Page 1

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools

A number of tools have been developed to assess the resilience of transportation networks. The following summary categorizes the tools according to the stage of the resilience cycle (see Figure 1) they address.

Of the 25 summarized tools in this web-only document, 20 focus on assessing the resilience of physical infrastructure, while the remaining five focus on assessing the resilience of institutional arrangements. (See Figure 2 for a visualization of the resilience ecosystem, including physical infrastructure and institutional arrangements.) Similarly, most of the resilience tools focus on preparation, the first stage of the resilience cycle, while fewer focus on subsequent stages.

Preparation: 20
Response: 2
Short-term recovery: 2
Long-term recovery: 4

Page 2

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 1: Resilience Tools Used in Practice

Resilience tools used in practice – categorized by where they apply to the resilience cycle
Preparation	Response	Short-Term Recovery	Long-Term Recovery
TABLE 3 CMIP Climate Data Processing TABLE 4 Sensitivity Matrix TABLE 5 VAST TABLE 6 Transportation Adaptation Guide TABLE 7 HEC-25 TABLE 8 HEC-17 TABLE 11 Flood Resiliency TABLE 12: Climate Change Snapshot TABLE 13: CanVis TABLE 14: Shoreline Analysis TABLE 18 Hazard Mitigation TABLE 19 Resilience Exploration Engine TABLE 22 Resilient Transportation Systems TABLE 24 RAND Logic Model TABLE 25 EJI TABLE 26 Transportation Toolkit TABLE 27 EJI	TABLE 20 Climate Resilience TABLE 21 UCINET Simulation	TABLE 16 Earthquake Traffic TABLE 17 Hierarchal Systems	TABLE 2 FHWA INVEST TABLE 9 Green Infra Techniques TABLE 15 Urban Economic Recovery & Resilience TABLE 23 Iowa State Transportation Resilience

Page 3

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

**Figure 2 – Transportation Network Resilience Ecosystem**

This document links the tools summarized in this matrix to solution sets described in NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Georgia Tech Research Corporation et al. 2012) and NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Meyer et al. 2019).

Figure 3 identifies where each of the tools in this toolkit fit with solution sets for transportation sustainability, risk, and resilience. These sources outline step-by-step procedures for decision-makers to use as reference points in terms of solutions that address pertinent issues. Utilizing this knowledge, these analytical structures can be used by project managers to assess plans for new transportation infrastructure. Given the freight transportation and supply-chain context of the solutions sets, users can understand the nuanced risk and resilience parameters for sustainability and economic efficiency.

Page 4

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

**Figure 3 - Five-step decision/analysis tool for studying freight network disruptions**¹

NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System provides a baseline framework for estimating the economic impacts of disruptions to the goods movement system. The decision/analysis tool was designed with three objectives in mind. First, it prioritizes analysis of the present-day economic impacts caused by transportation disruptions and synthesizes a framework for detailing the relationships between cause and effect. Next, it presents a conceptual roadmap that estimates these economic impacts and the methodologies that follow both geographically and temporally (see Figure 4).

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¹ Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc., A. Strauss-Wieder, Inc. NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2012, https://doi.org/10.17226/22702.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

**Figure 4 - Resilient Supply Chain Assessment Process**²

Meyer et al. (2019) developed a framework to assess the risks and resilience of freight transportation networks. The process is shown in Figure 4. The primary goal of this study is providing stakeholders with easily digestible guidelines to assess the resilience of supply chains. Key insights include physical infrastructure, financial, and regulatory metrics that help detail performance assessments that can “quantify operational concerns.”

