Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts (2025)

Chapter: Appendix A: DOT Survey

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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APPENDIX A

DOT Survey

The data given in the screenshot reads the following: NCHRP Initial D O T Survey Dear State Department of Transportation Official, The National Cooperative Highway Research Program (N C H R P) of the Transportation Research Board (T R B) under the sponsorship of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (F H W A) is preparing a synthesis on practices to enhance the resiliency of roadway and embankment culverts. The purpose of this survey is to document the state department of transportation (D O T) practices on culvert resiliency. Documenting practices and remedial measures for culvert management and maintenance is an important step in planning for improved system operations, performance, and resilience. The results of the survey will be incorporated into a synthesis of highway agency practice; the objective of this synthesis is to document management and maintenance practices used by state D O Ts to enhance the resiliency of existing roadway and embankment culverts. Typically, staff within the materials, bridge, maintenance, or hydraulic design office would be the appropriate person to fill out this survey since it asks detailed questions about design, installation, and maintenance practices. If you are not the appropriate person to complete this survey, please forward it to the correct person at your D O T. Consultation among D O T staff is encouraged, but we can only allow one respondent per D O T. Please complete this survey by 2/22/24. We estimate that it should take no more than 30 minutes to complete. It is designed so that you can exit and return to the survey. If you have any questions or issues with the survey, please contact Michael Pluimer. Survey tips: If you are unable to complete the survey in one sitting, you can return to the survey by reentering through the provided survey link as long as you access it through the same computer. Reentering the survey will return you to the last completed question. Survey navigation is conducted by selecting the “prev” (previous) or “next” button at the bottom of each page. Until you submit the survey, you may revise your answers at any time. There is no time limit once you begin the survey. However, your complete response is requested by 2/22/24. Incomplete surveys will not be recorded in this synthesis. Collaboration with others is likely necessary to complete this survey and is encouraged, but please only submit one survey per state D O T. Thank you for sharing your time and expertise with the D O T community. Sincerely, Michael Pluimer Please enter your full name.
Page 93
Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following: Please enter your full name. Please enter your title. Please enter the state D O T for which you work or represent. Please enter your phone number. Please enter your email address. In this survey, all questions are mandatory, and the software will not allow further progress until the answers are complete. Failing to answer a question will result in the following text display: “Please answer this question.” This message is referring to the question below it. Please provide an answer to all parts of the question before proceeding. Please reach out to Michael Pluimer with any questions. Section 1: Definitions of Terms Used in Questionnaire For the purposes of this questionnaire, please consider the following general definitions and clarifications of terms. Culvert A buried drainage structure underneath a roadway or embankment that is open at both ends and used to convey and transport water from one side of the roadway or embankment to the other. They can range in diameter or diagonal size from 15 inches up to 240 inches (20 feet) and can be circular, arched, elliptical, or box-shaped. For the purposes of this survey, the questions on culverts pertain only to those structures owned or maintained by the state D O T.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following, where the questions listed are accompanied by multiple-choice options: Section 1: Questions related to roadway and embankment culvert types and materials employed by the state 1. Approximately what percentage of the total state D O T culvert inventory does each of the following roadway and embankment culvert types comprise? Please make sure the total adds up to 100 percent. Reinforced concrete (R C P) – circular: Reinforced concrete – box: Reinforced concrete – 3-sided box: Reinforced concrete – elliptical: Reinforced concrete - arch: Corrugated metal – aluminized – circular: Corrugated metal – galvanized – circular: Corrugated metal – polymer coated – circular: Corrugated metal – arch: Corrugated metal – aluminized – arch: Corrugated polypropylene (P P) – circular: Corrugated polyethylene (H D P E) – circular: Steel-reinforced polyethylene (S R P E) – circular: Other (Please specify): Total: 2. Do you have an expected design service life of state D O T roadway and embankment culverts? Yes No 2a. What is the expected design service life of state D O T roadway and embankment culverts? 25 years 50 years 75 years 100 years Other (please specify)
