This study will address a series of questions about the health consequences for individuals, their families, and their communities of the increasing number of Americans lacking health insurance. The project will (1) design an analytic strategy to assess the distinct contribution that health insurance coverage makes to individuals' health status, access to care, familial wellbeing and stability and, in the aggregate, to population-level health; and (2) undertake a series of 6 analyses and reports that focus on measurable impacts of health insurance status for discrete population groups (e.g., for persons with particular chronic conditions or for groups who are more likely to lack health insurance), impacts on community-wide health and service capacity, and impacts on worker productivity.