APPENDIX A

Survey Questionnaire

NCHRP SYNTHESIS 20-05, TOPIC 55-10

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION (FHWA) PROVEN SAFETY COUNTERMEASURES

SURVEY

LETTER TO THE RESPONDENT

Dear Participant,

The Transportation Research Board (TRB), through the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), under the sponsorship of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is preparing a synthesis report on Implementation of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Proven Safety Countermeasures.

The objective of the synthesis is to review and document DOT practices for the implementation of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures. To view the scope of this synthesis, please click this link.

Completion of this synthesis will assist state DOT with understanding and identifying practices to implement the FHWA proven safety countermeasures and thereby help to enhance highway safety. Your cooperation in completing this survey will help to ensure the success of this synthesis project, even if your DOT has not implemented any of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures. If your DOT has not implemented any of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures, the survey consists of two short multiple-choice questions that will take an estimated five minutes to complete. If your DOT has implemented some of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures, the survey includes 13 questions, and we estimate that the survey will take approximately 20 to 30 minutes to complete. DOT survey responses will be shown in the published synthesis report. However, the identity of survey respondents will remain anonymous.

You have been identified as the appropriate person at your DOT to complete this survey. The survey link that you received is unique for your DOT. If it would be more appropriate for someone else at your DOT to take this survey, please forward the email with the survey link to them or send their name and email address to Henry Brown. You may also collaborate with colleagues at your DOT to complete the survey by sharing the survey link with them. However, the survey may only be open on one computer at a time, and partial responses are saved upon closing the browser window. Consultation among DOT staff is encouraged, but we can only allow one response per DOT.

Additional instructions are provided at the beginning of the survey. If you would like to download a PDF version of the survey for informational purposes, please click here.

Please complete this survey by February 16, 2024. If you have any questions, please contact the Principal Investigator, Henry Brown. Any supporting materials may be sent by email to Henry or uploaded in lieu of providing URLs. Thank you for participating in this survey!

SURVEY INSTRUCTIONS

1. To begin the survey, click the forward arrow at the bottom of this page.
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SURVEY TIPS

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DEFINITIONS

The FHWA proven safety countermeasures consist of 28 countermeasures and strategies that have been found to be effective in reducing fatalities and serious injuries in crashes on roadways in the United States.

For an overview of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures, please click here. Links with additional information about each FHWA proven safety countermeasure are provided throughout the survey.

For purposes of this survey, the following definitions for stages of implementation of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures are used:

1. Not Implemented - The state has not started planning to use the FHWA proven safety countermeasure.
2. Development Stage - The state is developing an implementation process and building support by participating in webinars and peer exchanges and collecting guidance and best practices.
3. Demonstration Stage - The state is testing/piloting the FHWA proven safety countermeasure.
4. Assessment Stage - The state is assessing the performance of the FHWA proven safety countermeasure and adjusting any processes for deployment.
5. Institutionalized - The state has adopted the FHWA proven safety countermeasure and uses it to some extent.

These definitions are based on your DOT’s implementation of the FHWA proven safety countermeasure, regardless of when the countermeasure was designated as a FHWA proven safety countermeasure.

QUESTIONS

Contact Information

Name ___________________

State ___________________

Job Title ___________________

Phone Number _____________________

Email Address ______________________

1. Which of the following implementation stages best describes the current status of your DOT’s implementation of each of the following 28 FHWA proven safety countermeasures? To review the definitions of the implementation stages, please click here. For an overview of a given FHWA proven safety countermeasure, please click on the link for that countermeasure. (Skip to Question No. 14 if answer to all 28 FHWA proven safety countermeasures is “Not Implemented.”)

FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasure	Not Implemented	Development Stage	Demonstration Stage	Assessment Stage	Institutionalized
Appropriate Speed Limits for All Road Users
Speed Safety Cameras
Variable Speed Limits
Bicycle Lanes
Crosswalk Visibility Enhancements
Leading Pedestrian Interval
Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands in Urban and Suburban Areas
Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons
Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB)
Road Diets (Roadway Configuration)
Walkways
Enhanced Delineation for Horizonal Curves

1. Based on your response to Question No. 1, a list of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures that are Institutionalized (definitions of implementation stages) at your DOT is shown below. How frequently does your DOT use each of the following FHWA proven safety countermeasures? (Only display FHWA proven safety countermeasures with response “Institutionalized” for Question No. 1. Only display question if number of “Institutionalized” responses from Question No. 1 is greater than 0.)

FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasure	Standard Practice (May Be Based on Predefined Criteria)	Often	Sometimes	Rarely	Other
Appropriate Speed Limits for All Road Users
Speed Safety Cameras
Variable Speed Limits
Bicycle Lanes
Crosswalk Visibility Enhancements
Leading Pedestrian Interval
Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands in Urban and Suburban Areas
Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons
Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB)
Road Diets (Roadway Configuration)
Walkways
Enhanced Delineation for Horizonal Curves

A list of FHWA proven safety countermeasures for which you selected an implementation stage of Institutionalized and frequency of use of Other is shown below. Please briefly describe your DOT’s frequency of use for each of the following FHWA proven safety countermeasures. (For list of answers, only display FHWA proven safety countermeasures with response “Other” for Question No. 2. Only display question if they selected “Other” for any of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures in Question No. 2.)

2. Based on your response to Question Nos. 1 and 2, a list of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures that are Institutionalized (definitions of implementation stages) but not Standard Practice at your DOT is shown below. Which of the following FHWA proven safety countermeasures does your DOT most frequently consider for use on projects? You may select up to 5 FHWA proven safety countermeasures. (Only display FHWA proven safety

2. countermeasures for which “Standard Practice” was not selected in Question No. 2. Only display question if number of “Often,” “Sometimes,”“Rarely,” or “Other” responses from Question No. 2 is greater than 0. Validation to limit number of selections to 5 or less.)

   Appropriate Speed Limits for All Road Users

   Speed Safety Cameras

   Variable Speed Limits

   Bicycle Lanes

   Crosswalk Visibility Enhancements

   Leading Pedestrian Interval

   Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands in Urban and Suburban Areas

   Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons

   Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB)

   Road Diets (Roadway Configuration)

   Walkways

   Enhanced Delineation for Horizonal Curves

   Longitudinal Rumble Strips and Stripes on Two-Lane Roads

   Median Barriers

   Roadside Design Improvements at Curves

   SafetyEdge^SM

   Wider Edge Lines

   Backplates with Retroreflective Borders

   Corridor Access Management

   Dedicated Left- and Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections

   Reduced Left-Turn Conflict Intersections

   Roundabouts

   Systemic Application of Multiple Low-Cost Countermeasures at Stop-Controlled Intersections

   Yellow Change Intervals

   Lighting

   Local Road Safety Plans

   Pavement Friction Management

   Road Safety Audit

3. Based on your response to Question No. 1, a list of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures with an implementation status of Not Implemented, Development Stage, or Demonstration Stage (definitions of implementation stages) at your DOT is shown below. Which of the following factors has hindered your DOT’s efforts to implement each FHWA proven safety countermeasure? Please select all factors that apply for each FHWA proven safety countermeasure. (Only display FHWA proven safety countermeasures with response “Not Implemented,” “Development Stage,” or “Demonstration Stage” for Question No. 1. Only display question if number of “Not Implemented,” “Development Stage,” or “Demonstration Stage” responses from Question No. 1 is greater than 0.)

FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasure	Staffing or Funding Constraints	Implementation Concerns (e.g., Previous Experience, Lack of Equipment / Maintenance Public Concerns, Need to Develop Strategies)	Lack of Available Guidance	Lack of Information on Safety Benefits	Regulatory Barriers	Other	None
Systemic Application of Multiple Low-Cost Countermeasures at Stop-Controlled Intersections
Yellow Change Intervals
Lighting
Local Road Safety Plans
Pavement Friction Management
Road Safety Audit

Please briefly describe the other factors that have hindered your DOT’s efforts to implement each of the following FHWA proven safety countermeasures. (Only display question if they selected “Other” for any of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures in Question No. 4. For list of answers, only display FHWA proven safety countermeasures with response “Other” for Question No. 4.)

4. Based on your response to Question No. 1, a list of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures with an implementation status of Assessment Stage or Institutionalized (definitions of implementation stages) at your DOT is shown below. For which of the following FHWA proven safety countermeasures has your DOT developed any policies, standards, guidelines, or training materials for implementation? Please select all that apply. (Only display FHWA proven safety countermeasures with response “Assessment Stage” or “Institutionalized” for Question No. 1. Only display question if number of “Assessment Stage” or “Institutionalized” responses from Question No. 1 is greater than 0.)