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² Meyer, M., S. McLeod, T. Fidell, H. Gajjar, D. Sood, M. Kamali, R. Wingate, D. Willauer, F. Southworth, NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 2019, https://doi.org/10.17226/25463.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 2 - FHWA INVEST³

Tool Name	FHWA INVEST
Developed By	Federal Highway Administration
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Long-Term Recovery
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 1: Identifies the direct and immediate physical effects of a network disruption
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences (Input) Step 5: Develop Strategies, Actions, and Plans (Output) Chapter 7: Building redundancy and extra capacity into the system is good for both maintenance (in that no single facility handles all the demand) and resilience
Key Inputs	Transportation planning document(s) that contain evidence of the consideration of hazard identification, vulnerability assessment, risk assessment, and/or adaptation strategies. Hazard Mitigation Plan(s). Documentation of a vulnerability assessment of critical transportation infrastructure. This could include studies on vulnerability of specific areas. Documentation of a risk assessment of critical infrastructure. This should address the process used, an assessment of likelihood, and resulting assessment of risk.
Key Outputs	“Evaluate and improve the sustainability and climate resilience of their projects and programs”

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³ “FHWA Invest Tool – Infrastructure Resiliency Criteria,” Adaptation Clearinghouse, October 2012, https://www.adaptationclearinghouse.org/resources/fhwa-invest-tool-eo-infrastructure-resiliency-criteria.html.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 3 CMIP Climate Data Processing⁴

Tool Name	CMIP Climate Data Processing Tool 2.1
Developed By	FHWA
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 2: Identifies current and future affected network flows by facility and link.
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 5: Develop Strategies, Actions, and Plans (Output) Step 6: Implement Strategies and Actions Chapter 7: Building redundancy and extra capacity into the system is good for both maintenance (in that no single facility handles all the demand) and resilience
Key Inputs	Downscaled climate data at the local level (CMIP5 Localized Constructed Analog (LOCA) dataset)
Key Outputs	“Relevant statistics for transportation planners and designers” i.e.: Precipitation and temperature variables applicable to planning and engineering designs Changes in frequency of very hot days and extreme precipitation events on a timeframe between the middle and end of the century

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⁴ “CMIP Home Page,” Climate Data Processing Tool, n.d., https://fhwaapps.fhwa.dot.gov/cmip.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 4 Sensitivity Matrix⁵

Tool Name	Sensitivity Matrix
Developed By	US DOT
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 4: Models the response of the supply chain to disruptions Step 5: Models the economic impacts of network disruptions
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences (Input) Step 5: Develop Strategies, Actions, and Plans (Output) Chapter 7: Building redundancy and extra capacity into the system is good for both maintenance (in that no single facility handles all the demand) and resilience.
Key Inputs	Asset Type Airports and Heliports Bridges Oil and Gas Pipelines Ports and Waterways Rail Roads Climate Stressor Increased Temperatures and Extreme Heat Precipitation Precipitation-Driven Inland Flooding Sea Level Rise/Extreme High Tides Drought, Dust Storms, Wildfires Winter Storms Changes in Freeze/Thaw, etc.
Key Outputs	Generates specified impact reports for all combinations of an asset type and climate stressor: Results by Asset Type or Stressor Physical Infrastructure Service, Access, Maintenance, Operations

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⁵ “Tools - Climate Change Adaptation,” U.S. Department of Transportation/Federal Highway Administration, n.d., https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/tools/.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 5 VAST⁶

Tool Name	Vulnerability Assessment Scoring Tool (VAST)
Developed By	US DOT
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 4: Models the response of the supply chain to disruptions
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences (Input)
Key Inputs	Climate Stressors Specific Assets Exposure Sensitivity Adaptive Capacity
Key Outputs	The result is a set of vulnerability scores that can be used to rank assets by vulnerability or inform other analysis of the results.

