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Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

P

Acronyms and Abbreviations

4MOST	4-Metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope
A&G	acquisition and guiding
AAAC	Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee
AAAS	American Association for the Advancement of Science
AAG	Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants
AAS	American Astronomical Society
ACT	Atacama Cosmology Telescope
ACTPOL	Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarization Survey
ADA	Americans with Disabilities Act
ADAP	Astrophysics Data Analysis Program
ADAS	Astronomical Data Archiving System
AEON	Astronomical Event Observatory Network
AER	Astronomy Education Research
AGB	asymptotic giant branch
AGEP	Alliances for Graduate Education and the Professoriate
AGN	active galactic nuclei
AI	artificial intelligence
AIP	American Institute of Physics
AIPS	Astronomical Image Processing System
ALMA	Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array
AM CVn	Canum Venaticorum
AMANDA	Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array
AMEGO	All-Sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory
AMO	atomic, molecular, and optical
ANITA	Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna
AO	adaptive optics

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

AO	announcement of opportunity
AON	Arctic Observing Network
APC	activity, project, or state of the profession white paper
APL	Applied Physics Laboratory
APO	Apache Point Observatory
APOGEE	Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
APRA	Astrophysics Research and Analysis
APS	American Physical Society
APT	Advanced Particle-Astrophysics Telescope
ARA	Askaryan Radio Array
ARC	Astrophysics Research Consortium Telescope
ARGOS	Advanced Rayleigh Guided Ground Layer Adaptive Optics System
ARIANNA	Antarctic Ross Ice-Shelf Antenna Neutrino Array
ARIEL	Atmospheric Remote Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-Survey
ASAS-SN	All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae
ASCR	Advanced Scientific Computing Research
ASKAP	Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
ASM	adaptive secondary mirror
AST	NSF Division of Astronomical Sciences
Athena	Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics
ATI	Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation
ATP	Astrophysics Theory Program
AU	astronomical unit
AUI	Associated Universities, Inc.
AURA	Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy
AXAF	Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility
AXIS	Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite
BAO	baryon acoustic oscillations
BBN	Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
BH	black hole
BICEP	Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization
BOINC	Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing
CALIFA	Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area
CARMA	Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy
CASTOR	Cosmological Advanced Survey Telescope for Optical and UV Research
CATE	cost and technical evaluation
CCAT	Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope
CCD	charge-coupled device
CDM	cold dark matter
CE	Cosmic Explorer
CERN	European Council for Nuclear Research (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire)
CETUS	Cosmic Evolution Through UV Surveys
CGI	coronagraph instrument
CGM	circumgalactic medium

Page 558 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

CHARA	Center for High Resolution Astronomy
CHEOPS	Characterizing Exoplanet Satellite
CHIME	Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment
CHORD	Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-Transient Detector
CLASS	Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor
CMB	cosmic microwave background
CMB-S4	Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4
CME	coronal mass ejection
CMOS	complementary metal oxide semiconductor
CMS	concept maturation study
CNES	Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales/National Centre for Space Studies
CNM	cold neutral medium
CORF	Committee on Radio Frequencies
CoRoT	Convection Rotation and Planetary Transits
COS	Cosmic Origins Spectrograph
COSI	Compton Spectrometer and Imager
COSMO	Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory
COVID-19	coronavirus disease 2019
CPD	circumplanetary disk
CPU	central processing unit
CSBF	Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility
CSDC	Community Science and Data Center
CSMA	Committee on the Status of Minorities in Astronomy
CSO	Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
CSWA	Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy
CTA	Cherenkov Telescope Array
CTE	coefficient of thermal expansion
CTIO	Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
DA	discovery area
DECam	Dark Energy Camera
DESI	Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
DFW	drop, fail, or withdraw
DKIST	Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope
DLR	Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V./German Aerospace Center
DM	dark matter
DMR	Division of Materials Research
DMS	Division of Mathematical Sciences
DoD	Department of Defense
DOE	Department of Energy
DRM	design reference mission
DSA-2000	Deep Synoptic Array 2000
DSOC	deep space optical communications
DST/HCIT	Decadal Survey Testbed/High Contrast Imaging Testbed
EBIO	Education, Broader Impacts, and Outreach

