Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy (2023)

Chapter: Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada

Previous Chapter: Appendix K: Interview Processes Used in National Surveys
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-1 Body Measurement Summary Statistics, Boys 18 Years of Age and Younger, NHANES, 2015–2018

MeasureAge (y)nMeanPercentiles
SE5th10th25th50th75th90th95th
Body mass index (calculated as kg/m2)2–3 y38816.80.214.514.815.716.417.418.819.8
4–8 y93617.10.113.914.515.216.217.920.823.0
9–13 y87220.60.214.915.516.719.223.327.730.6
14–18 y76824.00.316.917.719.822.326.632.335.8
Weight (kg)0–6 mo1866.70.14.14.65.56.77.88.69.1
7–11 mo1479.40.17.78.18.69.310.010.711.3
1–3 y69414.00.29.710.411.813.615.517.619.2
4–8 y93925.00.416.317.319.823.128.435.439.8
9–13 y87346.70.627.429.134.243.354.968.380.5
14–18 y76872.11.047.150.958.666.781.596.4114.5
Height (cm)0–6 mo18661.70.452.854.157.662.765.867.969.0
Length for < 2 y7–11 mo14772.10.367.368.469.871.973.975.576.5
12–23 mo26581.30.373.775.378.081.184.488.089.3
2–3 y38995.50.385.888.190.995.699.8102.8105.0
4–8 y936119.90.5102.2105.1111.4120.2128.1134.2137.4
9–13 y872149.00.5130.3134.2139.7148.3157.7166.3169.5
14–18 y768172.90.3159.4162.7167.8173.3178.6182.3185.0
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
MeasureAge (y)nMeanPercentiles
SE5th10th25th50th75th90th95th
Waist circumference (cm)2–3 y33850.10.544.445.247.149.452.054.357.1
4–8 y88358.10.448.850.152.456.060.870.175.3
9–13 y84072.80.655.958.061.669.280.994.3100.1
14–18 y75283.40.865.467.071.578.490.8107.0116.3
Average sagittal abdominal diameter (cm)* 9–13 y44616.30.212.513.013.915.417.920.622.3
14–18 y40018.50.314.214.815.917.419.924.027.2
Waist–hip ratio** 12-13 y1400.870.010.780.790.810.850.910.981.00
14-18 y3520.860.010.770.780.800.840.890.971.00

NOTE: cm = centimeter; kg = kilogram; m = meter; mo = month; SE = standard error; y = year.

SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2018; *2015–2016; **2017–2018.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-2 Body Measurement Summary Statistics, Girls 18 Years of Age and Younger, NHANES, 2015–2018

MeasureAge (y)nMeanPercentiles
SE5th10th25th50th75th90th95th
Body mass index (calculated as kg/m2)2–3 y36716.30.114.214.615.316.117.017.918.6
4–8 y93417.10.113.714.215.016.218.221.123.2
9–13 y89820.70.215.015.717.019.523.627.930.1
14–18 y75524.90.318.018.920.623.227.732.837.5
Weight (kg)0–6 mo1916.20.14.14.45.16.07.37.98.1
7–11 mo1488.70.16.87.37.98.69.510.310.5
1–3 y63413.20.19.59.911.113.014.616.617.7
4–8 y93424.10.315.616.618.822.226.934.339.6
9–13 y89946.50.727.129.234.443.855.066.973.6
14–18 y75565.40.845.447.853.361.272.987.698.8
Height (cm)0–6 mo19160.50.352.954.356.460.364.666.867.6
Length for < 2 y7–11 mo14870.40.365.666.568.370.472.374.375.6
12–23 mo22980.60.473.575.177.480.283.486.788.2
2–3 y36893.70.584.886.089.493.797.2101.1103.9
4–8 y935117.50.4101.0103.3109.4117.6124.9130.9134.2
9–13 y898148.40.6130.0133.6140.3149.1156.7161.5164.3
14–18 y755162.00.4151.2153.5157.4161.6166.4170.6173.0
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
MeasureAge (y)nMeanPercentiles
SE5th10th25th50th75th90th95th
Waist circumference (cm)2–3 y31949.20.243.144.646.649.451.253.655.1
4–8 y88357.80.348.249.552.055.261.069.876.8
9–13 y86472.50.555.958.562.870.180.090.796.9
14–18 y72882.50.766.768.872.979.089.0100.2109.2
Average sagittal abdominal diameter (cm)* 9–13 y45316.20.212.112.814.015.517.820.321.7
14–18 y38318.40.214.314.715.817.620.122.725.0
Waist–hip ratio** 12-13 y1280.840.010.740.760.790.830.860.920.95
14-18 y3430.830.010.730.760.780.820.860.910.95

NOTES: cm = centimeter; kg = kilogram; m = meter; mo = month; SE = standard error; y = year. Pregnant and lactating adolescents excluded.

SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2018; *2015–2016; **2017–2018.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-3 Body Measurement Summary Statistics, Men 19 Years of Age and Older, NHANES, 2015–2018

MeasureAge (y)nMeanSEPercentiles
MinMax5th10th25th50th75th90th95th
Body mass index (calculated as kg/m2)19–301,00527.80.415.762.018.720.322.726.531.736.739.6
31–501,58130.20.315.186.221.823.225.829.133.338.542.1
51–701,80729.70.214.957.422.022.925.528.933.037.041.1
> 7081828.70.216.656.020.822.425.328.031.935.236.8
19+5,21129.40.214.986.220.822.325.028.432.737.141.0
Weight (kg)19–301,00686.01.339.2191.458.461.669.881.498.2116.0128.2
31–501,58294.10.846.2242.665.269.878.689.9104.5123.3137.4
51–701,81091.10.736.8192.363.268.276.688.7102.3117.1129.2
> 7082285.10.943.7170.858.763.172.883.396.8107.1115.7
19+5,22090.40.636.8242.661.666.375.287.2101.8119.1130.2
Height (cm)19–301,006175.80.3136.5198.4164.3167.0171.0176.1180.4184.9186.8
31–501,584176.30.3149.6202.7163.5166.5171.4176.4181.3185.7188.5
51–701,810174.80.3140.1197.7162.5164.9169.5174.9179.7184.2187.2
> 70827172.00.4149.2193.1160.1163.1167.4172.2177.0180.8183.4
19+5,227175.30.2136.5202.7162.8165.7170.2175.4180.2184.7187.3
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
MeasureAge (y)nMeanSEPercentiles
MinMax5th10th25th50th75th90th95th
Waist circumference (cm)19–3098394.51.062.3161.672.475.681.491.0105.7117.9127.8
31–501,527103.50.667.2162.781.085.192.5101.4111.6125.3133.0
51–701,751106.00.765.9169.683.888.795.7104.3114.8125.8135.4
> 70754106.40.767.6156.184.689.397.8105.5114.9123.7129.9
19+5,015102.60.562.3169.677.382.591.4101.6111.8123.9132.5
Average sagittal abdominal diameter (cm)* 19–3052321.40.214.438.116.016.818.120.523.827.129.9
31–5081623.60.313.640.817.418.520.623.025.929.731.4
51–7083424.20.314.539.917.719.321.223.626.829.631.8
> 7034424.40.313.738.318.719.921.724.226.929.330.7
19+2,51723.40.213.640.817.018.020.222.825.929.431.2
Waist–hip ratio** 19–304570.910.010.731.120.800.820.860.900.961.011.04
31–507050.970.000.801.240.850.880.920.961.011.051.07
51–709021.010.010.771.190.900.920.961.001.051.081.10
> 704001.010.000.841.190.900.940.971.011.041.081.10
19+2,4640.970.000.731.240.840.870.920.971.021.061.08

NOTE: cm = centimeter; kg = kilogram; m = meter; mo = month; SE = standard error; y = year.

SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2018; *2015–2016; **2017–2018.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-4 Body Measurement Summary Statistics, Women 19 Years of Age and Older, NHANES, 2015–2018

MeasureAge (y)nMeanSEPercentiles
MinMax5th10th25th50th75th90th95th
Body mass index (calculated as kg/m2)19–301,10828.30.414.866.218.919.822.026.332.838.943.2
31–501,80630.50.315.765.820.421.724.228.734.842.446.4
51–701,88730.30.314.584.420.022.024.629.134.540.344.2
> 7082029.00.314.263.620.521.624.728.332.236.640.1
19+5,62129.80.214.284.419.721.223.928.333.940.244.4
Weight (kg)19–301,10874.71.036.2181.049.051.758.669.686.1105.6116.3
31–501,80880.71.040.3179.251.756.064.875.192.6112.8126.5
51–701,89078.30.838.5219.649.655.764.374.789.4103.8116.9
> 7082071.80.832.4144.749.152.159.569.781.093.6102.7
19+5,62677.50.632.4219.649.854.062.273.288.6105.2119.5
Height (cm)19–301,108162.50.3139.9185.2151.1153.9158.0162.6166.9170.9173.3
31–501,808162.50.3137.6189.3151.0153.2157.8162.6167.2171.3173.7
51–701,888160.90.3138.3187.8150.0152.8156.1160.8165.5169.6171.4
> 70822157.10.3129.7179.6145.6149.0153.1156.8161.5165.2167.9
19+5,626161.30.2129.7189.3149.8152.5156.4161.3166.0170.2172.5
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
MeasureAge (y)nMeanSEPercentiles
MinMax5th10th25th50th75th90th95th
Waist circumference (cm)19–301,05392.50.956.4171.670.072.178.089.4103.8118.6125.7
31–501,70398.90.863.2169.674.078.485.295.9108.8123.2134.0
51–701,809100.70.857.9164.075.880.488.798.7111.6122.8129.6
> 70717100.20.664.0148.177.582.190.599.8109.4117.4122.3
19+5,28298.30.656.4171.673.277.085.396.4109.1121.7129.7
Average sagittal abdominal diameter (cm)* 19–3052620.20.212.234.814.515.316.919.322.826.328.0
31–5086721.90.213.139.715.616.618.021.024.828.630.4
51–7085423.20.314.438.616.517.419.823.026.129.031.0
> 7032522.80.314.336.216.617.619.922.825.327.828.9
19+2,57222.10.212.239.715.516.618.421.625.128.430.0
Waist–hip ratio** 19–304330.860.010.661.080.740.760.800.850.910.961.00
31–507620.880.000.721.090.770.790.820.880.930.970.99
51–709330.910.010.731.110.790.810.860.910.950.981.00
> 703730.930.000.741.170.820.830.890.930.971.001.02
19+2,5010.890.000.661.170.770.800.830.890.940.981.00

NOTES: cm = centimeter; kg = kilogram; m = meter; mo = month; SE = standard error; y = year. Pregnant and lactating women excluded.

SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2018; *2015–2016; **2017–2018.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-5 Body Measurement Summary Statistics, Boys 18 Years of Age and Younger, CHMS, 2012–2019

MeasureAge (y)nMean (SE)Percentiles
5th (SE)10th (SE)25th (SE)50th (SE)75th (SE)90th (SE)95th (SE)
Body mass index (calculated as kg/m2)3 y34016.2 (0.2)14.2 (0.2)14.3 (0.2)15.1 (0.1)16.2 (0.1)17.0 (0.1)17.7 (0.3)18.6 (0.4)
4–8 y1,71716.2 (0.1)13.7 (0.1)14.2 (0.1)14.8 (0.1)15.7 (0.1)16.8 (0.1)18.6 (0.4)21.0 (0.6)
9–13 y1,70419.2 (0.1)14.7 (0.1)15.2 (0.1)16.4 (0.1)18.3 (0.1)20.9 (0.3)24.5 (0.5)27.1 (0.5)
14–18 y1,24123.7 (0.4)17.5 (0.2)18.1 (0.2)19.5 (0.2)22.0 (0.2)26.3 (0.6)31.0 (1.1)36.4 (1.6)
Weight (kg)3 y34516.2 (0.2)13.1 (0.3)13.9 (0.2)14.8 (0.1)16.0 (0.2)17.5 (0.2)18.9 (0.3)19.6 (0.5)
4–8 y1,72123.8 (0.3)16.0 (0.2)17.0 (0.2)19.3 (0.2)22.4 (0.3)26.8 (0.5)31.4 (0.7)36.6 (1.4)
9–13 y1,70944.2 (0.4)27.6 (0.3)29.5 (0.4)33.8 (0.5)41.7 (0.4)51.9 (0.9)61.5 (1.0)69.4 (2.2)
14–18 y1,24272.7 (1.5)49.2 (1.3)52.9 (0.9)59.7 (0.6)68.9 (0.8)80.6 (1.4)95.9 (3.0)114.6 (7.6)
Height (cm)3 y340100.1 (0.4)93.3 (0.8)94.2 (0.5)97.1 (0.5)100.1 (0.4)103.2 (0.5)105.9 (0.6)107.4 (0.7)
4–8 y1,717120.2 (0.4)103.0 (0.5)105.9 (0.5)111.6 (0.4)121.0 (0.5)128.7 (0.5)134.1 (0.6)137.3 (0.8)
9–13 y1,705150.4 (0.4)133.5 (0.7)136.1 (0.6)140.8 (0.4)148.3 (0.6)159.6 (0.6)167.7 (0.8)171.8 (0.8)
14–18 y1,242174.9 (0.4)161.7 (1.3)164.8 (0.7)170.1 (0.4)174.7 (0.4)180.5 (0.5)185.4 (0.5)187.7 (0.7)
Waist circumference (cm)3 y33949.9 (0.3)45.1 (0.3)46.1 (0.3)47.1 (0.3)49.8 (0.3)51.7 (0.4)54.2 (0.6)55.8 (1.3)
4–8 y1,71455.2 (0.4)47.3 (0.3)48.6 (0.2)50.9 (0.2)53.7 (0.3)57.4 (0.5)62.3 (0.9)69.1 (2.2)
9–13 y1,71068.4 (0.4)55.0 (0.2)56.6 (0.3)60.1 (0.4)66.3 (0.3)73.2 (0.8)83.4 (1.2)93.0 (1.6)
14–18 y1,24182.0 (1.1)65.5 (0.5)68.2 (0.5)72.3 (0.5)77.5 (0.5)86.9 (1.3)101.8 (2.8)116.0 (3.7)
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
MeasureAge (y)nMean (SE)Percentiles
5th (SE)10th (SE)25th (SE)50th (SE)75th (SE)90th (SE)95th (SE)
Waist–hip ratio3 y1560.91 (0.01)0.82 (0.02)0.84 (0.01)0.88 (0.01)0.90 (0.01)0.93 (0.01)0.97 (0.01)0.98 (0.01)
4–8 y8260.87 (0.00)0.79 (0.01)0.80 (0.00)0.83 (0.01)0.87 (0.00)0.90 (0.00)0.93 (0.01)0.96 (0.01)
9–13 y8690.85 (0.00)0.76 (0.01)0.78 (0.00)0.80 (0.00)0.84 (0.00)0.88 (0.01)0.95 (0.01)0.97 (0.01)
14–18 y6290.84 (0.00)0.76 (0.01)0.77 (0.00)0.80 (0.00)0.83 (0.01)0.88 (0.01)0.93 (0.01)0.96 (0.01)

