Page 71 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

APPENDIX B

Survey Results

What office is responsible for managing employee/occupational safety at the DOT?

DOT	Employee/Occupational Safety	Human Resources	Maintenance	Other/Write-In
Alabama		X	X
Arizona	X
Arkansas		X
California	X
Colorado	X
Delaware			X
Florida				State Safety Office
Georgia		X
Hawaii			X
Idaho	X
Illinois	X
Indiana	X
Iowa		X
Kansas	X
Kentucky	X
Louisiana	X
Maine			X
Maryland	X
Massachusetts	X
Michigan				Safety and Security Administration
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X
Missouri				Safety and Emergency Management

Page 72 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Employee/Occupational Safety	Human Resources	Maintenance	Management/Finance	Other/Write-In
Montana	X	X
Nebraska					Operations
Nevada	X
New Jersey				X
New Mexico					Risk Management
New York	X
North Carolina		X
Ohio	X
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X
South Carolina	X
South Dakota				X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah					Risk Management
Vermont	X
Virginia		X			Office of Safety, Security, & Emergency Management
Washington	X	X
West Virginia	X
Wyoming	X
Grand Total	25	9	4	2	7

Page 73 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Please select the most appropriate descriptors of the DOT: Employees Staffed

DOT	Permanent	Temporary	Consultant/CEI
Alabama	X	X	X
Arizona	X	X	X
Arkansas	X
California	X
Colorado	X	X	X
Delaware	X
Florida	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X		X
Idaho	X
Illinois	X
Indiana	X	X
Iowa	X
Kansas	X	X	X
Kentucky	X
Louisiana	X
Maine	X
Maryland	X	X	X
Massachusetts	X
Michigan	X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X
Missouri	X
Montana	X	X	X
Nebraska	X	X
Nevada	X	X	X
New Jersey	X
New Mexico	X
New York	X
North Carolina	X
Ohio	X
Oklahoma	X
Oregon	X	X
South Carolina	X	X	X

Page 74 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Permanent	Temporary	Consultant/CEI
South Dakota	X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah	X	X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X	X	X
Washington	X
West Virginia	X	X
Wyoming	X
Grand Total	43	14	10

Page 75 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Please select the most appropriate descriptors of the DOT: Non-Management Staff Labor Representation

DOT	Union	Non-Union
Alabama		X
Arizona		X
Arkansas		X
California	X
Colorado	X	X
Delaware		X
Florida		X
Georgia		X
Hawaii	X
Idaho		X
Illinois	X
Indiana		X
Iowa	X
Kansas	X	X
Kentucky		X
Louisiana		X
Maine	X
Maryland	X	X
Massachusetts	X
Michigan	X	X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi		X
Missouri		X
Montana	X
Nebraska	X
Nevada	X	X
New Jersey	X
New Mexico	X
New York	X
North Carolina		X
Ohio	X
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X

Page 76 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Union	Non-Union
South Carolina		X
South Dakota		X
Tennessee		X
Texas		X
Utah		X
Vermont	X
Virginia		X
Washington	X
West Virginia		X
Wyoming		X
Grand Total	21	27

Page 77 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Please select the most appropriate descriptors of the DOT: Non-Management Staff Hiring System

DOT	Civil Service/Hired	Non-Civil Service/Appointed
Alabama		X
Arizona	X
Arkansas	X
California	X
Colorado	X
Delaware	X
Florida	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X
Idaho	X
Illinois	X
Indiana	X
Iowa	X
Kansas	X	X
Kentucky	X	X
Louisiana	X
Maine	X
Maryland	X
Massachusetts
Michigan	X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X
Missouri	X
Montana	X
Nebraska	X
Nevada	X
New Jersey	X
New Mexico	X
New York	X
North Carolina	X
Ohio	X
Oklahoma	X
Oregon	X

Page 78 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Civil Service/Hired	Non-Civil Service/Appointed
South Carolina	X
South Dakota	X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah	X
Vermont	X
Virginia		X
Washington
West Virginia	X
Wyoming		X
Grand Total	38	5

Note: Blank cells represent no response.

