Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health (2022)
Chapter: Appendix G: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units
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Appendix G
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Suggested Citation:
"Appendix G: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26381.
Appendix G
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units
| AAD | American Academy of Dermatology |
| ACR | acute:chronic ratio |
| ACS | American Cancer Society |
| AF | application factor |
| AOP | adverse outcome pathway |
| ASTM | American Society for Testing and Materials |
| BAF | bioaccumulation factor |
| BCC | basal cell carcinoma |
| BCF | bioconcentration factor |
| BMF | biomagnification factor |
| BOD | biological oxygen demand |
| BSAF | biota-sediment accumulation factor |
| °C | Celsius |
| CADDIS | Casual Analysis/Diagnosis Decision Information System |
| CARES | Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act |
| CAS | Chemical Abstract Service |
| CBB | critical body burden |
| CBI | confidential business information |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CPSTF | Community Preventative Services Task Force |
| CSO | combined sewer overflow |
| CYP | cytochrome P450 |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium |
| DOC | dissolved organic carbon |
| DOI | U.S. Department of the Interior |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix G: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26381.
| dph | days post hatch |
| DW | dry weight |
| EC50 | concentration of non-lethal effects on 50 percent of the test population |
| ECETOC | European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology Chemicals |
| ECHA | European Chemicals Agency |
| ECOSAR | Ecological Structure Activity Relationships |
| EIS | environmental impact statement |
| ENM | engineered nanomaterial |
| EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
| EPA CDR | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Data Reporting |
| ERA | ecological risk assessment |
| ESA | Endangered Species Act |
| FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| FDA VCRP | U.S. Food and Drug Administration Voluntary Cosmetic Reporting Program |
| g | gram |
| GRASE | generally recognized as safe and effective |
| h | hour |
| HC5 | hazardous concentration |
| hpf | hours post fertilization |
| HR | hazard ratio |
| IC | inhibitory concentration |
| ICP-MS | inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy |
| ICP-OES | inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer |
| INCI | International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient |
| ISO | International Organization for Standards |
| IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |
| KC | keratinocyte carcinoma |
| Kd | dissociation constant |
| kg | kilogram |
| Kow | octanol/water partition coefficient |
| L | liter |
| LC50 | lethal concentration for 50 percent of the test population |
| LC-MS/MS | liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry |
| LLOQ | lower limit of quantitation |
| LOD | limit of detection |
| LOEC | lowest observable effect concentration |
| Log | logarithm |
| LOQ | limit of quantitation |
| μg | microgram |
| mg | milligram |
| ml | milliliter |
| MOA | mode of action |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix G: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26381.
| MUsT | maximum usage trial |
| MW | molecular weight |
| NCI | National Cancer Institute |
| ND | assayed but not detected |
| NEPA | National Environmental Policy Act |
| ng | nanogram |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| nm | nanometer |
| NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| NOEC | no observed effect concentration |
| NOM | natural organic matter |
| NOWAC | Norwegian Women and Cancer |
| NP | nanoparticle |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| OTC | over the counter |
| PCPC | Personal Care Products Council |
| PEC | predicted environmental concentration |
| pKa | acid dissociation constant |
| PNEC | predicted no effect concentration |
| POP | persistent organic pollutant |
| POTW | publicly owned treatment work |
| ppb | parts per billion |
| PPCP | pharmaceutical or personal care product |
| QA/QC | quality assurance and quality control |
| QSAR | quantitative structure activity relationship |
| RCT | randomized controlled trial |
| REACH | Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SMILES | simplified molecular input line entry system |
| SML | surface microlayer |
| SPE | solid phase extraction |
| SPF | sun protection factor |
| SPMD | semi-permeable membrane device |
| SS | steady state |
| SSC | squamous cell carcinoma |
| SSD | species sensitivity distribution |
| TiO2 | titanium dioxide |
| TMF | trophic magnification factor |
| TOF | turnover frequency |
| TSCA | Toxic Substance Control Act |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix G: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26381.
| UPF | universal protection factor |
| USFWS | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| UVA | ultraviolet A |
| UVB | ultraviolet B |
| UVC | ultraviolet C |
| UVR | ultraviolet radiation |
| WebICE | Web-based Interspecies Correlation Estimation application |
| WRR | water resistance retention |
| WW | wet weight |
| WWTP | wastewater treatment plant |
| ZnO | zinc oxide |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix G: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26381.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix G: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26381.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix G: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26381.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix G: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Units." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/26381.
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