NOTES: CHMS = Canadian Health Measures Survey; cm = centimeter; kg = kilogram; m = meter; mo = month; SE = standard error; y = year. All results are reported in metric units. All body measurement results are based on CHMS cycles 3 (2012–2013), 4 (2014–2015), 5 (2016–2017), and 6 (2018–2019). The population for all cycles was 3 to 79 years of age. BMI status was determined only in those with both valid measured height and weight. Waist–hip ratio was determined only in those with both valid measured waist and hip circumference; hip circumference was not measured in cycles 5 and 6. BMI status in children 18 and under was determined using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) percentiles. All results use survey weights to obtain estimates for the Canadian population and bootstrap weights to obtain standard errors and are combined between the four cycles according to the documentation from Statistics Canada.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-6 Body Measurement Summary Statistics, Girls 18 Years of Age and Younger, CHMS, 2012–2019

MeasureAge (y)nPercentiles
Mean (SE)5th (SE)10th (SE)25th (SE)50th (SE)75th (SE)90th (SE)95th (SE)
Body mass index (calculated as kg/m2)3 y35316.2 (0.2)14.1 (0.1)14.5 (0.1)15.0 (0.1)15.8 (0.1)16.9 (0.2)18.1 (0.3)18.7 (1.4)
4–8 y1,72416.3 (0.1)13.7 (0.1)14.1 (0.1)14.8 (0.1)15.7 (0.1)17.1 (0.1)19.1 (0.2)21.3 (0.4)
9–13 y1,70519.2 (0.2)14.3 (0.2)15.1 (0.2)16.3 (0.1)18.2 (0.2)21.0 (0.4)24.5 (0.5)27.0 (0.5)
14–18 y1,23522.8 (0.2)17.2 (0.2)18.1 (0.2)19.6 (0.1)21.6 (0.2)24.5 (0.3)29.5 (0.5)32.3 (0.8)
Weight (kg)3 y35616.0 (0.2)12.5 (0.3)13.2 (0.2)14.6 (0.2)15.6 (0.2)16.9 (0.3)18.9 (0.4)19.4 (1.2)
4–8 y1,72623.5 (0.2)15.4 (0.1)16.4 (0.2)18.7 (0.2)22.1 (0.3)26.4 (0.4)31.7 (0.7)37.2 (1.1)
9–13 y1,70643.5 (0.6)25.8 (0.4)28.0 (0.4)33.4 (0.6)41.7 (0.8)51.4 (0.9)61.0 (1.7)69.4 (1.8)
14–18 y1,23661.0 (0.6)44.2 (0.9)47.0 (0.6)51.9 (0.5)58.1 (0.4)67.0 (0.6)77.6 (2.1)87.5 (2.6)
Height (cm)3 y35399.4 (0.4)91.7 (0.4)92.4 (0.7)96.3 (0.5)99.5 (0.5)102.6 (0.5)105.3 (0.7)107.2 (0.7)
4–8 y1,726118.9 (0.4)102.1 (0.4)104.7 (0.4)110.1 (0.4)118.7 (0.6)126.9 (0.6)134.1 (0.6)137.1 (0.8)
9–13 y1,707149.3 (0.4)130.1 (0.8)133.3 (0.6)141.3 (0.8)149.5 (0.5)157.4 (0.6)164.1 (0.6)167.4 (0.9)
14–18 y1,236163.6 (0.4)151.6 (0.8)154.7 (1.0)159.1 (0.5)164.0 (0.4)167.6 (0.4)171.6 (0.4)174.0 (0.6)
Waist circumference (cm)3 y34950.4 (0.4)44.4 (0.6)44.9 (0.4)47.5 (0.4)49.9 (0.2)52.6 (0.6)55.9 (0.7)57.0 (2.2)
4–8 y1,72355.4 (0.3)46.5 (0.2)48.0 (0.3)50.4 (0.2)53.9 (0.2)57.8 (0.4)64.5 (0.7)69.9 (1.3)
9–13 y1,70867.5 (0.6)53.7 (0.4)55.6 (0.4)58.9 (0.4)65.6 (0.6)73.5 (0.7)82.5 (1.4)89.8 (1.4)
14–18 y1,23477.1 (0.6)63.4 (0.6)65.1 (0.5)68.9 (0.4)74.3 (0.4)81.8 (0.8)93.1 (1.5)100.4 (2.5)
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
MeasureAge (y)nPercentiles
Mean (SE)5th (SE)10th (SE)25th (SE)50th (SE)75th (SE)90th (SE)95th (SE)
Waist–hip ratio3 y1580.91 (0.01)0.84 (0.01)0.85 (0.01)0.88 (0.00)0.90 (0.00)0.94 (0.01)0.98 (0.01)1.01 (0.01)
4–8 y8280.88 (0.00)0.79 (0.01)0.81 (0.00)0.84 (0.00)0.87 (0.00)0.91 (0.00)0.96 (0.00)0.97 (0.01)
9–13 y8420.83 (0.00)0.74 (0.01)0.75 (0.00)0.79 (0.00)0.82 (0.00)0.87 (0.01)0.91 (0.01)0.94 (0.01)
14–18 y6240.81 (0.00)0.72 (0.01)0.74 (0.01)0.76 (0.00)0.80 (0.01)0.85 (0.01)0.90 (0.01)0.94 (0.01)

NOTES: CHMS = Canadian Health Measures Survey; cm = centimeter; kg = kilogram; m = meter; mo = month; SE = standard error; y = year. All results are reported in metric units. All body measurement results are based on CHMS cycles 3 (2012–2013), 4 (2014–2015), 5 (2016–2017), and 6 (2018–2019). The population for all cycles was 3 to 79 years of age. The results from pregnant (adolescents and women) were excluded. Current breastfeeding status was not asked in the questionnaire for CHMS. BMI status was determined only in those with both valid measured height and weight. Waist–hip ratio was determined only in those with both valid measured waist and hip circumference; hip circumference was not measured in cycles 5 and 6. BMI status in children 18 and under were determined using CDC percentiles. All results use survey weights to obtain estimates for the Canadian population and bootstrap weights to obtain standard errors and are combined between the four cycles according to the documentation from Statistics Canada.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-7 Body Measurement Summary Statistics, Men 19 Years of Age and Older, CHMS, 2012–2019