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⁶ “U.S. DOT Vulnerability Assessment Scoring Tool,” U.S. Department of Transportation/Federal Highway Administration, n.d., https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/tools/scoring_tools_guide/page02.cfm.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 6 Transportation Adaptation Guide⁷

Tool Name	Guide to Assessing Criticality in Transportation Adaptation Planning
Developed By	FHWA
Dimension	Institutional
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 2: Identifies current and future affected network flows by facility and link
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 3: Assess Current Practice Emphasizes designing key infrastructure with resilience in mind.
Key Inputs	Define goals, audience, study scope, stakeholder roles, criticality criteria
Key Outputs	Criticality Assessment Identify assets that align with the priorities and values of the target audience Create buy-in from important stakeholder groups Involve some sort of qualitative or quantitative ranking scheme based on identified criteria

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⁷ “Assessing Criticality in Transportation Adaptation Planning,” U.S. Department of Transportation/Federal Highway Administration, n.d., https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sustainability/resilience/publications/assessing_criticality/index.cfm.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 7 HEC-25⁸

Tool Name	Updated Hydraulic Engineering Circular 25; Highways in the Coastal Environment
Developed By	FHWA
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 1: Identifies the direct and immediate physical effects of a network disruption
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences
Key Inputs	Design service life
Key Outputs	Probability that designed flood level will be equaled or exceeded in n years Flood frequency statistics Storm surge inundation maps Flood insurance rate maps

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⁸ “Highways in the Coastal Environment,” U.S. Department of Transportation/Federal Highway Administration, January 2020, https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/hydraulics/pubs/hif19059.pdf

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 8 HEC-179⁹

Tool Name	Updated Riverine Hydraulic Engineering Circular
Developed By	FHWA
Dimension	Institutional
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 1: Identifies the direct and immediate physical effects of a network disruption
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences
Key Inputs	Rainfall, Runoff, Base Flow, Historical Discharges
Key Outputs	Provides technical guidance and methods for assessing transportation as it relates to floods, floodplain policies, extreme events, climate change, risks, and resilience Quantifies exposure to flood events

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⁹ “Bridges & Structures - Hydraulics Publications,” U.S. Department of Transportation/Federal Highway Administration, 2022, https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/hydraulics/library_arc.cfm?pub_number=16&id=162.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 9 Green Infra Techniques¹⁰

Tool Name	Green Infrastructure Techniques for Improving Coastal Highway Resilience
Developed By	EPA
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Long-Term Recovery
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 2: Identifies current and future affected network flows by facility and link Step 3: Identifies supply chain characteristics and parameters Step 4: Models the response of the supply chain to disruptions
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 3: Assess Current Practice Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences
Key Inputs	Native wetland plants Stone and rock structures Oyster reefs Mussel beds Submerged aquatic vegetation Coir fiber logs Sand fill Type of shoreline (slope of bank) Height and shape of the bank Rate at which the shoreline is eroding Available landward space for marsh migration Level of wave or wind energy in the area Tidal ranges and currents Evidence of existing vegetation Water depth, type of substrate, and salinity of the water body Existing structures
Key Outputs	Conduct a site assessment to restore coastal shorelines to a more natural condition. Can be combined with gray infrastructure such as sea walls and jetties.

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¹⁰ “Coastal Resiliency,” Environmental Protection Agency, July 2022, https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure/coastal-resiliency.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 10 State DOT GIS Application Examples

