Appendix B

Glossary

Appropriate (weight) for gestational age: Weight in 10th to 90th percentile for gestational age. (Murray and Richardson, 2017, p. 5)

Birth weight: “The first weight recorded after birth.” (SSA, 2023b, para. B)

Chronological age: “The child’s age based on birth date.” (SSA, 2015, def. A2)

Continuing Disability Reviews (CDR): A “review [of] your medical impairment(s) to determine if you continue to have a disabling condition . . . A Medical CDR [is performed] at least once every three years, however, if you have a medical condition that is not expected to improve, we will still review your case, once every five to seven years.” (SSA, 2023f, paras. 1–2)

Corrected Age: “Corrected age is calculated by subtracting the number of weeks born before 40 weeks of gestation from the chronological age. Therefore, a 24-month-old, former 28-week gestational age infant has a corrected age of 21 months according to the following equation: 24 months−[(40 weeks−28 weeks)×1 month/4 weeks].” (Engle et al., 2004, p. 1362)

Developmental delay: When a child demonstrates skills or functions that are below expectation based on their age. (CDC, 2022a)

Disability: “Any condition of the body or mind (impairment) that makes it more difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities (activity limitation) and interact with the world around them (participation restrictions).” (CDC, 2020, para. 1)

Disability, Social Security Administration (SSA) definition for adults: “Must not be able to engage in any substantial gainful activity (SGA) because of a medically determinable physical or mental impairment(s) that is either expected to result in death [or] has lasted or is expected to last for a continuous period of at least 12 months.” (SSA, 2023d, para. 1)

Disability, SSA definition for children: “Has a medically determinable physical or mental impairment . . . that causes marked and severe functional limitations, and that can be expected to cause death or that has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.” (SSA, 2023c, para. 5)

Disability Determination Services: State agencies and field offices that process disability claims. (SSA, 2023a, para. 1)

Disability, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children & Youth (ICF-CY) Version: “An umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions. It denotes the negative aspects of the interaction between an individual (with a health condition) and that individual’s contextual factors (environmental and personal factors).” (WHO, 2007, p. 228)

1. Body functions are the physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions).
2. Body structures are anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and their components.
3. Impairments are problems in body function or structure, such as a significant deviation or loss.
4. Activity is the execution of a task or action by an individual.
5. Participation is involvement in a life situation.
6. Activity limitations are difficulties an individual may have in executing activities.
7. Participation restrictions are problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations.
8. Environmental factors make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives.

Large for gestational age: Weight greater than 90th percentile for gestational age. (Murray and Richardson, 2017, p. 5)

Life-course approach: “Aims to ensure people’s well-being at all ages by addressing people’s needs, ensuring access to health services, and safeguarding the human right to health throughout their life time.” (WHO, 2023a, para. 1)

Low birth weight, medical definition: Weight less than 2500 grams (5.5 pounds) at birth. (WHO, 2019/2021, KA21)

1. Very low birth weight: Weight less than 1500 grams (3 pounds, 5 ounces) at birth
2. Extremely low birth weight: Weight less than 1000 grams (2 pounds, 3 ounces) at birth

Low birth weight, SSA definition: “Birth weight of less than 1200 grams” (2.64 pounds). (SSA, 2023b, § 100.04)

Overall infant mortality rate: “The number of infant deaths [prior to first birthday] for every 1,000 live births.” (CDC, 2022b, para. 1)

Preterm birth: Birth at a gestational age less than 37 weeks. (WHO, 2023b)

1. Late preterm: birth at 34–36⁶/₇ weeks gestational age (Mayo Clinic, 2023)
2. Moderate preterm: birth at 32–33⁶/₇ weeks gestational age (Mayo Clinic, 2023)
3. Very preterm: birth at 28–31⁶/₇ weeks gestational age (WHO, 2023b)
4. Extremely preterm: birth at less than 28 weeks gestational age (WHO, 2023b)
5. Border of viability: birth at 22–25 weeks gestational age (Pignotti and Donzelli, 2008)

Small for gestational age (SGA): Weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age. (Murray and Richardson, 2017, p. 5)

Social determinants of health: “The conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.” (HHS, 2023, para. 1)

Supplemental Security Income program: An SSA program that provides monthly payments to adults and children with a disability or blindness who have income and resources below specific financial limits. SSI payments are also made to people age 65 and older without disabilities who meet the financial qualifications. (SSA, 2023e, para. 1)

REFERENCES