Page 79 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Please select the most appropriate descriptors of the DOT: Human Resource Type

DOT	HR within the DOT	HR as a statewide agency
Alabama	X	X
Arizona	X
Arkansas	X
California	X
Colorado	X	X
Delaware		X
Florida	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X
Idaho		X
Illinois	X
Indiana		X
Iowa	X
Kansas	X	X
Kentucky	X	X
Louisiana		X
Maine	X	X
Maryland	X
Massachusetts		X
Michigan		X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X
Missouri	X
Montana	X
Nebraska	X
Nevada	X	X
New Jersey	X
New Mexico	X
New York	X
North Carolina	X
Ohio	X
Oklahoma	X
Oregon	X
South Carolina	X	X

Page 80 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	HR within the DOT	HR as a statewide agency
South Dakota	X
Tennessee	X	X
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X
Washington	X
West Virginia	X
Wyoming		X
Grand Total	35	16

Page 81 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Please select the most appropriate descriptors of the DOT: DOT Governance

DOT	Centralized DOT	Semi-centralized DOT	De-centralized DOT
Alabama		X
Arizona	X
Arkansas	X
California	X
Colorado	X
Delaware	X
Florida			X
Georgia		X
Hawaii		X
Idaho		X
Illinois	X
Indiana			X
Iowa	X
Kansas		X
Kentucky	X
Louisiana	X
Maine		X
Maryland			X
Massachusetts	X
Michigan		X
Minnesota		X
Mississippi		X
Missouri	X
Montana		X
Nebraska	X
Nevada	X
New Jersey		X
New Mexico		X
New York	X
North Carolina		X
Ohio			X
Oklahoma	X
Oregon	X
South Carolina	X
South Dakota
Tennessee		X
Texas			X
Utah		X
Vermont		X
Virginia	X

Page 82 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Centralized DOT	Semi-centralized DOT	De-centralized DOT
Washington
West Virginia	X
Wyoming	X
Grand Total	20	16	5

Page 83 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Please select the most appropriate descriptors of the DOT: OSHA Report Required

DOT	State Plan OSHA	Both	Neither (for public employees)
Alabama			X
Arizona		X
Arkansas			X
California		X
Colorado			X
Delaware			X
Florida			X
Georgia			X
Hawaii		X
Idaho			X
Illinois	X
Indiana	X
Iowa	X
Kansas	X
Kentucky	X
Louisiana			X
Maine	X
Maryland	X
Massachusetts	X
Michigan	X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi			X
Missouri			X
Montana			X
Nebraska			X
Nevada	X
New Jersey	X
New Mexico	X
New York	X
North Carolina	X
Ohio			X
Oklahoma	X
Oregon	X
South Carolina	X
South Dakota			X
Tennessee	X
Texas			X
Utah	X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X

Page 84 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	State Plan OSHA	Federal Plan OSHA	Both	Neither (for public employees)
Washington	X
West Virginia	X
Wyoming	X
Grand Total	25	0	3	15

Page 85 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Does the DOT document safety leading indicators?

DOT	Yes	No
Alabama		X
Arizona	X
Arkansas		X
California		X
Colorado	X
Delaware	X
Florida	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X
Idaho	X
Illinois	X
Indiana	X
Iowa	X
Kansas		X
Kentucky	X
Louisiana		X
Maine	X
Maryland		X
Massachusetts	X
Michigan	X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X
Missouri	X
Montana	X
Nebraska	X
Nevada	X
New Jersey	X
New Mexico		X
New York	X
North Carolina	X
Ohio		X
Oklahoma	X
Oregon	X
South Carolina	X
South Dakota	X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah	X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X

Page 86 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Yes	No
Washington	X
West Virginia	X
Wyoming	X
Grand Total	35	8

Page 87 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

How long has the DOT documented safety leading indicators?