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following, where the questions listed are accompanied by multiple choice options: 2b. Does the specified service life of state D O T roadway and embankment culverts change based on culvert material and or soil type? Select all that apply or select “Neither.” Culvert material Soil Type (based on geological region and or corrosive or non-corrosive environment) Neither culvert material nor soil type affects the specified service life. 3. Approximately how many culverts are owned and maintained by the D O T? 0 to 999 1,000 to 4,999 5,000 to 9,999 10,000 to 19,999 20,000 to 49,999 50,000 to 99,999 100,000 or more Section 2: Questions Related to Life-Cycle Cost Analysis and Risk Assessment For the purposes of the questions below, life-cycle cost analysis (L C C A) refers to an economic analysis tool to determine the most cost-efficient option from a selection of choices. Risk assessment refers to a formal analysis tool to evaluate and quantify the vulnerability and relative resilience of culverts. Cost–benefit analysis (C B A) refers to a formal method of comparing the benefits of taking some type of action on the culvert (example repair or replacement) with the costs associated with that action.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following, where the questions listed are accompanied by multiple choice options: 4. Does the state D O T have a formal risk assessment methodology to evaluate culvert resiliency and durability? Yes No 4a. Please upload the document(s) associated with the formal risk assessment methodology here: 4b. Please upload the link(s) associated with the formal risk assessment methodology here: 5. How does the state D O T determine if a culvert should be considered for replacement or rehabilitation? Check all that apply. Routine maintenance Field inspections Video or Camera inspections Other (please specify)
Page 97
Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following, where the questions listed are accompanied by multiple-choice options: 6. Which of the following methods does the state D O T employ to aid in decisions related to replacing or rehabilitating roadway and embankment culverts to enhance resiliency? Check all that apply or select “No formal analysis.” Life-cycle cost analysis (L C CA) Cost–benefit analysis (C B A) Risk assessment Other formal analysis (please specify) No formal analysis 6a. Please upload any document(s) associated with the decision process of replacement and rehabilitation of roadway and embankment culverts here: 6b. Please upload any link(s) associated with the decision process of replacement and rehabilitation of roadway and embankment culverts here:
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following, where the questions listed are accompanied by multiple-choice options: Section 3: Questions Related to Roadway and Embankment Culvert Maintenance and Management Practices 7. For which of the following culvert sizes does the state D O T have a formal culvert asset management system in place? Please select all that apply. 15 inches to 48 inches 54 inches to 120 inches 120 inches to 240 inches No culverts (asset management system not in place) Other (please specify) 8. Does the size and or material of DOT culverts affect inspection and maintenance practices? Select all that apply or select “Neither.” Size Culvert Material Neither size nor culvert material affects inspection and maintenance practices. 8a. With what frequency are the culverts under state D O T jurisdiction inspected or assessed? Check the most appropriate frequency. Every year Every 2 years Every 3 years Every 4 years Every 5 to 10 years
Page 99
Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following: Other (please specify) 8b. With what frequency are the culverts under state D O T jurisdiction inspected or assessed? Check the most appropriate frequency for each culvert size. The first column header is blank. The second column header is frequency. The data given in the table row-wise is as follows: Row 1: 15 inches to 48 inches; 1 equals every year... 5 equals every 5 or more years. Row 2: 9 inches to 120 inches; 1 equals every year ... 5 equals every 5 or more years. Row 3: 120 inches to 240 inches; 1 equals every year ... 5 equals every 5 or more years. 9. Of the following culvert maintenance and inspection practices, rank their importance with regard to enhancing culvert resiliency. The first column header is blank. The second column header is Level of importance (1 equals extremely Important, 5 equals not at all important). The data given in the table row-wise are as follows: Row 1: Cleaning culvert barrel; 1 equals extremely important ... 5 equals not at all important. Row 2: Removing debris from culvert inlet or outlet; 1 equals extremely important ... 5 equals not at all important. Row 3: Video or physical inspection of the culvert for spalling, cracking, abrasion, deflection, joint separation, or other degradation mechanisms Important; 1 equals extremely important ... 5 equals not at all important. Row 4: Assessing remaining service life of culvert; 1 equals extremely important ... 5 equals not at all important. Row 5: Ditch mowing or vegetation management around culvert inlet and outlet Important; 1 equals extremely important ... 5 equals not at all important. Row 6: Scour or channel degradation protection; 1 equals extremely important ... 5 equals not at all important. Row 7: Other (please specify); 1 equals extremely Important ... 5 equals not at all important.