MeasureAge (y)nPercentiles
Mean (SE)5th (SE)10th (SE)25th (SE)50th (SE)75th (SE)90th (SE)95th (SE)
Body mass index (calculated as kg/m2)19–3095226.1 (0.3)19.6 (0.3)20.5 (0.2)22.5 (0.2)25.0 (0.3)29.0 (0.5)32.6 (0.8)37.5 (1.3)
31–502,82627.8 (0.3)20.6 (0.2)21.9 (0.3)24.3 (0.2)26.8 (0.2)30.6 (0.3)34.3 (0.6)38.0 (0.9)
51–702,12628.4 (0.2)21.9 (0.3)23.3 (0.2)25.0 (0.2)27.8 (0.2)30.8 (0.3)34.1 (0.4)37.1 (0.6)
> 7056028.2 (0.2)22.1 (0.5)23.4 (0.3)25.5 (0.2)28.0 (0.3)30.4 (0.4)33.3 (0.6)36.1 (0.8)
19+6,46427.7 (0.1)20.6 (0.1)22.0 (0.2)24.2 (0.1)26.9 (0.1)30.4 (0.2)33.9 (0.3)37.4 (0.5)
Weight (kg)19–3095583.3 (1.1)58.7 (1.0)62.7 (1.0)70.3 (1.0)79.7 (1.2)93.1 (1.5)106.2 (2.2)119.8 (4.4)
31–502,82887.0 (0.9)62.3 (0.9)66.6 (1.0)75.4 (0.7)84.0 (0.8)96.9 (1.2)109.1 (1.7)117.8 (3.2)
51–702,13386.8 (0.6)64.7 (0.7)68.4 (0.6)76.0 (0.6)84.8 (0.8)96.0 (0.9)107.1 (1.1)114.7 (2.0)
> 7056583.3 (0.8)63.5 (1.5)66.3 (0.9)73.4 (1.0)81.9 (0.9)91.1 (1.4)101.5 (1.3)106.4 (2.7)
19+6,48185.9 (0.5)62.2 (0.4)66.6 (0.5)74.0 (0.5)83.2 (0.5)95.7 (0.7)107.4 (0.8)116.9 (1.9)
Height (cm)19–30952178.2 (0.5)166.9 (1.0)169.8 (0.7)173.7 (0.5)178.4 (0.5)182.8 (0.5)186.6 (0.6)188.6 (1.0)
31–502,827176.6 (0.2)165.5 (0.5)167.8 (0.5)172.5 (0.3)176.4 (0.3)180.9 (0.3)185.4 (0.5)188.2 (0.4)
51–702,128174.7 (0.3)163.1 (0.5)165.1 (0.5)169.8 (0.4)174.5 (0.4)179.4 (0.4)183.9 (0.6)186.9 (0.7)
> 70561171.7 (0.4)160.1 (0.9)163.4 (0.8)167.6 (0.4)171.5 (0.5)176.6 (0.5)179.3 (0.6)182.4 (0.7)
19+6,468176.0 (0.2)163.8 (0.3)166.7 (0.3)171.4 (0.2)175.9 (0.3)180.7 (0.2)185.1 (0.3)187.8 (0.4)
Waist circumference (cm)19–3095590.5 (1.0)73.1 (0.9)75.3 (0.5)80.0 (0.6)86.6 (1.0)98.8 (1.5)109.7 (1.9)117.5 (4.2)
31–502,82797.2 (0.7)75.0 (1.1)80.5 (0.8)87.7 (0.6)95.3 (0.5)104.5 (0.9)115.8 (1.3)122.5 (2.1)
51–702,125101.5 (0.5)82.9 (0.6)86.1 (0.5)92.2 (0.6)99.9 (0.5)109.1 (0.5)117.8 (1.2)125.7 (1.4)
> 70557103.1 (0.8)84.6 (1.5)88.9 (1.0)94.3 (0.9)101.4 (1.0)111.0 (1.0)118.4 (1.5)125.1 (1.8)
19+6,46497.6 (0.4)76.3 (0.5)80.1 (0.5)87.3 (0.4)96.2 (0.4)105.9 (0.6)115.8 (0.8)123.6 (1.4)
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
MeasureAge (y)nPercentiles
Mean (SE)5th (SE)10th (SE)25th (SE)50th (SE)75th (SE)90th (SE)95th (SE)
Waist–hip ratio19–304920.88 (0.01)0.80 (0.01)0.81 (0.00)0.84 (0.00)0.87 (0.01)0.92 (0.01)0.99 (0.02)1.01 (0.01)
31–501,3690.94 (0.00)0.82 (0.01)0.85 (0.01)0.89 (0.00)0.94 (0.00)0.99 (0.01)1.03 (0.01)1.05 (0.00)
51–701,1000.98 (0.00)0.86 (0.01)0.89 (0.01)0.93 (0.00)0.98 (0.00)1.02 (0.01)1.07 (0.01)1.09 (0.01)
> 702621.00 (0.01)0.90 (0.01)0.92 (0.01)0.96 (0.01)1.00 (0.01)1.04 (0.01)1.08 (0.01)1.10 (0.01)
19+3,2230.95 (0.00)0.82 (0.00)0.84 (0.00)0.89 (0.00)0.95 (0.00)1.00 (0.00)1.04 (0.00)1.07 (0.00)

NOTES: CHMS = Canadian Health Measures Survey; cm = centimeter; kg = kilogram; m = meter; mo = month; SE = standard error; y = year. All results are reported in metric units. All body measurement results are based on CHMS cycles 3 (2012–2013), 4 (2014–2015), 5 (2016–2017), and 6 (2018–2019). The population for all cycles was 3 to 79 years of age. BMI status was determined only in those with both valid measured height and weight. Waist–hip ratio was determined only in those with both valid measured waist and hip circumference; hip circumference was not measured in cycles 5 and 6. All results use survey weights to obtain estimates for the Canadian population and bootstrap weights to obtain standard errors and are combined between the four cycles according to the documentation from Statistics Canada.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-8 Body Measurement Summary Statistics, Women 19 Years of Age and Older, CHMS, 2012–2019

