Policies and Practices for Supporting Family Caregivers Working in Science, Engineering, and Medicine

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Family caregiving is not simply an outside obligation that has no bearing on the workings of academic science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) as it affects the lives of so many people working and studying in colleges and universities around the country. Caregiving responsibilities often clash with ingrained norms in academic STEMM environments, which demand that STEMM students and workers demonstrate immense devotion to their fields and are always available and visibly working.

Supporting Family Caregivers in STEMM describes the ways in which the labor and contributions of caregivers are often invisible and undervalued, with a specific focus on the academic STEMM ecosystem, including undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, resident physicians and other trainees, tenure-track and non-tenure-track faculty, staff, and researchers. This report reviews policies and practices that support caregivers, locally and nationally, and describes best practices in policy implementation and design. Supporting Family Caregivers in STEMM also highlights innovative practices and offers actionable recommendations to higher education institutions, public and private funders, and the federal government.

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222 pages · 6 x 9 · paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71358-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71359-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/27416

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Supporting Family Caregivers in STEMM: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Elena Fuentes-Afflick

Elena Fuentes-Afflick, MD, MPH, is Professor of Pediatrics and Vice Dean for the UCSF School of Medicine at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Throughout her career, Dr. Fuentes-Afflick has personally managed and mentored faculty and staff on a range of caregiving issues in the context of academic medicine. In 2010, Dr. Fuentes-Afflick was elected to membership in the National Academy of Medicine and has served on numerous consensus committees, the Membership Committee, the Diversity Committee, was elected to the Governing Council, the Executive Committee of Council, and was elected Home Secretary. In 2020, Dr. Fuentes-Afflick was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Dr. Fuentes-Afflick obtained her undergraduate and medical degrees at the University of Michigan and a Masters degree in Public Health (Epidemiology) from the University of California, Berkeley. She completed her Pediatric residency and chief residency at UCSF, followed by a research fellowship at the Phillip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies at UCSF.

Marianne Bertrand

Marianne Bertrand is the Chris P. Dialynas Distinguished Service Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Born in Belgium, Professor Bertrand received a Bachelor's Degree in economics from Belgium's Universite Libre de Bruxelles in 1991, followed by a Master's Degree in econometrics from the same institution the next year. She earned a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University in 1998. She was a faculty member in the Department of Economics at Princeton University for two years before joining Chicago Booth in 2000. Professor Bertrand is an applied micro-economist whose research covers the fields of labor economics, corporate finance, political economy and development economics. Her research in these areas has been published widely, including numerous research articles in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, the Journal of Political Economy, the American Economic Review, and the Review of Economic Studies. Professor Bertrand is a Co-Director of Chicago Booth’s Rustandy Center for Social Sector Innovation and the Director of the Inclusive Economy Lab at the University of Chicago Urban Labs. Professor Bertrand also served as co-editor of the American Economic Review. She has received several awards and honors, including the 2004 Elaine Bennett Research Prize, awarded by the American Economic Association to recognize and honor outstanding research in any field of economics by a woman at the beginning of her career, and the 2012 Society of Labor Economists’ Rosen Prize for Outstanding Contributions to Labor Economics. Bertrand is a Research Fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research, the Center for Economic Policy Research, and the Institute for the Study of Labor. She is also a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the Econometric Society, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Mary Blair-Loy

Mary Blair-Loy (she/her) is Professor of Sociology at UC San Diego. She uses multiple methods to study gender, work, and family. Much scholarship emphasizes individuals’ strategic trade-offs or implicit biases. In contrast, Professor Blair-Loy analyzes normative cultural models of a worthwhile life, including the “work devotion schema” (which defines professional work as a calling that penalizes involved caregiving) and the “schema of scientific excellence” (which defines scholarly excellence in terms of culturally masculine traits such as assertive self-promotion). Her 2022 book Misconceiving Merit with Erin Cech uses multiple types of evidence to show that these cultural schemas are broadly embraced yet harm scientists and science. A 2022 article in Science shows how hiring rubrics can devalue women academic engineers. A 2019 PNAS article with Cech uses longitudinal data to show substantial attrition of new mothers from STEM and was recognized as a Top 10 PNAS Article of 2019 to make a “large impact on the public understanding of science.” Professor Blair-Loy has been recognized as a “Top Ten Extraordinary Contributor” in the “Landmark Contributions” category in the international field of Work-Family Research. She holds a BA and PhD from the University of Chicago and an MDiv from Harvard.

