State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment (2025)

Chapter: 4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being

Previous Chapter: 3 Data and Knowledge for Cumulative Impact Assessment
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 71
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 72
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 73
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 74
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 75
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 76
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 77
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 78
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 79
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 80
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 81
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 82
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 83
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 84
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 85
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 86
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 87
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 88
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 89
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 90
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 91
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 92
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 93
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 94
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 95
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 96
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 97
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 98
Suggested Citation: "4 Methodological Approaches to, Frameworks for, and Uncertainties in Assessing Overall Health and Well-Being." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29182.
Page 99
Next Chapter: 5 The Path Forward: Practical Applications for Cumulative Impact Assessment
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