Climate change is increasingly recognized as a defining challenge to human health, well-being, and equity, with complex, interconnected impacts on systems, economies, and ecosystems. There is a growing imperative to center health in climate-related policy, planning, and investment decision-making. An ad hoc international committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will conduct a study to identify transformative systems-level strategies that align climate mitigation and adaptation with improvements in global population health, equity, well-being, and economic resilience. The committee will consider empirical evidence and case-based insights to produce recommended approaches for decision-makers across geographies, systems, and scales.