   Appropriate Speed Limits for All Road Users

   Speed Safety Cameras

   Variable Speed Limits

   Bicycle Lanes

   Crosswalk Visibility Enhancements

   Leading Pedestrian Interval

   Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands in Urban and Suburban Areas

   Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons

   Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB)

   Road Diets (Roadway Configuration)

1. Walkways

   Enhanced Delineation for Horizonal Curves

   Longitudinal Rumble Strips and Stripes on Two-Lane Roads

   Median Barriers

   Roadside Design Improvements at Curves

   SafetyEdge^SM

   Wider Edge Lines

   Backplates with Retroreflective Borders

   Corridor Access Management

   Dedicated Left- and Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections

   Reduced Left-Turn Conflict Intersections

   Roundabouts

   Systemic Application of Multiple Low-Cost Countermeasures at Stop-Controlled Intersections

   Yellow Change Intervals

   Lighting

   Local Road Safety Plans

   Pavement Friction Management

   Road Safety Audit

   None of the above

Based on your response to Question No. 5, a list of FHWA proven safety countermeasures for which your DOT has developed resources is shown below. Please provide URL(s) for your DOT’s resources for those countermeasures in the boxes below, upload files, or email files to [ ]: (Only display question if any FHWA proven safety countermeasures are selected in Question No. 5. For list of answers, only display FHWA proven safety countermeasures selected in Question No. 5.)

5. For which of the following FHWA proven safety countermeasures has your DOT conducted any studies to evaluate safety performance? Please select all that apply. (Display all 28 FHWA proven safety countermeasures.)

   Appropriate Speed Limits for All Road Users

   Speed Safety Cameras

   Variable Speed Limits

   Bicycle Lanes

   Crosswalk Visibility Enhancements

   Leading Pedestrian Interval

   Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands in Urban and Suburban Areas

   Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons

   Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB)

   Road Diets (Roadway Configuration)

   Walkways

   Enhanced Delineation for Horizonal Curves

   Longitudinal Rumble Strips and Stripes on Two-Lane Roads

   Median Barriers

   Roadside Design Improvements at Curves

   SafetyEdge^SM

   Wider Edge Lines

   Backplates with Retroreflective Borders

   Corridor Access Management

   Dedicated Left- and Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections

   Reduced Left-Turn Conflict Intersections

   Roundabouts

1. Systemic Application of Multiple Low-Cost Countermeasures at Stop-Controlled Intersections

   Yellow Change Intervals

   Lighting

   Local Road Safety Plans

   Pavement Friction Management

   Road Safety Audit

   None of the above

Based on your response to Question No. 6, a list of FHWA proven safety countermeasures for which your DOT has conducted evaluation studies is shown below. Please provide URL(s) for your DOT’s evaluation studies for those countermeasures in the boxes below, upload files, or email files to Henry Brown: (Only display question if any FHWA proven safety countermeasures are selected in Question No. 6. For list of answers, only display FHWA proven safety countermeasures selected in Question No. 6.)

6. Based on your response to Question No. 1, a list of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures with an implementation status of Development Stage, Demonstration Stage, Assessment Stage, or Institutionalized (definitions of implementation stages) is shown below. For each of these FHWA proven safety countermeasures, what types of modifications or alternative strategies (if any) has your agency developed to help overcome challenges and implement the FHWA proven safety countermeasure? Please select all that apply for each FHWA proven safety countermeasure. (Only display FHWA proven safety countermeasures with response “Development Stage,” “Demonstration Stage,” “Assessment Stage,” or “Institutionalized” for Question No. 1. Only display question if number of “Development Stage,” “Demonstration Stage,” “Assessment Stage,” or “Institutionalized” responses from Question No. 1 is greater than 0.)

FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasure	Physical Changes	Change in Approach or Method to Implement	Alternative Delivery Mechanisms or Funding Sources	Pilot Projects	Change in Approach to Public Outreach	Other	None
Appropriate Speed Limits for All Road Users
Speed Safety Cameras
Variable Speed Limits
Bicycle Lanes
Crosswalk Visibility Enhancements
Leading Pedestrian Interval
Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands in Urban and Suburban Areas
Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons

FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasure	Physical Changes	Change in Approach or Method to Implement	Alternative Delivery Mechanisms or Funding Sources	Pilot Projects	Change in Approach to Public Outreach	Other	None
Systemic Application of Multiple Low-Cost Countermeasures at Stop-Controlled Intersections
Yellow Change Intervals
Lighting
Local Road Safety Plans
Pavement Friction Management
Road Safety Audit

Based on your response to Question No. 7, a list of FHWA proven safety countermeasures for which your DOT has developed modifications or alternative strategies is shown below. Please briefly describe the other modifications or alternative strategies developed by your DOT’s efforts to help overcome challenges and implement each of the following FHWA proven safety countermeasure. (Only display question if they selected “Other” for any of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures in Question No. 7. For list of answers, only display FHWA proven safety countermeasures with response “Other” for Question No. 7.).

