In the 21st century, “making things” (i.e., the production of physical goods) cannot be considered in isolation from innovation, product design, and the production and bundling of software and services--all are integrated global activities. To succeed in the current complex environment, companies must focus holistically on “making value” by producing positive customer experiences. This study will clearly define this new context by examining business best practices in the integrated innovation-design-manufacturing value chain; identify educational approaches to better prepare the current and future workforce; and provide recommendations to create an effective environment for “making value” in the United States.