Malaria is a constant threat for nearly half of the world’s population, and people who travel to those areas are also at risk. Although the short-term side effects of prophylactic drugs are well-characterized, the potential long-term health effects that might occur as a result of using these drugs is less clear. At the Department of Veterans Affairs request, the National Academies has convened an expert committee to assess the scientific evidence regarding the potential for long-term health effects resulting from the use of antimalarial drugs that were approved by FDA or used by U.S. service members for malaria prophylaxis.