DOT	Less than a year	1 to < 3 years	3 to < 5 years	5 to < 10 years	More than 10 years
Alabama
Arizona					X
Arkansas
California
Colorado				X
Delaware					X
Florida					X
Georgia			X
Hawaii					X
Idaho					X
Illinois				X
Indiana		X
Iowa		X
Kansas
Kentucky		X
Louisiana
Maine			X
Maryland
Massachusetts					X
Michigan					X
Minnesota					X
Mississippi				X
Missouri			X
Montana	X
Nebraska		X
Nevada					X
New Jersey			X
New Mexico
New York				X
North Carolina			X
Ohio
Oklahoma					X
Oregon			X
South Carolina					X
South Dakota					X
Tennessee			X
Texas				X
Utah			X
Vermont			X
Virginia				X

Page 88 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Less than a year	1 to < 3 years	3 to < 5 years	5 to < 10 years	More than 10 years
Washington		X
West Virginia		X
Wyoming		X
Grand Total	1	7	9	6	12

Page 89 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Reporting of Near Miss/Close Calls

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware				X
Florida		X
Georgia				X
Hawaii		X
Idaho		X
Illinois	X
Indiana	X	X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine		X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan				X
Minnesota	X		X
Mississippi	X	X
Missouri	X	X
Montana		X
Nebraska		X
Nevada		X
New Jersey		X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina	X

Page 90 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X			X
South Carolina
South Dakota								X
Tennessee
Texas		X
Utah								X
Vermont		X
Virginia	X	X
Washington		X
West Virginia	X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	13	20	0	1	0	0	1	5

Note: N/A indicates not applicable.

Page 91 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Use of Safety Committees

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	N/A
Alabama
Arizona		X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X
Delaware					X
Florida	X				X
Georgia	X
Hawaii					X
Idaho				X
Illinois		X
Indiana	X	X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky		X
Louisiana
Maine		X
Maryland
Massachusetts	X
Michigan						X
Minnesota					X
Mississippi
Missouri	X	X	X	X	X
Montana					X
Nebraska		X			X
Nevada					X
New Jersey					X
New Mexico
New York	X	X
North Carolina				X

Page 92 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X			X	X
South Carolina	X
South Dakota	X			X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X			X
Washington
West Virginia					X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	16	12	1	6	11	0	0	1

Page 93 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Supervisors Being Coached and Encouraged for Safety

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Alabama
Arizona		X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X
Delaware		X			X
Florida		X
Georgia		X
Hawaii	X
Idaho		X
Illinois		X
Indiana	X	X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky		X
Louisiana
Maine		X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan						X
Minnesota	X				X
Mississippi
Missouri		X
Montana		X
Nebraska		X
Nevada		X
New Jersey				X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina			X

Page 94 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon		X
South Carolina
South Dakota	X						X
Tennessee		X
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont		X
Virginia	X		X
Washington
West Virginia		X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	9	22	1	1	1	0	3	1

Page 95 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Employees’ Perceptions of Just and Fair Safety Culture

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Monthly	Documented Annually	N/A
Alabama
Arizona		X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X
Delaware				X
Florida	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii		X
Idaho
Illinois		X
Indiana					X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan					X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi
Missouri		X
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada			X
New Jersey		X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina		X

Page 96 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon		X
South Carolina
South Dakota				X
Tennessee
Texas	X
Utah								X
Vermont		X
Virginia	X	X
Washington
West Virginia				X
Wyoming				X
Grand Total	9	12	0	4	0	1	0	3

Page 97 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Safety Leadership Training

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X
Delaware					X
Florida	X	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X
Idaho	X
Illinois		X
Indiana						X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan						X
Minnesota				X
Mississippi
Missouri	X	X
Montana		X
Nebraska		X
Nevada		X
New Jersey				X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina			X

