The burgeoning use of cloud technology offers opportunities to advance neuroscience research, maximize benefit from data, empower data sharing, and foster open science. However, a number of challenges need to be addressed before these benefits can be fully realized. On September 24, 2019, the Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a one-day public workshop that brought together experts and key stakeholders from academia, government, foundations, pharmaceutical and information technology industries, and the legal system. Participants discussed the use of cloud technology in neuroscience research and shared approaches to addressing current barriers.