Oil in the Sea IV: Quick Guide for Practitioners and Researchers (2023)
Chapter: Front Matter
Oil in the Sea IV
Quick Guide for Practitioners and Researchers
ABOUT THIS BOOKLET
With the support of many agencies and industry, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have been advising the nation on the sources, fates, and effects of oil in the sea since the 1970s. Reports published in 1975, 1985, and 2003 have been instrumental in helping to improve oil spill science, prevent and reduce inputs from operational and accidental oil discharges, and reduce the impacts of harmful discharges on the environment. This booklet provides key insights from Oil in the Sea IV: Inputs, Fates, and Effects, published in 2022, which benefited from significant advancements in scientific methods to detect the input and fates of oil in the sea, and from lessons learned from the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill in 2010. Going beyond previous reports, Oil in the Sea IV includes analysis of human health impacts of oil in the sea, oil in the Arctic marine environment, and prevention and response efforts that can help to both reduce the amount of oil reaching the sea and minimize its effects. The booklet is meant to serve as a reference guide to all those involved in oil spill research and response.
Contents
Inputs: Sources of Oil in the Ocean
Research Trends in Oil Inputs to the Ocean
Looking Ahead: Future Sources of Oil in the Sea
Minimizing Accidental Oil Spills
The Oil Spill Response Toolbox
Shoreline Protection and Cleanup
Looking Ahead: Future Oil Spill Response Needs
Research Gaps: Source Control and Oil Response
Recent Advances in Understanding Oil Fate
Insights into Oil Fate Afforded by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Research Gaps: Fate of Oil in the Sea
Effects: What Harm Can Oil Cause?
Recent Advances in Understanding the Effects of Oil on Ecosystems
Research Gaps: Effects of Oil in the Sea
Effects of Oil Spills on Humans
Research Gaps: Effects of Oil Spills on Human Health
A Framework for Advancing Oil Spill Science
Additional Research Recommendations
Research Recommended to Advance Oil Spill Response and Minimize Effects
Research Needs to Better Understand Fates of Oil in the Marine Environment