Kathleen E. Christensen

Kathleen Christensen, Ph.D., is a Faculty Fellow at Boston College’s Center for Social Innovation. She is a pioneering leader in research and policy on the work and family needs of the U.S. workforce. At the Center, she co-directs Work Equity, a major new initiative to address and mitigate the gender, racial, and stage-in-life inequities that are baked into the structure of work. She previously served as Program Director, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Consulting Research Scholar, Stanford University, and Professor of Psychology, Graduate Center, City University of New York. Over two decades with the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, she led innovative and multidisciplinary programs that inspired, accelerated, and produced lasting impact. Her expertise in working with academic, governmental, and business communities fostered innovation and built research capacity through programs and networks. Her accomplishments include the establishment of programs that were ahead of their times, focused on work-family, workplace flexibility, faculty career flexibility, aging and work, and the impacts of outsourcing on the U.S. workforce. Recognized for her expertise on job design, career flexibility, and caregiving, Dr. Christensen worked closely with the White House on its 2010 Forum on Workplace Flexibility and its 2014 Summit on Working Families. She has been recognized as one of the “Seven Wonders” of the work-life field. Her academic honors include Danforth, Mellon, and National Endowment for the Humanities fellowships. Dr. Christensen is the author/editor of seven books. Dr. Christensen received her Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University in geography and philosophy of science and her B.S., Summa cum laude, from the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay in urban studies and psychology.

J. Nicholas Dionne-Odom

J. Nicholas Dionne-Odom, PhD, RN, ACHPN, FPCN, FAAN is an Associate Professor in the School of Nursing at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Co-Director of Caregiver and Bereavement Support Services in the UAB Center for Palliative and Supportive Care. Dr. Dionne-Odom is board-certified in hospice and palliative care advanced practice nursing with over 10 years clinical experience in critical care and 10 years in telehealth palliative care coaching. He is a nationally and internationally recognized expert in developing and testing early palliative interventions for family caregivers of individuals with serious illness, focusing particularly historically under-resourced populations. Dr. Dionne-Odom’s research has totaled $9 million from NINR, NCI, the National Palliative Care Research Center, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Cambia Health Foundation, Sigma Theta Tau International, the American Association of Critical Care Nursing, and the UAB Center for Palliative and Supportive Care. In 2020, he received Protégé Award from the Friends of the National Institute of Nursing Research and was inducted as Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing. Dr. Dionne-Odom acquired his BSN from Florida State University (2002), an MA in Philosophy and Education from Teachers College, Columbia University (2006), an MSN in Nursing at Boston College (2010), and his PhD in Nursing at Boston College (2013).

Mignon Duffy

Mignon Duffy's primary research interests center around care work - the work (paid and unpaid) of taking care of others, including children and those who are elderly, ill or disabled. She is particularly interested in how the social organization of care intersects with gender, race, class and other systems of inequality. Her most recent project is an edited volume (co-edited with Amy Armenia and Kim Price-Glynn) that is forthcoming from Rutgers University Press entitled From Crisis to Catastrophe: Care, COVID, and Pathways to Change. She is also the co-editor of Caring on the Clock: The Complexities and Contradictions of Paid Care (2015) and the author of Making Care Count: One Hundred Years of Gender, Race, and Paid Care Work (2011). Duffy is also a longtime leader (currently serving as past chair) of the Carework Network, an international organization of care work researchers and advocates. Her research has appeared in peer-reviewed journals such as Gender & Society and Social Problems. Committed to connecting her research to policy, Duffy has worked in collaboration with policy organizations such as the United Nations, the International Labor Organization, and the World Economic Forum.