Page 559 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

EDGES	Experiment to Detect the Global EoR Signature
E-ELT	European Extremely Large Telescope
EGS	Extended Groth Strip
EHT	Event Horizon Telescope
ELT	Extremely Large Telescope
ELTP	Extremely Large Telescope Program
EM	electromagnetic
EoR	epoch of reionization
EOVSA	Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array
EP3	Effective Practices for Physics Programs
EPRV	extreme precision radial velocity
eROSITA	Extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array
ESA	European Space Agency
ESCAPE	Extreme-Ultraviolet Stellar Characterization for Atmospheric Physics and Evolution
ESDIS	Earth Science Data and Information System
ESM	Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Group
ESO	European Southern Observatory
ESS	Exoplanet Science Strategy
ETL	Exoplanet Technology Laboratory
Euclid DF-Fornax	Euclid Deep Field Fornax
Euclid DF-S	Euclid Deep Field South
Euclid NEP	Euclid North Ecliptic Pole
EUV	extreme ultraviolet
EVLA	Expanded Very Large Array
Far-IR	far-infrared
FASR	Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope
FaST	Faculty and Student Teams
FAST	Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Telescope
FBOT	fast and blue optical transient
FCC	Federal Communications Commission
FDSS	Faculty Development in Space Sciences
FIP	Far-IR Imager Polarimeter
FMR	SOFIA Five Year Flagship Mission Review
FOBOS	Fiber-Optic Broadband Optical Spectrograph
FOM	figure of merit
FOV	field of view
FRB	fast radio burst
FTE	full-time employee
FTS	Fourier transform spectrometer
FUV	far ultraviolet
FY	fiscal year
GADGET	Galaxies with Dark Matter and Gas Interact
GALAH	Galactic Archaeology with HERMES
GALFA	Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array HI Survey

Page 560 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

GBO	Green Bank Observatory
GBT	Green Bank Telescope
GC	globular cluster
G-CLEF	GMT Consortium Large Earth Finder
GECAM	Gravitational Wave High-Energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-Sky Monitor
GeMS	Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System
GEP	Galaxy Evolution Probe
GeV	gigaelectronvolt
GLAO	ground layer adaptive optics
GMACS	GMT Multi-Object Astronomy and Cosmology Spectrograph
GmagAO-X	Giant Magellan Telescope Extreme Adaptive Optics
GMT	Giant Magellan Telescope
GMTIFS	GMT Integral Field Spectrograph
GMTNIRS	GMT Near-IR Spectrograph
GNAO	Gemini North Adaptive Optics
GO	guest observer
GOMMTD	Great Observatory Mission Maturation and Technology Development
GONG	Global Oscillations Network Group
GOODS-N	Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North
GOODS-S	Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-South
GPI	Gemini Planet Imager
GPS	global positioning system
GPU	graphical processing unit
GR	general relativity
GRB	gamma-ray burst
GRE	Graduate Record Examination
GR-MHD	general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics
GST	Goode Solar Telescope
GUSTO	Galactic/Extragalactic ULDB Spectroscopic Terahertz Observatory
GW	gravitational wave
GWOSC	Gravitational Wave Open Science Center
Gyr	gigayear
HabEx	Habitable Exoplanet Observatory
HAWC	High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory
HBCU	Historically Black College and University
HE	high energy
HEASARC	High Energy Astrophysics Science Research Center
HEP	High Energy Physics
HERA	Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array
HERMES	Heliophysics Environmental and Radiation Measurement Experiment Suite
HET	Hobby-Eberly Telescope
HI	neutral hydrogen
HIRAX	Hydrogen Intensity and Real-Time Analysis Experiment
HOSTS	Hunt for Observable Signatures of Terrestrial Systems
HPC	high-performance computing

Page 561 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

HPD	half power diameter
HR	Hertzsprung-Russell
HSI	Hispanic Serving Institution
HST	Hubble Space Telescope
HTC	high-throughput computing
HXDI	High Definition X-ray Imager
HZ	habitable zone
IACT	Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope
IAU	International Astronomical Union
IceCube-Gen2	IceCube Generation 2
ICM	intracluster medium
IFU	integral field unit
IGM	intergalactic medium
IGW	inflationary gravitational waves
IMBH	intermediate-mass black hole
IMF	initial mass function
INCITE	Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment
IPAC	Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
IPTA	International Pulsar Timing Array
IR	infrared
IRAF	Image Reduction and Analysis Facility
IRIS	Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
IR/O/UV	infrared/optical/ultraviolet
IRTF	Infrared Telescope Facility
ISM	interstellar medium
ISO	Infrared Space Observatory
ISS	International Space Station
ITU	International Telecommunications Union
IXO	International X-ray Observatory
IVOA	International Virtual Observatory Alliance
IXPE	Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer
JAXA	Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
JHU	Johns Hopkins University
JPL	Jet Propulsion Laboratory
JWST	James Webb Space Telescope
KAGRA	Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector
KAPA	Keck All-Sky Precision Adaptive Optics
KBO	Kuiper Belt object
KLIP	Karhunen-Loève image processing
KPIC	Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer
KPNO	Kitt Peak National Observatory
LAT	Large Aperture Telescope