Page 98 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X	X
South Carolina	X
South Dakota	X
Tennessee		X
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X		X
Washington
West Virginia		X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	17	14	1	1	2	0	1	2

Page 99 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Use of Toolbox Talks

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	N/A
Alabama
Arizona		X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware			X
Florida	X	X
Georgia						X
Hawaii	X
Idaho				X
Illinois		X
Indiana						X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts	X
Michigan	X	X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X		X
Missouri	X		X
Montana		X
Nebraska			X
Nevada			X
New Jersey					X
New Mexico
New York			X
North Carolina			X

Page 100 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X	X
South Carolina			X
South Dakota	X	X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont			X
Virginia	X		X
Washington
West Virginia				X
Wyoming	X		X
Grand Total	16	11	11	2	1	0	0	2

Page 101 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Use of Safety Audits/Risk Assessments

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware	X
Florida	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X
Idaho
Illinois	X
Indiana	X	X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan	X	X
Minnesota	X				X
Mississippi
Missouri	X	X
Montana		X
Nebraska				X
Nevada				X
New Jersey		X
New Mexico
New York	X
North Carolina			X

Page 102 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X	X
South Carolina	X
South Dakota	X	X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont				X
Virginia	X		X
Washington	X		X
West Virginia			X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	22	12	4	1	2	1	0	0

Page 103 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: WorkZone Traffic Control Training

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware	X
Florida	X	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X
Idaho	X
Illinois	X
Indiana	X	X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts	X
Michigan	X	X
Minnesota	X					X
Mississippi	X	X
Missouri	X	X	X
Montana		X
Nebraska		X
Nevada				X
New Jersey					X
New Mexico
New York	X	X
North Carolina				X

Page 104 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X	X
South Carolina	X
South Dakota	X					X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont
Virginia	X		X
Washington	X	X	X
West Virginia		X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	25	16	3	2	1	2	0	0

Page 105 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: First Aid/CPR Training

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X
Delaware	X
Florida	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X
Idaho	X
Illinois	X
Indiana	X	X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts	X
Michigan	X	X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X	X
Missouri	X	X
Montana		X
Nebraska	X
Nevada			X
New Jersey				X
New Mexico
New York	X	X
North Carolina		X

Page 106 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X					X
South Carolina	X	X
South Dakota	X	X					X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X	X
Washington	X
West Virginia		X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	28	15	0	1	1	1	1	0

Page 107 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Use of Stretch and Flex Programs

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	N/A
Alabama
Arizona		X
Arkansas
California
Colorado				X
Delaware				X
Florida		X
Georgia				X
Hawaii		X
Idaho
Illinois		X
Indiana				X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky		X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan				X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi
Missouri	X		X
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada		X
New Jersey		X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina		X

Page 108 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon		X
South Carolina
South Dakota								X
Tennessee
Texas	X
Utah								X
Vermont
Virginia
Washington	X
West Virginia		X
Wyoming								X
Grand Total	6	13	1	0	0	0	0	8

Page 109 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Use of Wellness Programs

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	N/A
Alabama
Arizona		X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware					X
Florida		X
Georgia					X
Hawaii		X
Idaho			X
Illinois	X
Indiana	X	X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky		X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan					X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi
Missouri	X	X
Montana		X
Nebraska		X
Nevada		X
New Jersey				X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina		X

Page 110 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X	X
South Carolina	X
South Dakota	X			X		X
Tennessee
Texas	X
Utah								X
Vermont	X
Virginia
Washington	X
West Virginia					X
Wyoming								X
Grand Total	12	15	0	2	2	1	0	5

Page 111 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: OSHA 10 Training

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Quarterly	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Alabama
Arizona		X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware	X
Florida	X
Georgia						X
Hawaii		X
Idaho
Illinois	X
Indiana	X	X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan						X
Minnesota					X
Mississippi
Missouri	X	X
Montana		X
Nebraska
Nevada				X
New Jersey				X
New Mexico
New York	X
North Carolina		X	X