Page 100
Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following: 10. Of the following culvert maintenance and inspection practices, rank their frequency of implementation with regard to enhancing culvert resiliency. The first column header is blank. The second column header is frequency of practice (1 equals every year, 2 equals every 2 years, 5 equals 5 or more years, 0 equals not practiced, or as needed or reactive maintenance only). The data given in the table row-wise are as follows: Row 1: Cleaning culvert barrel; 1 equals every year ... as needed or reactive maintenance only. Row 2: Removing debris from culvert inlet or outlet; 1 equals every year ... as needed or reactive maintenance only. Row 3: Video or physical inspection of the culvert for spalling, cracking, abrasion, deflection, joint separation, or other degradation mechanisms; 1 equals every year .. as needed or reactive maintenance only. Row 4: Assessing remaining service life of culvert; 1 equals every year .. as needed or reactive maintenance only. Row 5: Ditch mowing or vegetation management around culvert inlet and outlet; 1 equals every year ... as needed or reactive maintenance only. Row 6: Scour or channel degradation protection; 1 equals every year ... as needed or reactive maintenance only. Row 7: Other (please specify); 1 equals every year ... as needed or reactive maintenance only.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following: Section 4: Questions Related to Failure Mechanisms, Durability, and Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Roadway and Embankment Culverts. 11. Rank the most common documented failures exhibited by state D O T culverts related to deficiencies in resiliency. Please provide an answer for each of the options. The first column header is blank. The second column header is the frequency of failure. The data given in the table row-wise are as follows: Row 1: Overtopping of roadway; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common. Row 2: Infiltration or piping of backfill materials through joints or embankment; 1 equals most or extremely Common ... 5 equals not at all common. Row 3: Flotation or buoyancy of culvert; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common. Row 4: Erosion of embankment materials; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common. Row 5: Upstream and downstream channel stability (example scour and channel degradation); 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common. Row 6: Separation of culvert joints; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common. Row 7: Premature degradation of culvert material or system (example corrosion, spalling, abrasion, etc.); 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common. Row 8: Burning or structural degradation of culvert; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common. Row 9: Impact damage due to debris or other; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common. Row 10: Debris clogging; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common. Row 11: Deformation or cracking due to excessive live load; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common. Row 12: Other (please specify); 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following: 12. Select and rank the following practices employed by the state D O T to enhance the resiliency of state D O T culverts, with 1 being the most common, 2 being the 2nd most common… and 5 being not at all common or not practiced. Please provide an answer for each of the options. The first column header is blank. The second column header is the frequency of practice. The data given in the table row-wise are as follows: Row 1: Armoring or reinforcing the embankment materials; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not Practiced. Row 2: Sliplining the culvert with a more resilient material; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 3: Cured-in-place pipe liners; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 4: More frequent maintenance, cleaning, and inspection of culverts; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 5: Cathodic protection; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 6: Invert repairs or invert paving; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 7: Stabilizing the fill around the culvert with grout, flowable fill, or foam; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 8: Removing and replacing culvert with a more resilient material; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 9: Repairing or sealing the joints of the culvert; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 10: Spot repairing or patching the barrel of the culvert; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 11: Lengthening the culvert; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 12: Upsizing the culverts to increase hydraulic capacity; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 13: Scour repair or protection; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 14: Improving inlet or outlet conditions to enhance flow; 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced. Row 15: Other (please specify); 1 equals most or extremely common ... 5 equals not at all common or not practiced.