7. Does your DOT’s approach to implementation of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures vary within different areas or regions of your state?

   Yes

   No

8. Which of the following factors affects the implementation of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures within different areas or regions of your state? Please select all that apply. (Only display if answer to Question No. 8 is “Yes.”)

   Climate

   Context/Area Type (urban, rural, suburban)

   Differences in District or Region policies

   Input from local agencies

   Land use context

   Safety Performance (e.g., crash history, network screening, etc.)

   Topography

   Other (Please describe ______)

9. Which of the following FHWA proven safety countermeasures has your DOT stopped implementing? Please select all that apply. (Display all 28 FHWA proven safety countermeasures.)

9. Appropriate Speed Limits for All Road Users

   Speed Safety Cameras

   Variable Speed Limits

   Bicycle Lanes

   Crosswalk Visibility Enhancements

   Leading Pedestrian Interval

   Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands in Urban and Suburban Areas

   Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons

   Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB)

   Road Diets (Roadway Configuration)

   Walkways

   Enhanced Delineation for Horizonal Curves

   Longitudinal Rumble Strips and Stripes on Two-Lane Roads

   Median Barriers

   Roadside Design Improvements at Curves

   SafetyEdge^SM

   Wider Edge Lines

   Backplates with Retroreflective Borders

   Corridor Access Management

   Dedicated Left- and Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections

   Reduced Left-Turn Conflict Intersections

   Roundabouts

   Systemic Application of Multiple Low-Cost Countermeasures at Stop-Controlled Intersections

   Yellow Change Intervals

   Lighting

   Local Road Safety Plans

   Pavement Friction Management

   Road Safety Audit

   None of the above

10. Based on your response to Question No. 10, a list of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures that your DOT has stopped implementing is shown below. For each FHWA proven safety countermeasure, which of the following factors contributed to your DOT’s decision to stop implementing the countermeasure? Please select all that apply for each FHWA proven safety countermeasure. (Only display question if they selected any countermeasures in Question No. 10. For answer choices, only display FHWA proven safety countermeasures selected in Question No. 10.)

Please briefly describe the other factors that contributed to your DOT’s decision to stop using each of the following FHWA proven safety countermeasures. (Only display question if they selected “Other” for any of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures in Question No. 10. For list of answers, only display FHWA proven safety countermeasures with response “Other” for Question No. 10.)

11. Has your DOT developed any policies, processes, procedures, or tools that consider and prioritize the FHWA proven safety countermeasures for implementation?

    Yes

    No

12. The synthesis study will also include case examples demonstrating DOT practices for the implementation of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures. The development of the case examples will require an additional follow-up interview. DOTs participating in the case examples will be provided with an opportunity to review the case example write-up for accuracy. The names of interviewees will be anonymous. The estimated time commitment for your DOT for the case example is 1 to 1.5 hours for the follow-up interview and 1 hour to review the write-up. Would your DOT be interested in participating in a case example?

    Yes

    No

13. To your knowledge, is your DOT considering implementing any of the FHWA proven safety countermeasures? (Only display if response to Question No. 1 = “Not Implemented”) for all 28 safety countermeasures).

    Yes

    Not at this time

    No, regulatory constraints prohibit use of these countermeasures

    No, other safety initiatives are a higher priority (Please briefly describe other initiatives______)

    Other (Please describe ______)

SUBMITTAL INSTRUCTIONS

To complete the survey and record your answers, please click the “Submit” button.

Please note that once you click the “Submit” button, you will not be able to modify your answers. To save your partial answers and complete the survey later, close the survey. Answers are automatically saved upon closing the browser window. To return to the survey later, open the original email from Henry Brown and click on the survey link. To pass a partially completed survey to a colleague, close the survey and forward the original email from Henry Brown to a colleague. Note that only one person may work on the survey at a time; the survey response should only be active on one computer at a time. To review your answers before submitting, please select the forward and back arrows at the bottom of each page.

END OF SURVEY

Thank you for completing this survey. Your efforts are greatly appreciated. Your responses are very important, and your feedback is welcome. For your information, a copy of your responses is provided below. You may download your responses in pdf format using the “Download pdf” link shown below. If you have any questions or comments, please contact the principal investigator, Henry Brown:

Henry Brown, P.E.
E2509 Lafferre Hall
University of Missouri

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