Page 112 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon								X
South Carolina
South Dakota								X
Tennessee
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont
Virginia	X	X
Washington
West Virginia		X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	12	13	1	0	2	0	1	4

Page 113 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Communication of Safety Lessons Learned

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	N/A
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware	X
Florida		X
Georgia		X
Hawaii	X
Idaho		X
Illinois		X
Indiana	X	X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan				X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X		X
Missouri	X	X
Montana		X
Nebraska		X
Nevada	X
New Jersey	X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina			X

Page 114 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X	X
South Carolina		X
South Dakota							X
Tennessee		X
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont		X
Virginia	X	X
Washington
West Virginia		X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	16	20	2	0	0	0	1	1

Page 115 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Reporting of Vehicle Inspections

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	N/A
Alabama
Arizona		X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware	X
Florida		X
Georgia						X
Hawaii	X
Idaho
Illinois	X
Indiana	X		X
Iowa	X		X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts	X
Michigan	X	X
Minnesota	X				X
Mississippi	X	X
Missouri		X
Montana
Nebraska			X
Nevada	X
New Jersey				X
New Mexico
New York					X
North Carolina			X

Page 116 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X	X
South Carolina	X		X
South Dakota							X
Tennessee		X
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont
Virginia	X		X
Washington
West Virginia			X
Wyoming	X		X
Grand Total	17	10	8	0	1	2	1	1

Page 117 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Reporting of Vehicle Operations (i.e., seat belt usage)

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	N/A
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware	X
Florida		X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X
Idaho
Illinois	X
Indiana						X
Iowa	X		X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan						X
Minnesota						X
Mississippi
Missouri	X	X	X	X
Montana	X
Nebraska			X
Nevada	X
New Jersey					X
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina			X

Page 118 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon								X
South Carolina
South Dakota		X
Tennessee
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont
Virginia	X		X
Washington
West Virginia		X
Wyoming								X
Grand Total	12	7	5	1	1	0	0	5

Page 119 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Participation and Buy-In of Leadership to Safety Activities

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Quarterly	N/A
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas		X
California
Colorado	X
Delaware					X
Florida		X
Georgia		X
Hawaii		X
Idaho
Illinois		X
Indiana					X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan					X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi
Missouri	X			X
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada	X
New Jersey		X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina			X

Page 120 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X	X
South Carolina
South Dakota		X
Tennessee		X
Texas	X
Utah								X
Vermont		X
Virginia	X		X
Washington	X
West Virginia		X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	11	15	2	0	1	0	0	4

Page 121 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Existence of Agency Safety Champion

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Monthly	N/A
Alabama
Arizona		X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X
Delaware				X
Florida		X
Georgia	X
Hawaii		X
Idaho			X
Illinois	X
Indiana				X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine		X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan				X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada	X
New Jersey	X
New Mexico
New York				X
North Carolina			X

Page 122 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon
South Carolina
South Dakota								X
Tennessee		X
Texas
Utah								X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X		X
Washington	X
West Virginia		X
Wyoming		X
Grand Total	11	9	1	2	0	0	0	6

Page 123 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Tracking PPE Spending/Replacement

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	N/A
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware	X
Florida		X
Georgia						X
Hawaii	X
Idaho
Illinois	X
Indiana	X				X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts	X
Michigan						X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X	X
Missouri	X	X
Montana	X
Nebraska				X
Nevada	X
New Jersey	X			X
New Mexico
New York						X
North Carolina			X

Page 124 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X	X
South Carolina
South Dakota		X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah								X
Vermont
Virginia	X		X
Washington	X	X
West Virginia	X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	21	10	2	0	2	1	0	4

Page 125 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Investing in Safety Programs