Page 103
Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following, where the questions listed are accompanied by multiple-choice options: 13. Which of the following practices are employed to develop more resilient state D O T culverts? Select all that apply. Research and development of new resilient culvert materials Monitoring of existing culvert systems to determine primary degradation mechanisms Research on changing hydraulic demands due to increasing frequencies and magnitudes of flood events Research and development of new resilient culvert backfill materials Average Daily Traffic (A D T) Other (please specify). 14. Which of the following practices are employed by the state D O T to mitigate against piping at the outlets and soil loss through joints due to pressure heads induced by storm event flooding and inundation? Select all that apply. Sliplining the culvert with a more resilient, watertight material Repairing the culvert joints with a watertight seal Stabilizing the fill around the culvert with flowable fill, foam, or grout Specifying watertight joints when installing new or replacement culverts Specifying backfill materials that are less prone to piping and soil loss through joints Other (please specify)
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following: 15. Approximately how many state D O T culverts of each type and material have been replaced due to lack of resiliency or premature damage over the past 20 years? Please select an answer for each of the options. The first column header is blank. The second column header is the number of culverts. The data given in the table row-wise are as follows: Row 1: Reinforced concrete (R C P)– circular; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 2: Reinforced concrete – box; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 3: Reinforced concrete – 3-sided box; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 4: Reinforced concrete – elliptical; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 5: Reinforced concrete – arch; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 6: Corrugated metal – aluminized – circular; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 7: corrugated metal – galvanized – circular; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 8: corrugated metal – polymer coated – circular; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 9: Corrugated metal – arch; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 10: Corrugated metal – aluminized – arch; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 11: Corrugated polyethylene (H D P E) – circular; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 12: Corrugated polypropylene (P P) – circular; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 13. Steel-reinforced polyethylene (S R P E) – circular; 0 culverts... not applicable. Row 14: Other (Please specify); 0 culverts... not applicable.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following: 16. When replacing state D O T culverts to enhance resiliency, assign the importance of the following attributes. Please provide an answer for each of the options. The first column header is blank. The second column header is the importance of the attribute. The data given in the table row-wise are as follows: Row 1: Joint performance; 1 equals very important ... 3 equals less important. Row 2: Type and quality of culvert backfill materials; 1 equals very important ... 3 equals less important. Row 3: Culvert material abrasion resistance; 1 equals very important ... 3 equals less important. Row 4: Culvert material corrosion resistance; 1 equals very important ... 3 equals less important. Row 5: Culvert material flame resistance; 1 equals very important ... 3 equals less important. Row 6: Culvert hydraulic capacity or size; 1 equals very important ... 3 equals less important. Row 7: End treatment resilience or scour protection; 1 equals very important ... 3 equals less important. Row 8: Average daily traffic (A D T) experienced by the culvert (if applicable); 1 equals very important ... 3 equals less important. Other system attributes (please specify); 1 equals very important ... 3 equals less important. Section 5: Questions related to types of extreme weather events of concern for culvert resilience Various extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and magnitude, as evident by the number of billion-dollar disaster events reported by N O A A. The increasing frequency and magnitude of these events can have an adverse impact on culvert performance and durability. These questions address the types of extreme weather events that are of most concern for the state D O T as related to culvert resilience and performance.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following: 17. Based on the likelihood of the following extreme weather events occurring in the future, how concerned is the state D O T with the performance of state D O T culverts during these events? The data given in the table row-wise are as follows: Row 1: Flood event or severe storm; 1- extremely concerned ... 3- not concerned. Row 2: Hurricane; 1- extremely concerned ... 3- not concerned. Row 3: Drought; 1- extremely concerned ... 3- not concerned. Row 4: Tornado; 1- extremely concerned ... 3- not concerned. Row 5:Wildfire; 1- extremely concerned ... 3- not concerned. Row 6: Earthquake or seismic activity; 1- extremely concerned ... 3- not concerned. Row 7: Extreme temperature fluctuations; 1- extremely concerned ... 3- not concerned. 18. Which of the following extreme weather events have resulted in the replacement or repair of a state D O T culvert? Check all that apply. Flood event or severe Storm Hurricane Drought Tornado Wildfire Earthquake or seismic activity Extreme temperature fluctuations.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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The data given in the screenshot reads the following: 19. Which of the following post-event response practices have been employed by the state D O T to maintain, manage, and resume culvert function and performance? Inspection of all culverts affected by the event Rapid replacement or repair of culverts that have been damaged by the event Cleaning and removal of debris from culverts affected by the event Other (please list) 20. This synthesis will also include at least 5 case examples describing diverse representations of culvert types (example, arches, boxes, and circular culverts) and materials (example, plastic, concrete, metal, and composite) specified and installed in their states. The case examples will also represent a variety of potential threats that could impact culvert resiliency, including floods, hurricanes, severe storms, and wildfires. Development of the case examples will require a follow-up interview to gather more details of agency practices. State D O T s participating in the development of case examples will have an opportunity to review the draft case examples prior to publication. Would your state D O T be interested in participating as a case example? Yes No END OF SURVEY If you are finished with the survey, please advance forward to submit your answers. Once you hit the “Next” button, you will not be able to re-enter the survey to edit your answers.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Suggested Citation: "Appendix A: DOT Survey." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29134.
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Next Chapter: Appendix B: State DOT Responses to Survey
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