Edward, 6, 7, 11, 15, 43, 79, 110, 129, 188

Wind-chill factor, 82, 87, 96, 156, 194

Wind

accidents related to, 147

katabatic, 95, 192, 219

power generation, 78, 219-220

psychological effects of, 168

shelters, 145

speeds, 57-58, 79, 82, 92, 95, 97, 145, 147, 160, 164, 166, 194, 195

Windy Gully Sandstone, 62

Wintering over in Antarctica, 5-6

Byrd's solo, 215

food, 43, 54-55

huskies, 51-52

McMurdo Base, 37

Scott Base, 33, 72

Snow Hill Island, 13

women, 10

Women in Antarctica, 9-10;

see also specific individuals

Woofer wood, 41

Woolfe, Ken, 49, 92, 104, 108

Woolly mammoths, 11

Worst Journey in the World, The (book), 43, 188

Wright Valley, 50, 57, 58, 60-61, 62, 64, 65, 84, 86

Xenacanthus, 123-124, 189, 194, 197

Young, Gavin C., 8, 9, 120, 124, 145, 147, 177, 160, 176, 179, 185, 189, 193, 194, 197, 198

Zanclorhynchus, 36

Zircon formation, 2