While there have been many studies over the years reporting subtle differences between men and women with respect to clinical features and treatment responses of several neuropsychiatric syndromes, our understanding of the biological underpinnings has advanced only recently with the advent of unbiased genome-wide data. On September 23, 2020, the Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorder hosted a virtual public workshop that brings together experts and key stakeholders to explore emerging evidence regarding differences in transcriptomic abnormalities that occur in the brains of men versus women with a variety of brain disorders.