Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the standard of care for multiple types of cancer and represent the majority of new cancer drug applications to the FDA. There has been growing interest in combining checkpoint inhibitors with other therapies to improve efficacy. Several challenges impede optimal development of combination therapies with checkpoint inhibitors, such as prioritizing combinations for testing, identifying patients who are most likely to benefit, assessing endpoints for safety and clinical benefit, overcoming resistance to therapy, and developing cancer site-agnostic indications. This workshop examined the opportunities to improve the development of combination cancer therapies that include immune checkpoint inhibitors.