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Quarterly	N/A
Alabama
Arizona		X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware	X
Florida		X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X
Idaho		X
Illinois	X
Indiana				X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan				X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X	X
Missouri
Montana	X
Nebraska			X
Nevada	X
New Jersey			X
New Mexico
New York	X
North Carolina		X

Page 126 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X			X
South Carolina		X
South Dakota		X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah								X
Vermont		X
Virginia	X		X
Washington	X
West Virginia		X
Wyoming	X
Grand Total	18	12	1	1	2	0	0	3

Page 127 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Tracking Safety Training Logs

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Quarterly	N/A
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware	X
Florida		X
Georgia	X	X
Hawaii	X
Idaho
Illinois	X
Indiana	X	X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan					X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X	X
Missouri	X	X
Montana	X
Nebraska		X		X
Nevada	X
New Jersey				X
New Mexico
New York	X
North Carolina		X	X

Page 128 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X	X
South Carolina		X
South Dakota	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah		X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X		X
Washington	X	X
West Virginia	X
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	24	16	3	1	3	1	1	1

Page 129 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, which does the DOT document and how frequently are they documented, used, or tracked?

Safety Leading Indicator: Other (Note: there were three write-in options for “Other” in the survey. Multiple “X”s for an individual respondent indicate that the respondent provided that response for multiple write-in options.)

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	N/A
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado						XXX
Delaware
Florida
Georgia		XX		X	X
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana						XXX
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan	X	X				XX
Minnesota	XXX
Mississippi	XXX	XX	X
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Jersey
New Mexico

Page 130 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Is Documented	Documented As Needed/As Event Occurs	Documented Daily/Weekly	Documented Monthly	Documented Quarterly	Documented Annually	Documented On Other Frequency	N/A
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma								XXX
Oregon	X			X
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah								XXX
Vermont
Virginia
Washington	XX		X	X
West Virginia
Wyoming	X	X
Grand Total	11	6	2	2	1	1	0	14

Page 131 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Which of the following safety training program(s) are included for the DOT’s safety training program?

(Note: there were three write-in options for “Other” in the survey. Multiple “X”s for an individual respondent indicate that the respondent provided that response for multiple write-in options.)

DOT	First Aid/CPR Training	WorkZone Traffic Control Training	Defensive Driving Training	Safety Leadership Training	OSHA 10-Hour Training	OSJA 30-Hour Training	Other
Alabama
Arizona	X	X	X	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X	X		X	X		X
Delaware	X	X	X		X
Florida	X	X	X		X
Georgia	X	X	X	X
Hawaii	X	X	X
Idaho	X	X	X	X			X
Illinois	X	X	X	X
Indiana	X	X	X		X	X	XXX
Iowa	X	X	X	X	X		XX
Kansas
Kentucky	X	X	X	X	X	X
Louisiana
Maine	X	X	X	X	X	X
Maryland
Massachusetts	X	X	X		X
Michigan	X	X					X
Minnesota	X	X	X	X
Mississippi	X	X	X		X	X	XXX
Missouri	X	X			X		X
Montana	X	X	X	X	X
Nebraska	X	X	X	X			X
Nevada	X	X	X	X	X	X
New Jersey		X	X
New Mexico
New York	X	X
North Carolina	X		X	X	X

Page 132 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	First Aid/CPR Training	WorkZone Traffic Control Training	Defensive Driving Training	Safety Leadership Training	OSHA 10-Hour Training	OSJA 30-Hour Training	Other
Ohio
Oklahoma	X	X	X	X			XXX
Oregon	X	X	X	X			XX
South Carolina	X	X	X
South Dakota	X	X	X	X
Tennessee	X	X	X
Texas	X	X	X	X	X	X	XX
Utah	X	X	X	X	X		X
Vermont	X	X	X	X
Virginia	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Washington	X	X	X	X
West Virginia	X	X	X		X	X	XX
Wyoming	X		X	X	X	X	XXX
Grand Total	34	33	31	22	18	9	27

Page 133 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Which of the following safety training program(s) does the DOT’s leadership participate in?