Page 562 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

LBA	Long Baseline Array
LBT	Large Binocular Telescope
LBTI	Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer
LBTO	Large Binocular Telescope Observatory
LCIT	Large Mission Concept Independent Assessment Team
LCOGT	Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope
LDB	long duration balloon
LEAP	Large Area Burst Polarimeter
LEDA	Large-Aperture Experiment to Detect the Dark Ages
LEO	low Earth orbit
LGBTQIA+	lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, intersex, asexual, plus
LHAASO	Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory
LHC	Large Hadron Collider
LIGO	Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
LISA	Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
LMA	Lynx Mirror Assembly
LMC	Large Magellanic Cloud
LMT	Large Millimeter Telescope
LSST	Legacy Survey of Space and Time
LTAO	laser tomography adaptive optics
LTK	local and traditional knowledge
LUVOIR	Large UV/Optical/IR Surveyor
LXM	Lynx X-ray Microcalorimeter
LyC	Lyman continuum
MAGIC	Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescope
MaNGA	Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO
MARC	Maximizing Access to Research Careers
mas	milliarcseconds
MCAO	multi-conjugate adaptive optics
MEMS	micro-electro-mechanical-system
MESA	Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics
MEV	Maximum Expected Value
MHD	magnetohydrodynamics
MIDEX	Medium-Class Explorer
MINERVA-Australis	Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array-Australis
MIR	mid-infrared
MIRC	Michigan Infrared Beam Combiner
MISC-T	Mid-Infrared Spectrometer Camera Transit Spectrometer
MKID	microwave kinetic induction detector
MKO	Mauna Kea Observatory
MKSR	Mauna Kea Science Reserve
MLSO	Mauna Loa Solar Observatory
MMA	multi-messenger astrophysics
MMT	Multiple Mirror Telescope
MO and MoO	mission of opportunity

Page 563 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

MOAO	multi-object adaptive optics
MODHIS	Multi-Object Diffraction-Limited High-Resolution Infrared Spectrograph
MP	Mentoring Plan
MPE	Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
MPS	Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences
MREFC	Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction
MRI	Major Research Instrumentation
MROI	Magdalena Ridge Optical Interferometer
MRSEC	Materials Research Science and Engineering Center
MSE	Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer
MSFC	Marshall Space Flight Center
MSI	Minority-Serving Institution
MSIP	Mid-Scale Innovations Program
MSO	Mid-Scale Opportunity
MSRI	Mid-scale Research Infrastructure
MUCERPI	Minority University and College Education and Research Partnership Initiative
MWA	Murchison Widefield Array
NANOGrav	North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NEID	NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet Investigations with Doppler Spectroscopy
NEO	near-Earth object
NEOWISE	Near-Earth Object Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer
NFIRAOS	narrow field infrared adaptive optics system
ngVLA	Next Generation Very Large Array
NICER	Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer
NIH	National Institutes of Health
NIR	near-infrared
NIST	National Institute of Standards and Technology
NLSO	NASA LISA Studies Office
NN-EXPLORE	NASA-NSF Exoplanet Observational Research Program
NOAA	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOAO	National Optical Astronomy Observatory
NOIRLab	National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory
NPOI	Navy Precision Optical Interferometer
NRAO	National Radio Astronomy Observatory
NS	neutron star
NS-EOS	neutron star equation of state
NSB	National Science Board
NSBP	National Society of Black Physicists
NSF	National Science Foundation
NSHP	National Society of Hispanic Physicists
NSO	National Solar Observatory
NSPIRES	NASA Solicitation and Proposal Integrated Review and Evaluation System
NTIA	National Telecommunications and Information Administration
NuSTAR	Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array

Page 564 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

NVO	National Virtual Observatory
NWNH	New Worlds, New Horizons report
O&M	operations and maintenance
OIR	optical and infrared
OMB	Office of Management and Budget
ORM	Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
OSS	open source software
OSS	Origins Survey Spectrometer
P5	Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel
PAARE	Partnerships in Astronomy and Astrophysics Research
PAG	Program Analysis Group
PAH	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
PAMS	Portfolio Analysis and Management System
Pan-STARRS	Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System
pc	parallax of one arcsecond (parsec)
PDR	Preliminary Design Review
PER	Physics Education Research
PFS	Prime Focus Spectrograph
PGRE	Physics Graduate Record Examination
PHAT	Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury Project
PI	principal investigator
PIC	particle-in-cell
PICASO	Planetary Intensity Code for Atmospheric Scattering
PICTURE	Planetary Imaging Concept Testbed Using a Recoverable Experiment
PISN	pair-instability supernovae
PLATO	Planetary Transits and Oscillations of stars
POEMMA	Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics
POLARBEAR	Polarization of Background Radiation
PTA	pulsar timing array
PTF	Palomar Transient Factory
PUI	Primarily Undergraduate Institutions
PUMA	Packed Ultra-Wideband Mapping Array
QCD	quantum chromodynamics
QIS	quantum information science
QSO	quasi-stellar object
R&D	research and development
RBIS	research-based instructional strategies
REU	Research Experiences for Undergraduates
RFI	radio frequency interference
RFI	request for information
RICE	Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment
RMS	radio, millimeter, and submillimeter