MeasureAge (y)nPercentiles
Mean (SE)5th (SE)10th (SE)25th (SE)50th (SE)75th (SE)90th (SE)95th (SE)
Body mass index (calculated as kg/m2)19–3094825.6 (0.4)18.2 (0.5)19.4 (0.3)21.5 (0.3)23.8 (0.4)28.2 (0.7)34.6 (1.1)38.7 (1.0)
31–502,76827.1 (0.3)18.9 (0.3)20.2 (0.3)22.2 (0.2)25.4 (0.3)30.1 (0.5)36.8 (0.7)41.1 (1.3)
51–702,05828.0 (0.3)19.8 (0.2)21.0 (0.2)23.4 (0.2)27.0 (0.3)31.5 (0.4)36.7 (0.5)40.0 (0.8)
> 7067127.7 (0.3)20.1 (0.5)21.8 (0.5)24.3 (0.3)27.0 (0.3)30.1 (0.4)33.9 (0.6)36.5 (0.7)
19+6,44527.1 (0.2)19.3 (0.2)20.3 (0.2)22.4 (0.2)25.8 (0.3)30.4 (0.4)36.1 (0.5)40.0 (0.6)
Weight (kg)19–3094969.0 (1.2)45.4 (1.3)50.6 (1.4)57.7 (0.9)65.0 (1.2)75.0 (1.6)94.7 (3.7)111.9 (3.4)
31–502,77172.6 (0.9)50.1 (0.7)53.7 (0.6)58.8 (0.8)68.2 (0.6)81.7 (1.2)98.7 (2.7)113.7 (3.0)
51–702,06472.3 (0.7)49.8 (0.8)53.7 (0.6)59.9 (0.6)69.0 (0.7)81.6 (1.1)95.0 (1.2)103.4 (2.0)
> 7067669.3 (0.8)48.7 (1.2)53.8 (1.3)60.3 (0.8)68.3 (0.7)75.8 (1.1)85.6 (1.6)93.4 (1.7)
19+6,46071.6 (0.7)48.9 (0.6)53.1 (0.5)58.8 (0.5)68.1 (0.6)80.1 (0.9)95.5 (1.3)110.0 (2.1)
Height (cm)19–30948164.0 (0.5)151.6 (1.6)155.7 (1.0)158.9 (0.6)163.4 (0.5)169.0 (0.7)173.1 (0.6)175.0 (1.6)
31–502,768163.7 (0.3)153.3 (0.6)155.5 (0.3)159.0 (0.4)163.2 (0.3)168.1 (0.4)172.2 (0.5)175.1 (0.5)
51–702,065160.6 (0.3)149.7 (0.7)152.4 (0.4)156.3 (0.3)160.4 (0.4)165.1 (0.4)169.2 (0.4)171.5 (0.4)
> 70671158.1 (0.3)148.0 (0.7)150.3 (0.7)154.2 (0.5)157.8 (0.4)162.1 (0.4)166.1 (0.4)168.4 (0.5)
19+6,452162.3 (0.2)150.9 (0.3)153.7 (0.3)157.5 (0.2)162.1 (0.3)166.9 (0.3)171.3 (0.3)174.1 (0.4)
Waist circumference (cm)19–3094484.6 (1.0)65.8 (1.3)69.3 (1.1)73.9 (0.6)79.7 (1.3)91.3 (1.6)106.9 (2.9)116.9 (3.0)
31–502,76590.1 (0.9)69.8 (0.5)72.9 (0.4)78.2 (0.7)86.4 (0.8)98.1 (1.2)112.1 (2.0)123.2 (2.9)
51–702,06794.1 (0.6)72.9 (0.7)76.0 (0.5)82.4 (0.7)92.4 (0.7)103.6 (0.9)113.9 (1.0)121.4 (1.2)
> 7067294.2 (0.7)74.1 (1.1)78.0 (1.4)85.7 (1.1)93.2 (0.7)101.1 (0.8)111.0 (1.3)117.0 (1.1)
19+6,44890.7 (0.6)69.9 (0.5)73.1 (0.3)78.4 (0.6)87.9 (0.7)100.0 (0.9)112.4 (0.9)121.1 (1.3)
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
MeasureAge (y)nPercentiles
Mean (SE)5th (SE)10th (SE)25th (SE)50th (SE)75th (SE)90th (SE)95th (SE)
Waist–hip ratio19–305160.83 (0.01)0.74 (0.02)0.74 (0.01)0.78 (0.01)0.82 (0.01)0.88 (0.01)0.93 (0.01)0.97 (0.01)
31–501,3520.87 (0.00)0.76 (0.01)0.78 (0.01)0.82 (0.00)0.87 (0.01)0.91 (0.00)0.95 (0.01)0.98 (0.01)
51–701,0340.89 (0.00)0.77 (0.00)0.80 (0.00)0.84 (0.00)0.88 (0.00)0.93 (0.00)0.97 (0.00)0.99 (0.01)
> 703450.89 (0.00)0.78 (0.01)0.81 (0.01)0.85 (0.01)0.89 (0.00)0.94 (0.00)0.97 (0.01)1.00 (0.01)
19+3,2470.87 (0.00)0.75 (0.00)0.78 (0.00)0.82 (0.00)0.87 (0.00)0.92 (0.00)0.96 (0.00)0.99 (0.00)

NOTES: CHMS = Canadian Health Measures Survey; cm = centimeter; kg = kilogram; m = meter; mo = month; SE = standard error; y = year. All results are reported in metric units. All body measurement results are based on CHMS cycles 3 (2012–2013), 4 (2014–2015), 5 (2016–2017), and 6 (2018–2019). The population for all cycles was 3 to 79 years of age. The results from pregnant (adolescents and women) were excluded. Current breastfeeding status was not asked in the questionnaire for CHMS. BMI status was determined only in those with both valid measured height and weight. Waist–hip ratio was determined only in those with both valid measured waist and hip circumference; hip circumference was not measured in cycles 5 and 6. All results use survey weights to obtain estimates for the Canadian population and bootstrap weights to obtain standard errors, and are combined between the four cycles according to the documentation from Statistics Canada.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-9 Population Prevalence of Weight Categories, Children, NHANES, 2015–2018

AgeSexUnderweightSENormalSEOverweightSEObesitySE
2–3 yM3.01.068.63.514.92.613.52.3
F*76.22.513.82.16.90.9
4–8 yM3.51.064.22.215.21.217.11.7
F3.20.864.22.014.51.218.21.7
9–13 yM3.31.158.21.915.11.323.41.8
F2.50.659.91.918.91.718.71.6
14–18 yM6.31.857.02.415.81.320.81.9
F2.50.857.42.420.61.619.51.6

NOTES: F = female; M = male; SE = standard error; y = year. Pregnant and lactating adolescents excluded. Underweight: < 5th percentile of body mass index (BMI) for age; normal weight: 5th percentile to < 85th percentile; overweight: 85th percentile to < 95th percentile; obesity: 95th percentile and above (CDC).

*Estimate does not meet National Center for Health Statistics standards of reliability; see Series Report 2, Number 175 ([https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_175.pdf).

SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2018.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-10a Population Prevalence of Weight Categories, Children, CHMS, 2012–2019

AgeSexUnderweight (SE)Normal (SE)Overweight (SE)Obese (SE)
3 yM 4.8* (1.7) 72.7 (3.8) 14.7* (3.3) 7.8* (2.9)
F 3.3* (1.0) 72.3 (3.9) 16.8* (3.4) 7.6* (2.3)
4–8 yM 6.3* (1.1) 74.1 (1.9)10.5 (1.1)9.1 (1.3)
F3.5 (0.5)74.5 (1.6)12.9 (1.5)9.0 (0.9)
9–13 yM 4.0* (0.8) 69.1 (2.1)15.9 (1.4)11.0 (1.3)
F 4.7* (0.9) 71.3 (2.0)15.1 (1.8)8.9 (1.1)
14–18 yM 5.0*(0.9) 62.9(2.6)13.7(1.7)18.4(2.4)
F 3.6*(1.2) 73.2(1.7)13.2(1.5)10.0(1.1)

NOTES: CHMS = Canadian Health Measures Survey; F = female; M = male; SE = standard error; y = year. All results are reported in metric units. Underweight: < 5th percentile of BMI for age; normal weight: 5th percentile to < 85th percentile; overweight: 85th percentile to < 95th percentile; obese: 95th percentile and above (CDC). All body measurement results are based on CHMS cycles 3 (2012–2013), 4 (2014–2015), 5 (2016–2017), and 6 (2018–2019). The population for all cycles was 3 to 79 years of age. The results from pregnant (adolescents and women) were excluded. Current breastfeeding status was not asked in the questionnaire for CHMS. BMI status was determined only in those with both valid measured height and weight. Waist–hip ratio was determined only in those with both valid measured waist and hip circumference; hip circumference was not measured in cycles 5 and 6. BMI status in children 18 and under were determined using CDC percentiles. All results use survey weights to obtain estimates for the Canadian population and bootstrap weights to obtain standard errors and are combined between the four cycles according to the documentation from Statistics Canada.