Vermont Agency of Transportation¹¹	The Transportation Resilience Project Tool, a GIS-based application, is designed to give VTrans a measure of where the department is in terms of flood resilience. The application combines calculations of criticality for each of the transportation assets, together with those assets’ vulnerability to three different components of riverine flooding, inundation, erosion, and deposition, for 10-, 50-, and 100-year storm events.
Colorado DOT¹²	The core of the study, relying on GIS, examined the risk of future climatic event together with the consequence of an asset failure. This includes both the cost t the state to repair a roadway and the cost to the public (and business) when the roadway was inoperable. The core questions were these: How much would cost to buy down the risk, and would it be worth the investment? In this way, CDOT sought to develop a defensible methodology for understanding the return on investment of proactive infrastructure improvements.
Maryland State Highway Administration¹³	This has resulted in the Climate Change Vulnerability Viewer (CCVV), a support tool for MDOT SHA senior managers, planners, and other transportation agencies throughout the state. The CCVV is an Esri ArcGIS Online web application that showcases geospatial data products related to climate change (in particular, sea level changes) and the potential effects on State of Maryland transportation infrastructure. “The CCVV visualizes our analyses,” says Toria Lassiter, assistant chief, Innovative Planning & Performance Division, MDOT SHA. “We have a hazard vulnerability index analysis for all state-owned pavements, and the FHWA’s VAST [Vulnerability Assessment Scoring Tool] has been used on bridges statewide.”
Southeast Michigan Council of Government¹⁴	The Flooding Risk tool, which launched in 2020, helped SEMCOG identify areas at risk of flooding, including roads, bridges, culverts, and pump stations, for the seven counties in the southeast region of Michigan. By calculating a criticality score and a vulnerability score for each asset in a GIS-enabled dashboard, SEMCOG was able to analyze the areas of greatest risk and highest impact from climate events to help cities and counties better prepare for the damage serious flooding could cause to their roads and other infrastructure.

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¹¹ “Preparing for Weather Disasters: Vermont Builds Resilience into Infrastructure Plans,” Esri, n.d., https://www.esri.com/en-us/lg/industry/transportation/vermont-builds-resilience-into-infrastructure-plans.

¹² “Colorado Dot: Building Back Better and Smarter for a More Resilient Transportation System,” Esri, n.d., https://www.esri.com/en-us/lg/industry/transportation/colorado-dot-building-back-more-resilient-transportation-system.

¹³ “How Maryland Dot Is Making Its Infrastructure More Resilient,” Esri, n.d., https://www.esri.com/en-us/lg/industry/transportation/stories/how-maryland-is-mapping-to-make-its-infrastructure-more-resilient.

¹⁴ “Designing Resilient Transportation Networks with GIS,” Esri, 2021, https://www.esri.com/content/dam/esrisites/en-us/media/ebooks/climate-resiliency-for-transportation.pdf.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 11 Flood Resiliency¹⁵

Tool Name	VTrans Flood Resiliency App
Developed By	Vermont Agency of Transportation
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 2: Identifies current and future network flows by facility and link
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 3: Assess Current Practice Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences Step 5: Develop Strategies, Actions, and Plans
Key Inputs	Address Storm Configuration 100 Year (1% AEP) 50 Year (2% AEP) 10 Year (10% AEP) Choose Resilience Risk Vulnerability Criticality Layers Culverts Bridges Roads Rivers Watersheds
Key Outputs	A method to systematically identify road segments, bridges, and culverts that are vulnerable to flood and erosion damages A screen to pinpoint the most critical locations and mitigation options on the transportation network A web-based application to display risk information

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¹⁵ “Methods and Tools for Transportation Resilience Planning: Identifying and Reducing Flood and Erosion Risks on Vermont Roads,” Vermont Agency of Transportation, 2018, https://vtrans.vermont.gov/sites/aot/files/planning/documents/planning/Research/Poster%20VTrans%20Resiliency.pdf.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 12 Climate Change Snapshot¹⁶

Tool Name	Local Climate Change Snapshot
Developed By	Cal-Adapt
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Key Inputs	Address
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 1: Identifies the direct and immediate physical effects of a network disruption
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 5: Develop Strategies, Actions, and Plans
Key Outputs	This visualization shows the most likely outcome and a range of future projections of Annual Average Maximum Temperature. This table provides a snapshot of Annual Average Maximum Temperature for three 30-year time periods.

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¹⁶ “Climate Tools,” Cal-Adapt, 2021, https://cal-adapt.org/tools/.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 13 CanVis¹⁷

Tool Name	CanVis
Developed By	US Climate Resilience Toolkit
Dimension	Institutional
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 1: Identifies the direct and immediate physical effects of a network disruption Step 2: Identifies current and future affected network flows by facility and link
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 5: Develop Strategies, Actions, and Plans Step 6: Implement Strategies and Actions
Key Inputs	By importing photographs from a place in their community, users can View the potential impacts of rising sea levels in that specific area, Incorporate docks, buildings, rising waters, and other objects into user photographs to see potential scenarios, and Enables users to quickly illustrate “what if” scenarios with this easy-to-use tool.
Key Outputs	Visualize future changes related to sea level rise, storm surges, and flooding.

