This study will develop a compelling vision for a systems approach to studying the Earth and identify facilities, infrastructure, coordinating mechanisms, computing, and workforce development needed to support that vision. All major components of the Earth system will be considered, as will their interactions and feedbacks through time. With input from virtual and in-person workshops and lessons learned from previous and current approaches to integrated research at NSF, the committee also will provide advice on how NSF can support the research community in meeting the vision and identifying overarching capabilities needed to support a systems approach to studying the Earth.