Proceedings of a Workshop

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This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and Association of American Medical Colleges, Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina, Blue Shield of California Foundation, Fannie E. Rippel Foundation, Jefferson University, Nemours, St. David’s Foundation, Samueli Foundation, The California Endowment, The Kresge Foundation, and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-70899-9
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-70899-0
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/27232

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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. A population health workforce to meet 21st century challenges and opportunities: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/27232.

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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON A POPULATION HEALTH WORKFORCE TO MEET 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES¹

RAYMOND J. BAXTER (Co-chair), Roundtable on Population Health Improvement

MONICA VALDES LUPI, Managing Director for Health, Kresge Foundation

JEWEL MULLEN, Associate Dean for Health Equity, Associate Professor of Population Health and Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin

KARA ODOM WALKER, Executive Vice President and Chief Population Health Officer, Nemours, Washington, DC

VALERIE YEAGER, Associate Professor, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health

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¹ The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.

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ROUNDTABLE ON POPULATION HEALTH IMPROVEMENT¹

RAYMOND BAXTER (Co-chair), Trustee, Blue Shield of California Foundation, San Francisco, CA

KIRSTEN BIBBINS-DOMINGO (Co-chair), Professor and Chair of the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Lee Goldman, M.D. Endowed Professor of Medicine; Vice Dean for Population Health and Health Equity, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine

PHILIP M. ALBERTI, Senior Director, Health Equity Research and Policy, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC

DAWN ALLEY, Chief Strategy Officer, Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation, Washington, DC

DEBBIE I. CHANG, President and Chief Executive Officer, Blue Shield of California Foundation, San Francisco, CA

MARC N. GOUREVITCH, Professor and Chair, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY

MEG GUERIN-CALVERT, Senior Managing Director and President, Center for Healthcare, Economics and Policy, FTI Consulting, Washington, DC

HILARY HEISHMAN, Senior Program Officer, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ

DORA HUGHES, Senior Advisor, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Washington, DC

SHERI JOHNSON, Director, Population Health Institute; Associate Professor, Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison

WAYNE JONAS, Executive Director, Integrative Health Programs, H & S Ventures, Samueli Foundation, Alexandria, VA

ROBERT M. KAPLAN, Professor, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

MILTON LITTLE, President, United Way of Greater Atlanta, Atlanta, GA

PHYLLIS D. MEADOWS, Senior Fellow, Health Program, Kresge Foundation, Troy, MI

BOBBY MILSTEIN, Director, ReThink Health, Morristown, NJ

JOSÉ T. MONTERO, Director, Center for State, Tribal, Local and Territorial Support; Deputy Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA

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¹ The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.

KARA ODOM WALKER, Senior Vice President and Chief Population Health Officer, Nemours, Washington, DC

WILLIE OGLESBY, Interim Dean, College of Population Health, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA

JASON PURNELL, Vice President, Community Health Improvement, BJC HealthCare; Associate Professor, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO

LOURDES J. RODRÍGUEZ, Senior Program Officer, St. David’s Foundation, Austin, TX

KOSALI SIMON, Herman B. Wells Endowed Professor, Associate Vice Provost for Health Sciences, Paul H. O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN

TERRY WILLIAMS, Executive Vice President and Chief Population Corporate & Government Affairs Officer, Atrium Health, Winston-Salem, NC

OKTAWIA WOJCIK, Senior Program Officer, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ

HANH CAO YU, Chief Learning Officer, The California Endowment, Oakland, CA

Health and Medicine Division Staff

ALINA BACIU, Roundtable Director

ALEXANDRA ANDRADA, Program Officer

AYSHIA COLETRANE, Senior Program Assistant (until July 2023)

MAGGIE ANDERSON, Research Assistant

STEPHANIE PUWALSKI, Research Associate (since April 2023)

ROSE M. MARTINEZ, Senior Board Director

Reviewers

This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by GEORGES BENJAMIN, American Public Health Association. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.

We also thank staff member ALEXANDRA BEATTY for reading and providing helpful comments on this manuscript.

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Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

2 CONTEXT-SETTING PERSPECTIVES ON WORKFORCE HISTORY AND LAW

History and Defining Boundaries of Public Health

Law and Policy Solutions for the Population Health Workforce: Challenged and Opportunities

Bolstering a National Population Health Workforce

Policy and Other Opportunities for Stakeholders

Discussion

3 EXPLORING SOLUTIONS TO WORKFORCE CHALLENGES

Leadership Disparities in Governmental Public Health Agencies

New York City Public Health Corps: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic Response

Community Health Representatives in Indian Country

Central Oregon Tri-County Partnership: Overview, Case Study, and Reflections

Addressing Public Health Workforce Challenges: A State Agency Perspective

Creative Workforce Solutions

4 PATHWAYS, COMPETENCIES, TRAINING, AND EDUCATION FOR A VARIED, FLEXIBLE, AND RESILIENT WORKFORCE

Meeting the Needs of the 21st Century Public Health Workforce

Promoting a Robust and Sustainable Public Health and Population Health Workforce for the Future

Areas of Workforce Opportunity

Emerging Population Health Professions

Discussion

5 CLOSING REFLECTIONS

APPENDIXES

A REFERENCES

B BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF SPEAKERS AND PLANNING COMMITTEE

C WORKSHOP AGENDA

D READINGS AND RESOURCES

Acronyms and Abbreviations

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