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¹⁷ “U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit,” CanVis, July 2019, https://toolkit.climate.gov/tool/canvis.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 14 Shoreline Analysis¹⁸

Tool Name	Digital Shoreline Analysis System
Developed By	USGS
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 1: Identifies the direct and immediate physical effects of a network disruption Step 2: Identifies current and future network flows by facility and link
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 3: Assess Current Practice Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences Step 5: Develop Strategies, Actions, and Plans
Key Inputs	ArcGIS layers: Shoreline positions for a section Reference baseline from which the DSAS transects are cast
Key Outputs	Calculates rate-of-change statistics from multiple historical shoreline positions. It provides an automated method for establishing measurement locations, performs rate calculations, provides the statistical data necessary to assess the robustness of the rates, and includes a beta model of shoreline forecasting with the option to generate 10- and/or 20-year shoreline horizons and uncertainty bands.

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¹⁸ “Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS),” U.S. Geological Survey, October 2018, https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 15 Urban Economic Recovery & Resilience¹⁹

Tool Name	Urban Economic Recovery and Resilience Diagnostic and Planning Tool
Developed By	UNCDF
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Long-Term Recovery
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 5: Models the economic impacts of network disruptions
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	N/A
Key Inputs	Analysis of capacity: To sustain growth of local businesses. To reallocate labor while minimizing employment. Of local financial system to maintain adequate supply to economic activities Of basic service infrastructure to enable and facilitate continued operation under stressful conditions (i.e., COVID)
Key Outputs	Resilience Performance Matrix using scores

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¹⁹ “Urban Economic Recovery and Resilience,” United Nations Capital Development Fund, February 2021, https://urbanresiliencehub.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Resilience-Diagnostic-Planning-Tool-Feb2021.pdf.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 16 Earthquake Traffic²⁰

Tool Name	Earthquake Traffic Tool
Developed By	SOGA Research Group: UC Berkeley
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Short-Term Recovery
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 1: Identifies the direct and immediate physical effects of a network disruption
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences
Key Inputs	Seismic Analysis Civil Structural and Infra Analysis
Key Outputs	Scenario and Probabilistic Analysis under different disaster scenes

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²⁰ “City-Scale Modeling,” Soga Research Group, n.d., http://geomechanics.berkeley.edu/research/city/.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

**Figure 6 - Simulating the traffic interruptions considering multi-infrastructure interactions post-earthquake**

Table 17 Hierarchal Systems²¹

Tool Name	Hierarchical Systems Tool
Developed By	Soga Research Group: UC Berkeley
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Short-Term Recovery
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	N/A
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	N/A

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²¹ “System of Systems,” Soga Research Group, n.d., http://geomechanics.berkeley.edu/research/system-of-systems/.

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Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Key Inputs

“A key question underpinning the city-scale research is to quantify the contributions of individual components toward the performance of the bigger system. In various applications and case studies, we have found the interactions between subsystems cannot be neglected. This has big policy implications and emphasis on the necessity of strengthening the corporations between various sectors to maximize the benefits or minimize the negative impacts in urban infrastructure governance. Specifically, we aim to develop digital twin systems at various scales that combine data and models from appropriate subsystems to better aid the understanding and transition toward better living environments.”