Jeff Gillis-Davis

Dr. Gillis-Davis is a professor of Physics and Washington University in St. Louis. Previously, he was faculty at the University of Hawaii at Manoa (2003-2018). Gillis-Davis combines experiments, remote sensing, and sample analysis to study the geology of the Moon, Mercury, and asteroids. His primary research area centers on a process known as space weathering. To study space weathering in the lab, he uses lasers to replicate the impact of dust-sized particles on the surfaces of these airless bodies. The intense impact energy of these dust-sized particles transforms minerals into glass, can destroy polar ice deposits, or lead to intriguing chemical processes. Jeff leads a team of researchers who study the complex processes and environments that determine where ice will be, how it may be modified, how water was delivered to the Moon, and its active water cycle. This team is called the Interdisciplinary Consortium for Evaluating Volatile Origins (ICE Five-O), one of NASA’s Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI). He has also participated as a science team member in three NASA missions: Clementine, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Miniature Radio-Frequency team, and MESSENGER.

Reshma Jagsi

Reshma Jagsi, M.D., D.Phil., is Chair of the Department of Radiation Oncology at Emory University and Winship Cancer Institute. A graduate of Harvard College, Harvard Medical School, and the University of Oxford, where she studied as a British Marshall Scholar, she completed her residency training and an ethics fellowship at Harvard before joining the faculty of the University of Michigan, where she served as the Director of its Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine. Gender equity in academic medicine has been a key area of her scholarly focus, a subject to which she brings her perspective as a physician and social scientist, to promote evidence-based intervention. Author of over 400 articles in peer-reviewed journals, including multiple high-impact studies in journals such as the New England Journal of Medicine, the Lancet, and JAMA, her research to promote gender equity has been funded by R01 grants from the National Institutes of Health as well as large independent grants from the Doris Duke Foundation and several other philanthropic foundations. Her Doris Duke Foundation grant has focused specifically on the development and evaluation of programs intended to support academic medical faculty with family caregiving demands, including an initiative that began well before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and a new program inspired by the pandemic and the NASEM report on COVID and women. She has mentored dozens of others in research investigating women’s under-representation in senior positions in academic medicine and the mechanisms that must be targeted to promote equity. Active in organized medicine, she has served on the Steering Committee of the AAMC's Group on Women in Medicine in Science. She now serves on the NASEM Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine and the Advisory Committee for Research on Women's Health for the NIH. She was part of the Lancet’s advisory committee for its theme issue on women in science, medicine, and global health, which served to foster additional research. Also an internationally recognized clinical trialist and health services researcher in breast cancer, her work is frequently featured in the popular media, including coverage by the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and NPR. Her contributions have been recognized with her election to the American Society of Clinical Investigation and Association of American Physicians, the Leadership Award of the AAMC’s Group on Women in Medicine and Science, LEAD Oncology’s Woman of the Year Award, AMWA’s Woman in Science Award, and AMSA’s Women Leaders Award. She is a fellow of ASCO, ASTRO, AAWR, AAAS, and the Hastings Center.

Ellen Ernst Kossek

Ellen Ernst Kossek is the Basil S. Turner Distinguished Professor in the Krannert School of Management at Purdue University. Prior to joining Purdue, Dr. Kossek was University Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University. Ellen is the first elected president of the Work-Family Researchers Network has won dozens of awards for research and service excellence related to advancing the organizational work and family research stream in the field of management. She is an internationally recognized researcher who studies how employment policies and practices to support positive work-family-life relationships impact gender equality and diversity, equity and inclusion. She designs and conducts field experiments to help organizations and leaders implement work-life flexibility, and work-life cultural change and gender and diversity equality initiatives. Kossek is elected a Fellow in the Academy of Management, the Society for Industrial-Organizational Psychology and the American Psychological Association. She holds a PhD in organizational behavior from the Yale School of Management, a MBA from the University of Michigan, and a BA with honors in psychology from Mount Holyoke College. She led in writing a report for the National Academies of Sciences on the effects of COVID-19 on the work-life boundaries and domestic labor of women in academic science STEMM.