*Data with a coefficient of variation from 16.6% or higher; interpret with caution.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-10b Population Prevalence of Weight Categories, Children, WHO Criteria, CHMS, 2012–2019

AgeSexThinness (SE)Normal (SE)At Risk of Overweight (SE)Overweight (SE)Obese (SE)
3 yM70.7 (4.5)22.2 (3.3)** < 3***
F73.3 (4.2) 19.8* (3.6) ****
4–5 yM72.4 (3.7) 19.3* (3.4) 4.3* (1.2) **
F78.9 (3.3) 17.0* (3.2) < 3*** **
5–8 yMF75.5 (2.6)12.6 (1.4)9.1 (1.4)
F < 3*** 74.3 (1.9)16.6 (1.7)8.4 (1.0)
9–13 yM 2.2* (0.7) 64.0 (2.0)20.5 (1.4)13.4 (1.2)
F 2.4* (0.5) 67.7 (2.4)20.2 (2.1)9.7 (1.1)
14–18 yM 2.4* (0.6) 61.9 (2.4)18.0 (1.8)17.6 (2.4)
F**70.3 (1.9)17.3 (1.8)10.8 (1.1)

NOTES: CHMS = Canadian Health Measures Survey; F = female; M = male; SD = standard deviation; SE = standard error; WHO = World Health Organization; y = year. Excludes pregnant adolescents. WHO criteria 61 months to 227 months. ≤ 2 SD below the mean = thinness; > 22SD below the mean and ≤ 1 SD above the mean = normal; greater than 1SD and ≤ 2 SD above the mean = overweight; > 2 SD above the mean = obesity.

*Data with a coefficient of variation from 16.6% or higher; interpret with caution.

**Data with a coefficient of variation greater than 33.3% with a 95% confidence interval not entirely between 0 and 3%; suppressed due to extreme sampling variability.

***Data with a coefficient of variation greater than 33.3% with a 95% confidence interval entirely between 0 and 3%; interpret with caution.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-11 Population Prevalence of Weight Categories and Abdominal Obesity, Adults, NHANES, 2015–2018

AgeSexUnder weightSENormalSEOver weightSEAll Obesity
19–30 yM3.30.737.32.226.92.332.5
F3.80.838.82.623.41.934.1
31–50 yM0.510.1118.11.437.62.043.7
F1.10.328.42.027.11.643.4
51–70 yM0.770.2819.71.936.92.042.6
F1.60.524.81.628.21.845.4
> 70 yM0.880.3821.01.741.42.036.7
F0.770.3125.81.834.31.739.1
19+ yM1.20.223.21.135.41.240.2
19+ yF1.80.228.81.227.80.741.7

NOTES: F = female; M = male; SE = standard error; y = year. Underweight: BMI < 18.5; normal weight: BMI 18.5 to < 25; overweight: BMI 25.0 to < 30; obesity: BMI ≥ 30.0; obesity class I: BMI 30 to < 35; obesity class II: BMI 35 to < 40; obesity class III: BMI ≥ 40 (CDC). Waist circumference > 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women. Pregnant and lactating women excluded.

SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2018.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
SEObesity Class ISEObesity Class IISEObesity Class IIISEAbdominal ObesitySE
3.119.82.27.81.24.90.830.62.9
2.315.11.39.91.79.11.150.92.3
2.224.61.611.01.18.10.948.32.2
1.619.21.010.90.913.31.467.91.7
2.326.12.410.61.35.90.857.32.3
2.121.91.613.21.110.21.176.32.1
2.725.62.18.61.82.50.862.72.7
1.823.62.410.31.55.21.080.11.9
1.824.21.49.90.66.10.648.71.7
1.419.90.811.40.710.30.769.11.4
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-12 Population Prevalence of Weight Categories and Abdominal Obesity, Adults, CHMS, 2012–2019

AgeSexUnderweight (SE)Normal (SE)Overweight (SE)
19–30 yM 2.2* (0.8) 47.6 (2.7)31.1 (2.1)
F 5.4* (1.5) 52.6 (3.1)23.3 (2.4)
31–50 yM 0.8* (0.3) 30.0 (1.9)40.0 (1.9)
F 3.1* (0.8) 42.7 (2.2)29.1 (1.8)
51–70 yM 0.2* (0.1) 24.4 (1.5)45.2 (1.8)
F 1.5* (0.6) 35.4 (1.9)32.4 (1.6)
> 70 yM**20.2 (2.5)50.9 (3.3)
F 1.3* (0.4) 28.0 (3.0)44.6 (3.3)
19+ yM 0.9* (0.2) 31.1 (1.0)40.6 (1.2)
19+ yF 2.9* (0.5) 41.1 (1.6)30.2 (1.1)

NOTES: CHMS = Canadian Health Measures Survey; F = female; M = male; SE = standard error; y = year. All results are reported in metric units. Underweight: BMI < 18.5; normal weight: BMI 18.5 to <25; overweight: BMI 25.0 to <30; obesity: BMI ≥ 30.0; obesity class I: BMI 30 to < 35; obesity class II: BMI 35 to < 40; obesity class III: BMI ≥ 40 (CDC). Waist circumference >102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women. All body measurement results are based on CHMS cycles 3 (2012–2013), 4 (2014–2015), 5 (2016–2017), and 6 (2018–2019). The population for all cycles was 3 to 79 years of age. The results from pregnant (adolescents and women) were excluded. Current breastfeeding status was not asked in the questionnaire for CHMS. BMI status was determined only in those with both valid measured height and weight. All results use survey weights to obtain estimates for the Canadian population and bootstrap weights to obtain standard errors and are combined between the four cycles according to the documentation from Statistics Canada.

*Data with a coefficient of variation (CV) 16.6% or higher; interpret with caution.