Key Outputs

**Figure 7 - Wildfire evacuation game: an interactive and realistic digital twin model built on scientific simulations and advanced visualizations (photo credit: Shyamini Kularathna)**

Page 23

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 18 Hazard Mitigation²²

Tool Name	Hazard Mitigation Cost Effectiveness Tool
Developed By	Federal Transit Administration
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 4: Models the response of the supply chain disruptions Step 5: Models the economic impacts of network disruptions
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 5: Develop Strategies, Actions, and Plans Step 6: Implement Strategies and Actions
Key Inputs	Project initial cost Damage type Transit mode Primary hazard Secondary hazard Cost info extended Costs associated with interruptions
Key Outputs	Resilience Cost Benefit Analysis Sheet designed to: Estimate financial benefits of investing in disaster resilience for multiple scenarios/events, Enable transit agencies to conduct a robust cost-benefit analysis of resilience projects being considered for funding, thereby supporting informed decisions on the benefits of investing in resilience projects, and Support the consideration of resilience as a part of an agency’s transit asset-management process.

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²² “Hazard Mitigation Cost Effectiveness Tool,” Federal Transit Administration, October 2017, https://www.transit.dot.gov/funding/grant-programs/emergency-relief-program/hazard-mitigation-cost-effectiveness-tool.

Page 24

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 19 Resilience Exploration Engine²³

Tool Name	Gulf Tree: Tools for Resilience Exploration Engine
Developed By	Gulf Alliance
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	N/A
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	N/A
Key Inputs	Geographic Scope Tool Function Cost Level of Effort Climate Change Themes/Topics
Key Outputs	Search engine outputs list of relevant tools based on input query

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²³ “Gulf Tree: Filtered Search,” Gulf Tree, n.d., http://www.gulftree.org/filtered-search.

Page 25

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 20 Climate Resilience²⁴

Tool Name	Climate Resilience
Developed By	SEMCOG
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Response
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 1: Identifies the direct and immediate physical effects of a network disruption
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 3: Assess Current Practice
Key Inputs	Average precipitation frequency estimates for each county Climate analysis for rainfall estimates for mid and end century
Key Outputs	Products of a recently completed Climate Resiliency study will support transportation planning and stormwater management activities. Dashboard: Top 5 Road Segments at Risk Roads risk rating breakdown Road asset count Bridge asset count Culvert asset count Pump station asset count

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²⁴ “Climate Resilience,” Southeast Michigan Council of Governments, n.d., https://semcog.org/plans-for-the-region/environment/climate-resilience.

Page 26

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 21 UCINET Simulation²⁵

Tool Name	UCINET Simulation Tool
Developed By	California State University Long Beach
Dimension	Institutional
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Response
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 2: Identifies current and future affected network flows by facility and link
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences
Key Inputs	Two path failure strategies (selective and random) using betweenness centrality as a metric
Key Outputs	“Calculate reliability by considering the critical paths of a transportation network using the UCINET simulation tool”

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²⁵ “Introducing the Resilience into the State Transportation Network,” National Center for Sustainable Transportation, January 2018, https://ncst.ucdavis.edu/research-product/introducing-resilience-state-transportation-network.

Page 27

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 22 Resilient Transportation Systems²⁶

Tool Name	Tools for Analyzing Resilient Transportation Systems
Developed By	TRB
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 5: Models the economic impacts of network disruptions
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 5: Develop Strategies, Actions, and Plans
Key Inputs	Incorporate the cost and benefits of resilience into the decision-making process, including project prioritization, weighing trade-offs, and making informed decisions on future infrastructure investments
Key Outputs	“Accurately assess the value of resilience in future infrastructure investments”

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²⁶ “TRB Webinar: Measuring Resiliency – Tools for Analyzing Resilient Transportation Systems,” National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicines, March 2021, https://webinar.mytrb.org/Webinars/Details/1463.

Page 28

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 23 Iowa State Transportation Resilience²⁷

Tool Name	Assessing and Enhancing Transportation Resilience for the State of Iowa
Developed By	Bridge Engineering Center Iowa State University
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Long-Term Recovery
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 4: Models the response of the supply chain to disruptions
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 3: Assess Current Practice Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences
Key Inputs	Historical repair costs from past events
Key Outputs	A multi-scale resilience index (MRI) to assess the impact of different failure consequences and “evaluate the likelihood of damages to the transportation network due to flood events, estimate the direct and indirect losses associated with such closures, and use the results as a tool to prioritize different projects while considering the long-term implications of mitigation efforts on the life cycle of assets considering the likelihood of flood events.”