Page 565 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

RMS	root mean square
RNO-G	Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland
Roman ST HLS	Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope High Latitude Survey
ROSAT	Roentgen Satellite
ROSES	Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences
RV	radial velocity
RXTE	Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer
SACNAS	Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science
SAFARI	Spica Far Infrared Instrument
SALT	South African Large Telescope
SAO	Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
SAT	Small Aperture Telescope
SAT	Strategic Astrophysics Technology
SATCON	Working Group on Satellite Constellations
SCExAO	Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics
SCT	Schwartzchild-Couder IACT Telescope
SDO	Solar Dynamics Observatory
SDSS	Sloan Digital Sky Survey
SEA Change	STEMM Equity Achievement Change
SED	spectral energy distribution
SETI	Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
SFR	star formation rate
SGMA	Committee for Sexual-Orientation and Gender Minorities in Astronomy
SIM	Athena Science Instruments Module
SIRTF	Space Infrared Telescope Facility
SKA	Square Kilometre Array
SLSNe	super-luminous supernovae
SMA	Submillimeter Array
SMARTS	Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System
SMBH	supermassive black hole
SMC	Small Magellanic Cloud
SMD	Science Mission Directorate
SMEX	Small Explorer
SNe	supernovae
SO	Simons Observatory
SOAR	Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope
SOFIA	Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
SOLIS	Synoptic Optical Long-Term Investigations of the Sun
SOMER	SOFIA Operations and Maintenance Efficiency Review
SPB	super pressure balloon
SpecTel	Spectroscopic Survey Telescope
SPHERE	Spectro-Polarimetric High-Contrast Exoplanet Research Instrument
SPHEREx	Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer
SPICA	Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

SPO	South Pole Observatory
SPT	South Pole Telescope
SQL	structured query language
SQUID	superconducting quantum interference device
SRON	Netherlands Institute for Space Research
S-STEM	Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
STDT	science and technology definition team
STEM	science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
STEMM	science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine
STIS	Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
STMD	Space Technology Mission Directorate
STOP	Structural, Thermal, and Optical Performance
STScI	Space Telescope Science Institute
SVOM	Space Variable Objects Monitor
SWGO	Southern Wide-Field Gamma-ray Observatory
SZ	Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (effect)
TAP	Transient Astrophysics Probe
TCAN	Theoretical and Computational Astrophysics Networks
TCU	Tribal College and University
TDA	time-domain astronomy
TDE	tidal disruption event
TEAM-UP	National Task Force to Elevate African American Representation in Undergraduate Physics and Astronomy
TES	transition edge sensor
TESS	Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
TIO	Thirty Meter Telescope International Observatory
TK	Indigenous traditional knowledge
TMT	Thirty Meter Telescope
TOM	target and observation manager
TRACE	Technical, Risk, and Cost Evaluation
TRL	technology readiness level
TSIP	Telescope System Instrumentation Program
TTV	transit timing variation
UHE	ultra-high energy
UHECR	ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
ULDB	ultra-long duration balloon
ULTRA	Ultra-Stable Large Telescope Research and Analysis
ULX	ultraluminous X-ray
URO	University Radio Observatories
USRA	Universities Space Research Association
UV	ultraviolet
UVOT	UV-optical telescope
VERITAS	Very Energetic Imaging Telescope Array System

Page 567 Cite Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix P: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26141.

VFP	Visiting Faculty Program
VHE	very high energy
VLA	Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array
VLASS	Very Large Array Sky Survey
VLBA	Very Long Baseline Array
VLBI	very long baseline interferometry
VLT	Very Large Telescope
VLTI	Very Large Telescope Interferometer
WC	Women’s College
WD	white dwarf
WEAVE	William Herschel Telescope (WHT) Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer
WFE	wavefront error
WFI	Wide Field Imager
WFIRST	Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (renamed as the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescop)
WFOS	Wide-Field Optical Spectrometer
WFS	wavefront sensor
WGAD	Working Group on Accessibility and Disability
WIA	Women in Astronomy
WIMP	weakly interacting massive particle
WISE	Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer
WIYN	Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO Observatory
WMAP	Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
WNM	warm neutral medium
WRC	World Radiocommunication Conference
XGS	Lynx X-ray Grating Spectrometer
X-IFU	X-ray Integral Field Unit
XMM-Newton	X-ray Multi Mirror Mission
XRISM	X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission
XRP	Exoplanet Research Program
ZDI	Zeeman Doppler Imaging
ZTF	Zwicky Transient Facility