Challenges of cancer control start with complex nature of cancers themselves. The burdens of cancers are broad and diverse. Cancer control efforts in the U.S are complex, involving more than a dozen federal agencies, 65 states and territories, Many nonprofit organizations and for-profit companies. The National Academies with support from the American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Cancer Institute initiated a consensus study to examine cancer control efforts in the U.S and recommend a national strategy to reduce the incidence, morbidity, and mortality from cancer and to improve quality of life for cancer survivors.