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²⁷ “Assessing and Enhancing Transportation Resilience for the State of Iowa,” Bridge Engineering Center, October 2020, http://publications.iowa.gov/35175/2/assess_and_enhance_transportation_resilience_for_Iowa_t2.pdf.

Page 29

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 24 RAND Logic Model²⁸

Tool Name	Logic Model
Developed By	RAND
Dimension	Institutional
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 2: Identifies the current and future affected network flows by facility and link Step 3: Identifies supply chain characteristics and parameters Step 4: Models the response of the supply chain to disruptions
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 3: Assess Current Practice Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences
Key Inputs	Absorptive capacity Exposure metrics Restorative capacity Available response resources Equitable access Availability of public transit and alternative mode choices Adaptive capacity Availability of alternate routes and alternative mode choices
Key Outputs	Intensity of route use or vehicle miles traveled (VMT) Measures of the transportation system’s state of repair Reliability metrics Measures of congestion, travel time, and travel speed Measures of transportation system safety Reliability metrics Accessibility metrics

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²⁸ Sarah Weilant, Aaron Strong, and Benjamin Miller, “Incorporating Resilience into Transportation Planning and Assessment,” RAND Corporation, 2019, https://doi.org/10.7249/rr3038.

Page 30

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 25 EJI²⁹

Tool Name	Environmental Justice Index
Developed By	ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 1: Identify direct and immediate physical effects of network disruption
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 3: Assess Current Practice Step 4: Understand Hazards and Threats and their Impacts/Consequences
Key Inputs	State, County -> Select Block Group on Map
Key Outputs	Environmental Justice Index score on a Census tract level for cumulative impacts of environmental burden. For example, an EJI ranking of 0.85 signifies that 85% of tracts in the nation likely experience less severe cumulative impacts from environmental burden than the tract of interest, and that 15% of tracts in the nation likely experience more severe cumulative impacts from environmental burden. Comparison of scores for several neighborhoods, highlighting those that need additional resources to address environmental burden or social determinants of health.

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²⁹ “EJI Dashboard,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d., https://onemap.cdc.gov/Portal/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/4bcbcf78d4aa4a679df127259f081235.

Page 31

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 26 Transportation Toolkit³⁰

Tool Name	Transportation Toolkit
Developed By	Rural Health Information Hub
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 1: Identifies the direct and immediate physical effects of a network disruption
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 3: Assess Current Practice
Key Inputs	Introduction to rural transportation, Promising transportation program models, Rural transportation program clearinghouse, Implementation considerations, Evaluation considerations, Sustainability strategies, and Dissemination of approaches for rural transportation programs.
Key Outputs	Provides information and resources for rural communities interested in implementing a rural transportation program.

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³⁰ “Rural Transportation Toolkit,” Rural Health Information Hub, n.d., https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/transportation.

Page 32

Suggested Citation: "1 Matrix of Existing Network Resilience Analysis Methods and Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27921.

Table 27 – TranSight³¹

Tool Name	TranSight
Developed By	REMI
Dimension	Physical
Stage in Resilience Cycle	Preparation
Relationship to NCHRP Report 732: Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System (Fig 3)	Applies to Step 4: Models the response of the supply chain to disruptions Step 5: Models the economic impacts of network disruptions
Relationship to NCFRP Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (Fig 4)	Applies to Step 5: Develop Strategies, Actions, and Plans Step 6: Implement Strategies and Actions Step 7: Monitor System Performance
Key Inputs	Key Outputs
Figure 8 – TranSight model structure Models delays in transportation networks and demonstrates how resilience can be integrated into macroeconomic modeling via the transportation planning model REMI TranSight.