Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies (2026)

Chapter: 4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects

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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 148 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 151 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 154 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 155 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 157 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 158 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 164 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 166 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 167 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 168 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 169 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 170 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 171 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 172 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 173 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 174 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Page 175 Cite Bookmark
Suggested Citation: "4 Elevating the Foundational Competencies within STEM-related Subjects." National Research Council. 2026. Data and Computing in K–12 Education: Foundational Competencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29303.
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Next Chapter: 5 Effective Learning Experiences
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