Economic and programmatic transitions are changing the global health landscape profoundly. A cohort of countries that have historically relied on development assistance for health (DAH) is transitioning into higher-income status. At the same time, countries that have provided DAH are shifting focus away from traditional development assistance in favor of investments focused on value for money and global public goods. Planned by an ad hoc expert committee, this National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine public workshop will examine these transitions and innovative models for sustainable solutions in the current global health context.