The purpose of this workshop was to discuss the possibilities for improving and ensuring the quality of cancer care through the oncology workforce. There is strong evidence that the U.S. oncology workforce is going to experience labor shortages resulting from an aging population and an inadequate number of new professionals being trained. The incidence of cancer rises with age, and cancer especially prevalent in individuals over the age of 65. The Census Bureau projects that the number of Americans 65 years and older will double between 2000 and 2030. This means that the number of individuals diagnosed with cancer will also significantly increase during this time period. At the same time, the current oncology workforce is aging and heading into retirement. A recent survey conducted by the American Society of Clinical Oncology found that the demand for oncologists is likely to increase dramatically between now and 2020, with a 48% increase in cancer incidence and an 81% increase in people living with or surviving cancer. The supply of oncologists is projected to increase only 14% during the same timeframe. This means that there is an anticipated shortfall of 9.4-15 million patient visits to oncologists, or a shortage of 2,500 - 4,080 oncologists.