Lindsey Malcom-Piqueux

Lindsey Malcom-Piqueux is the Assistant Vice President for Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Assessment and the Chief Institutional Research Officer at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). In this role, she develops and implements research-informed, metrics-driven institutional efforts to ensure that Caltech is a diverse, equitable and inclusive environment for all community members. She also oversees all areas of institutional research in support of the Institute’s planning and decision-making processes. Her scholarly research focuses on understanding the institutional conditions that advance racial and gender equity in STEM fields. Prior to joining Caltech, she served as the Associate Director of Research and Policy at the Center for Urban Education at the University of Southern California and was a Research Associate Professor in the USC Rossier School of Education. She has also held faculty positions at the George Washington University and the University of California, Riverside. Malcom-Piqueux earned her Ph.D. in Urban Education with an emphasis in higher education from the University of Southern California, her M.S. in Planetary Science from Caltech, and her S.B. in Planetary Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She has previously served on National Academies study committee on “Increasing Diversity and Inclusion in the Leadership of Competed Space Missions” and the National Academies study committee on “Developing Indicators for Undergraduate STEM Education.”

Sandra Masur

Sandra Kazahn Masur, PhD is a basic scientist and an activist for women in science and medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York where she is Professor of Ophthalmology and of Pharmacological Sciences and Director of its Office for Women’s Careers within the Office for Gender Equity in Science and Medicine.
Her NIH funded research explored the cell biology of membrane transport and of corneal wound healing. In active support of scientists, she chaired the Women in Cell Biology (WICB) Committee of the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) and was co-director of the National Eye Institute’s “Fundamental issues in Vision Research” at the Marine Biology Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA. She was a participant in the NIH Office for Research in Women’s Health strategic planning for Women in Science.
The Sandra K. Masur Senior Leadership Award was established by the ASCB to honor individuals with exemplary achievements in cell biology who are also outstanding mentors. She received Women in Medicine Silver Achievement Award from the Association of American Medical Colleges, the Outstanding Woman Scientist of the Association for Women in Science, and is an elected Fellow of the American Society for Cell Biology.

Maria Ong

Maria (Mia) Ong is a Senior Research Scientist at TERC, a research and development organization dedicated to STEM education that is based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Prior to working at TERC, Dr. Ong served on faculty at Swarthmore College, Wellesley College, and Harvard University Graduate School of Education. For nearly three decades, she has researched the experiences of women of color and members of other marginalized groups in computer science, engineering, physics, and general STEM higher education and professions, with emphases on qualitative studies and literature synthesis projects. She has led or co-led numerous projects funded by the U.S. Department of Education, the National Institutes for Health, and the National Science Foundation (NSF). She holds over 40 solo- or co-authored publications on equity and inclusion topics, including career-life balance, caregiving, counterspaces, and changing cultural norms in STEM. Dr. Ong has served on several national committees and task forces, including the NSF Committee on Equal Opportunities in Science and Engineering (2008–14), the Social Science Advisory Board of the National Center for Women & Information Technology (2008–2022; Chair 2017–2018), the American Institute of Physics National Task Force to Eliminate African American Underrepresentation in Physics & Astronomy (TEAM-UP, 2017–2020), and the National Academies Committee to Address the Underrepresentation of Women of Color in Tech (2019–2022). She is a co-recipient of a Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring (1998) and a co-recipient of the Excellence in Physics Education Award from the American Physical Society (2022). Dr. Ong holds a PhD in Social and Cultural Studies in Education from the University of California at Berkeley.

Robert L. Phillips, Jr.

Dr. Phillips is the Founding Executive Director of The Center for Professionalism & Value in Health Care in Washington, DC. He is a practicing family physician with training in health services and primary care research. His research seeks to inform clinical care and policies that support it. He leads a national primary care registry with related research on social determinants of health, rural health, and changes in primary care practice. Dr. Phillips has often served Health and Human Services including as as vice-chair of the Council on Graduate Medical Education, co-chair of the Population Health subcommittee of the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, and on the Negotiated Rule-Making Committee on Shortage Designation. Dr. Phillips was elected to the NAM in 2010. Dr. Phillips was a Fulbright Specialist to the Netherlands and New Zealand. Dr. Phillips completed medical school at the University of Florida where he graduated with honors for special distinction, trained clinically in family medicine at the University of Missouri where he completed a National Research Service Award fellowship. Dr Phillips currently serves as the chair of the NAM Membership Committee and has served on multiple consensus studies, contributed to several workshops, and served as a reviewer.