**Results are not reported in cells with responses from fewer than 5 unweighted respondents. Percentiles with fewer than 5 observations on either side of the percentile are also not reported.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
All Obesity (SE)Obesity Class I (SE)Obesity Class II (SE)Obesity Class III (SE)Abdominal Obesity (SE)
19.0 (2.0) 12.3* (2.2) 3.4* (1.1) 3.4* (1.0) 18.8 (2.5)
18.7 (2.3) 9.5* (1.7) 5.0* (1.3) 4.2* (1.1) 31.4 (2.9)
29.3 (2.2)20.0 (1.6)6.3 (0.9) 3.0* (0.9) 31.3 (2.2)
25.1 (1.9)12.1 (1.3)7.2 (1.1) 5.8* (1.1) 46.2 (2.4)
30.2 (1.8)22.1 (1.6)5.7E (1.0) 2.4* (0.5) 44.0 (1.9)
30.7 (1.8)16.7 (1.2)9.1 (1.4)4.8 (0.7)60.4 (1.8)
28.4 (2.8)21.8 (2.7)4.9 (0.8) 1.7* (0.6) 47.8 (3.1)
26.0 (2.6)18.7 (2.3) 5.1* (1.1) 2.2* (0.6) 68.5 (2.9)
27.4 (1.3)19.2 (1.1)5.4 (0.6) 2.8* (0.5) 34.1 (1.4)
25.9 (1.4)13.7 (0.8)7.3 (0.8)4.9 (0.5)49.9 (1.7)
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-13 Body Composition Summary Statistics, Boys and Men, 8–59 years, NHANES, 2015–2018

MeasureAgeNMeanSE
Total body fat mass (kg)8 y1769.50.4
9–13 y75114.40.4
14–18 y63717.60.6
19–30 y80622.50.5
31–50 y1,19125.90.4
51–59 y55425.20.6
19–59 y2,55124.70.3
Percent body fat (%)8 y17628.10.6
9–13 y75129.00.4
14–18 y63723.50.5
19–30 y80625.50.3
31–50 y1,19127.80.2
51–59 y55427.90.4
19–59 y2,55127.10.2
Lean mass index8 y17512.80.1
9–13 y74914.40.1
14–18 y63617.80.2
19–30 y80320.10.2
31–50 y1,18621.10.1
51–59 y55320.80.2
19–59 y2,54220.80.1
Fat mass index19–30 y8037.40.2
31–50 y1,1868.50.1
51–59 y5538.30.2
19–59 y2,5428.10.1
Visceral adipose tissue mass (g)8 y184192.86.0
9–13 y777235.35.1
14–18 y697247.95.4
19–30 y904358.79.7
31–50 y1,405570.710.6
51–59 y659733.117.0
19–59 y2,968540.69.4

NOTES: g = gram; kg = kilogram; m = meter; mo = month; SE = standard error; y = year. Includes dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data. Fat mass index calculated as fat mass/height2 and lean mass index as lean mass (including bone mineral content)/height2.
SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2018.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Percentiles
5th10th25th50th75th90th95th
4.54.95.77.712.416.720.2
5.96.68.111.318.126.732.2
8.08.510.313.421.032.841.1
9.110.413.720.128.436.745.7
12.415.119.424.430.739.545.5
11.514.919.124.429.336.644.4
10.612.617.623.529.938.545.6
18.819.522.726.632.139.240.7
17.718.921.927.535.840.542.5
14.615.517.321.128.534.738.9
14.815.919.825.031.035.437.0
18.020.724.327.631.334.937.4
17.521.224.528.131.234.136.5
15.918.622.927.131.235.037.1
10.811.011.712.613.714.715.2
11.511.712.714.015.717.318.5
13.514.516.017.419.321.523.2
15.416.217.919.822.023.925.4
16.917.619.020.822.924.726.6
16.917.418.720.422.624.526.0
16.217.118.620.522.624.426.1
2.93.44.56.59.512.114.7
4.14.86.48.010.012.514.7
3.84.76.47.99.511.913.9
3.54.15.87.69.812.314.6
125.6132.3142.0174.0217.8287.4317.3
132.4143.7164.4197.0280.5374.2448.3
149.1161.6178.4209.7274.4390.1472.2
175.0187.6220.8289.2446.4632.3761.8
226.5265.0375.0540.9724.5897.51043.7
287.7363.0500.3696.8939.11104.01290.7
193.9220.9306.8486.8712.5933.61072.8
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-14 Body Composition Summary Statistics, Girls and Women, 8–59 years, NHANES, 2015–2018

MeasureAgeNMeanSE
Total body fat mass (kg)8 y13910.90.5
9–13 y70315.60.4
14–18 y59823.20.5
19–30 y74928.00.9
31–50 y1,27831.80.5
51–59 y61031.80.7
19–59 y2,63730.70.5
Percent body fat (%)8 y13932.80.7
9–13 y70332.40.3
14–18 y59834.70.4
19–30 y74936.70.5
31–50 y1,27838.90.3
51–59 y61040.30.3
19–59 y2,63738.60.3
Lean mass index8 y13912.30.2
9–13 y70013.70.1
14–18 y59815.80.1
19–30 y74817.20.2
31–50 y1,27618.00.1
51–59 y60817.40.2
19–59 y2,63217.60.1
Fat mass index19–30 y74810.60.3
31–50 y1,27612.10.2
51–59 y60812.20.3
19–59 y2,63211.70.2
Visceral adipose tissue mass (g)8 y155133.610.7
9–13 y778169.45.8
14–18 y631218.28.6
19–30 y807322.412.2
31–50 y1,392488.013.1
51–59 y686596.818.8
19–59 y2,885470.111.0

NOTES: g = gram; kg = kilogram; m = meter; mo = month; SE = standard error; y = year. Includes dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data. Fat mass index calculated as fat mass/height2 and lean mass index as lean mass (including bone mineral content)/height2. Excludes pregnant and lactating adolescents and women.

SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2018.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Percentiles
5th10th25th50th75th90th95th
4.95.77.39.213.817.919.7
6.97.99.513.520.126.331.9
11.713.116.520.928.137.343.2
12.814.518.225.935.445.051.5
15.117.422.729.739.049.856.3
15.118.623.930.437.546.055.2
14.316.221.229.037.647.655.4
21.923.627.831.737.941.543.4
21.924.127.331.937.441.743.9
24.226.429.834.139.843.445.8
24.426.531.037.541.845.847.4
26.929.635.139.643.446.548.3
29.532.136.841.344.346.948.4
26.229.034.539.543.346.448.2
10.110.411.012.113.214.215.5
11.011.312.013.315.116.917.6
12.613.014.015.417.118.820.1
13.113.815.016.619.021.422.8
13.914.415.617.319.822.423.8
13.313.715.116.919.021.523.2
13.514.115.317.019.321.923.3
4.85.46.79.913.517.219.0
5.76.58.411.314.618.820.8
6.07.09.111.714.817.520.6
5.46.18.111.014.318.120.5
33.446.265.885.8158.0283.5359.2
36.660.587.6129.2230.1333.1418.1
68.285.9118.0177.5281.2402.5494.0
87.7101.6151.5267.6427.7588.8727.6
138.9173.7275.1431.9635.1884.81029.8
151.5212.8367.7577.5786.9966.51131.9
110.2142.8244.5413.3631.3856.01019.0
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-15 Population Prevalence of Intentional Weight Loss by Weight Category, Children, NHANES, 2015–2018

Trying to Lose Weight Currently or in the Past Year (%)
AgeSexOverallSEUnderweightSE
8 yMaa
Faa
9–13 yM53.12.6a
F53.72.3a
14–18 yM33.32.2b
F472.2a

NOTES: F = female; M = male; SE = standard error; y = year. Underweight: < 5th percentile of BMI for age; normal weight: 5th percentile to < 85th percentile; overweight: 85th percentile to < 95th percentile; obesity: 95th percentile and above (CDC). Excludes pregnant and lactating adolescents.

a Sample size < 30.

b Does not meet NCHS presentation standards.

SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2018.

TABLE L-16 Population Prevalence of Intentional Weight Loss by Weight Category, Adults, NHANES, 2015–2018

Trying to Lose Weight Currently or in the Past Year (%)
AgeSexOverallSEUnderweightSENormal WeightSE
19–30 yM27.22.1b7.41.8
F42.31.3b292.3
31–50 yM34.72.3a133.3
F42.91.6a27.43.4
51–70 yM31.52.1ab
F45.41.9a31.34.2
> 70 yM25.82a2.51
F29.42.4ab
19+ yM311.1b9.51.5
19+ yF41.61b26.61.6

NOTE: F = female; M = male; SE = standard error; y = year. Underweight: BMI < 18.5; normal weight: BMI 18.5 to < 25; overweight: BMI 25.0 to < 30; obesity: BMI ≥ 30.0; obesity class I: BMI 30 to < 35; obesity class II: BMI 35 to < 40; obesity class III: BMI ≥ 40 (CDC).

a Sample size < 30.

b Does not meet NCHS presentation standards.

SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2018.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
NormalSEOverweightSEObesitySE
aaa
aaa
38.93.472.83.782.23.2
373.273.85.291.72.2
16.81.955.36.569.74.1
33.72.559.94.778.33.2
OverweightSEAll ObesitySEObesity Class ISEObesity Class IISEObesity Class IIISE
34.63.846.5442.84bb
48.54.457.92.959.53.953.65.160.25.9
37.12.841.93.333.93.647.35.259.26
48.73.450.6243.13.352.83.759.73.2
27.43.444.83.142.93.6b56.25.1
50.63.251.63.149.33.353.95.353.56.4
22.32.643.63.741.94.3ba
35.13.338.13.833.65.7bb
31.51.543.91.939.62.346.24.657.43.6
46.8250.41.746.11.952.72.856.12.6
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

TABLE L-17 Population Prevalence of Intentional Weight Loss of 10 Pounds or More, Adults, NHANES, 2015–2018

AgeSexTimes Lost WeightOverallSEUnderweightSENormal WeightSE
19–30 yM052.92.4b79.62.4
1 to 228.52.1b15.52.3
3 to 512.92b30.8
6 to 102.50.6b0.50.4
11+3.20.7b1.30.8
F045.72.1b662.6
1 to 235.62b282.6
3 to 513.31.5b5.91.5
6 to 103.80.9b0.10.1
11+1.60.6bb
31–50 yM043.41.9a77.13
1 to 227.61.8a16.62.7
3 to 516.71.7ab
6 to 105.51a0.80.4
11+6.80.8a1.51
F029.51.9a48.94
1 to 233.31.8a27.33
3 to 523.61.4a21.13.1
6 to 107.80.7a1.70.7
11+5.91a1.10.9
51–70 yM044.11.9a79.83.9
1 to 224.31.8a9.72.3
3 to 517.71.7ab
6 to 105.91.2ab
11+81.2ab
F029.61.8a50.23.7
1 to 2291.6a28.63.4
3 to 520.91.5a15.13
6 to 1010.11a1.70.8
11+10.41.2ab
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
OverweightSEAll ObesitySEObesity Class ISEObesity Class IISEObesity Class IIISE
45.85.423.22.928.14.215.63.3b
385.538.43.838.54.432.96.1b
b25.93.724.54.4336.3b
1.50.9bbbb
2.10.86.71.5bbb
38.44.921.12.4243.716.53.521.421.4
37.74.5473.453.8458.65.322.34.8
15.33.222.12.515.63.2b41.56.7
b81.9bbb
b1.80.7bbb
52.33.521.1228.13.114.83.1b
25.32.434.52.638.23.1345.323.94.7
14.12.124.5320.32.927.15.733.45.8
3.319.425.31.3bb
51.410.61.58.12143.513.23.2
273.416.51.716.51.717.93.191.9
37.62.735.12.6404.431.94.230.53.8
23.9325.7220.11.829.94.930.44
6.81.812.71.212.92.513.23.8121.8
b101.6bb18.13.7
48.72.422.72.327.72.6bb
25.63.330.42.133.92.623.64b
14.12.526.42.721.63.235.26.3b
6.81.77.11.8bb10.62.8
4.81.413.52.2b20.65.820.45.3
29317.31.923.23.311.22b
38.43.824.11.926.92.823.63.618.63.9
18.53.125.5223.72.527.64.826.64.3
9.52.215.41.882.123.44.521.25.5
b17.72.118.23.614.33.621.15.4
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
AgeSexTimes Lost WeightOverallSEUnderweightSENormal WeightSE
> 70 yM052.52a783.4
1 to 224.71.8a16.92.3
3 to 513.71.6ab
6 to 105.91.5ab
11+3.20.6ab
F041.62.1a65.84.1
1 to 225.12a25.74
3 to 515.41.7ab
6 to 108.91.3ab
11+8.91.4ab
19+ yM046.81.399.20.878.81.7
1 to 226.41b14.41.5
3 to 515.80.9b4.10.8
6 to 1050.7b10.5
11+60.5b1.70.4
F034.51.3b55.91.9
1 to 231.21.2b27.61.8
3 to 519.50.8b13.11.4
6 to 107.90.5b1.40.4
11+70.5b20.7

NOTE: F = female; M = male; SE = standard error; y = year. Underweight: BMI < 18.5; normal weight: BMI 18.5 to < 25; overweight: BMI 25.0 to < 30; obesity: BMI ≥ 30.0; obesity class I: BMI 30 to < 35; obesity class II: BMI 35 to < 40; obesity class III: BMI ≥ 40 (CDC).

a Sample size < 30.

b Does not meet presentation standards.

SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2018.

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
OverweightSEAll ObesitySEObesity Class ISEObesity Class IISEObesity Class IIISE
55.52.833.4332.63.7ba
28.33.225.52.728.73.1ba
12.62.421.83.721.54.5ba
b12.93.2bba
1.30.46.31.57.11.8ba
42.33.2253.428.5523.66.5b
26.33.223.93.220.93.829.45.7b
13.82.724.73244286.6b
8.52.113.42.213.52.7bb
92.412.92.613.13.5bb
50.52.123.31.428.51.917.82.611.62.4
27.91.832.91.435.61.628.82.428.63.6
13.61.425.11.721.71.830.7329.54
40.88.41.36.61.57.92.116.43.5
3.90.810.417.71.314.83.313.92.4
32.31.818.71.123.61.915.91.512.51.7
35.91.831.51.434233.12.224.82.2
18.91.524.9121.41.526.12.530.42.3
7.61130.810.11.415.62.315.72.4
5.40.911.80.810.91.39.21.516.62.3
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 505
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 506
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 507
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 508
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 509
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 510
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 511
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 512
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 513
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 514
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 515
Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.
Page 516
Next Chapter: Appendix M: Estimated Energy Requirements by Body Weight Status
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