Jason Resendez

Jason Resendez the President and CEO of the National Alliance for Caregiving, where he leads research, policy, and innovation initiatives to build health, wealth, and equity for America’s 53 million family caregivers. Jason is a nationally recognized expert on family care, aging and the science of inclusion in research. In 2020, he was named one of America’s top influencers in aging by PBS’s Next Avenue alongside Michael J. Fox and Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy. Prior to joining NAC, Jason was the founding executive director of the UsAgainstAlzheimer’s Center for Brain Health Equity and was the principal investigator of a Healthy Brain Initiative cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). While at UsAgainstAlzheimer’s, he pioneered the concept of Brain Health Equity through peer-reviewed research, public health partnerships, and public policy. Jason has been quoted by The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, STAT News, Time, Newsweek, and Univision on health equity issues and has received the Service Award for Caregiving from the National Hispanic Council on Aging (NHCOA), the LULAC Presidential Medal of Honor and the HerMANO Award from MANA—A National Latina Organization—for his advocacy on behalf of the Latino community.

Hannah A. Valantine

Hannah Valantine received her M.B.B.S. degree from London University, cardiology fellowship at Stanford, and Doctor of Medicine from London University. She was appointed Assistant Professor of Medicine, rising to full Professor of Medicine in 2000, and becoming the inaugural Senior Associate Dean for Diversity and Leadership, in 2004. She pursued a data-driven transformative approach to this work, receiving the NIH director’s pathfinder award. Dr. Francis Collins, NIH director, recruited her in 2014 as the inaugural NIH Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce diversity, and as a tenured investigator in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s intramural research program where she established the laboratory of transplantation genomics. Dr. Valantine is a nationally recognized pioneer in her field, with over 200 peer-reviewed publications, patents, and sustained NIH funding. She was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2020 for both her pioneering research in organ transplantation and workforce diversity.

Joan Williams

Joan Williams is a Sullivan Professor of Law and Founding Director of the Center for WorkLife Law at UC College of the Law, San Francisco. Williams has played a central role in reshaping the conversation about work, gender, and class over the past quarter century. Her path-breaking work helped create the field of work-family studies and modern workplace flexibility policies. Williams is one of the most cited scholars in her field and is the author of 11 books and over 100 academic articles. Her many honors include: President’s Award, Society of Women Engineers, 2019; Top Ten Extraordinary Contributor to Work and Family Research Award, Work and Family Researchers Network, 2018; Work Life Legacy Award, Families and Work Institute, 2014; Outstanding Scholar Award, Fellows of the American Bar Foundation, 2012. Williams received her J.D. from Harvard Law School, and a M.A. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Ashley Bear

Ashley Bear, Ph.D. serves as the Director of the Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine of the National Academies. In this capacity, Dr. Bear oversees a portfolio of projects dealing with critical issues relating to advancing gender equity in these fields. In her time at the Academies, Dr. Bear has led committees of experts and a dynamic staff team in carrying out consensus studies, workshop series, and national outreach efforts with the goal of providing a range of stakeholders with advice and guidance on how to support the improved recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in science, engineering, and medicine. Before coming to the Academies, Dr. Bear worked for the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Division of Biological Infrastructure in the Directorate for Biological Sciences, where she managed a portfolio of mid-scale investments in scientific infrastructure and led analyses of the impact of NSF funding on the career trajectories of postdoctoral researchers. Dr. Bear also previously worked as a Science Policy Officer for the State Department’s Office of the Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary of State, where she worked to promote science diplomacy and track emerging scientific trends with implications for foreign policy, managed programs to increase the scientific capacity of State Department, and acted as the liaison to the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs and the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. Dr. Bear holds a Sc.B. in Neuroscience from Brown University and a Ph.D. in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from Yale University.

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Policies and Practices for Supporting Family Caregivers Working in Science, Engineering, and Medicine

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Policies and Practices for Supporting Family Caregivers Working in Science, Engineering, and Medicine

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Featured publication

Supporting Family Caregivers in STEMM: A Call to Action

Description

Collaborators

Committee

Sponsors

Staff

Parent projects

The Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine

Major units and sub-units

Contact

Contact us

Provide feedback

Request materials

More like this

Modernizing Mathematics Education for Grades 9-14

Health Care Financing to Improve Availability of Affordable Contraception: Identifying Promising Practices

Review of Methods in the Report on Carcinogens Handbook

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