(Note: there were three write-in options for “Other” in the survey. Multiple “X”s for an individual respondent indicate that the respondent provided that response for multiple write-in options.)

DOT	First Aid/CPR Training	WorkZone Traffic Control Training	Defensive Driving Training	Safety Leadership Training	OSHA 10-Hour Training	OSHA 30-Hour Training	Other
Alabama
Arizona		X	X	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X	X	X	X	X		X
Delaware	X		X
Florida	X		X
Georgia	X	X	X	X			X
Hawaii	X	X	X
Idaho
Illinois	X	X	X	X
Indiana	X		X		X
Iowa	X		X				X
Kansas
Kentucky	X	X	X	X	X	X
Louisiana
Maine	X	X	X	X	X	X
Maryland
Massachusetts		X	X
Michigan	X						X
Minnesota			X	X
Mississippi	X						X
Missouri	X	X			X	X
Montana
Nebraska	X		X	X
Nevada	X	X	X	X	X	X
New Jersey		X	X	X	X
New Mexico
New York	X	X			X
North Carolina				X	X

Page 134 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	First Aid/CPR Training	WorkZone Traffic Control Training	Defensive Driving Training	Safety Leadership Training	OSHA 10-Hour Training	OSHA 30-Hour Training	Other
Ohio
Oklahoma	X	X	X	X
Oregon				X
South Carolina		X	X
South Dakota	X	X	X	X
Tennessee	X	X	X
Texas	X	X	X	X	X		XX
Utah			X
Vermont
Virginia	X		X	X			X
Washington	X		X
West Virginia	X	X	X		X	X	XX
Wyoming				X			XX
Grand Total	23	18	25	17	11	5	12

Page 135 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

For the DOT’s safety training programs, how are they delivered?

DOT	Live, in-person	Synchronous (Live) and virtual	Asynchronous and on-demand virtual	Other
Alabama
Arizona	X			X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X	X	X
Delaware	X	X	X
Florida	X	X	X
Georgia	X	X	X	X
Hawaii	X	X
Idaho	X		X
Illinois	X	X	X
Indiana	X	X	X
Iowa	X	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X	X	X
Louisiana
Maine		X
Maryland
Massachusetts	X	X
Michigan				X
Minnesota	X	X	X
Mississippi	X	X
Missouri	X	X	X
Montana	X	X	X
Nebraska	X	X	X
Nevada	X
New Jersey	X	X
New Mexico
New York	X
North Carolina	X	X
Ohio
Oklahoma	X	X	X
Oregon	X	X	X	X
South Carolina	X	X	X
South Dakota	X	X	X
Tennessee	X	X	X
Texas	X	X	X
Utah	X		X

Page 136 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Live, in-person	Synchronous (Live) and virtual	Asynchronous and on-demand virtual	Other
Vermont	X	X	X
Virginia	X	X	X
Washington	X	X	X
West Virginia	X	X
Wyoming	X	X	X
Grand Total	33	29	24	4

Page 137 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Does the tracking and reporting requirements of safety leading indicators flow through to private contractors/consultants/CEI?

DOT	Yes, it is written in their contracts	Yes, but it is not formally written in their contracts	No
Alabama
Arizona			X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X
Delaware			X
Florida			X
Georgia			X
Hawaii	X
Idaho			X
Illinois			X
Indiana			X
Iowa			X
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine			X
Maryland
Massachusetts			X
Michigan			X
Minnesota			X
Mississippi			X
Missouri			X
Montana			X
Nebraska		X
Nevada			X
New Jersey	X
New Mexico
New York			X
North Carolina		X
Ohio
Oklahoma			X
Oregon			X
South Carolina			X
South Dakota			X
Tennessee			X
Texas			X
Utah		X

Page 138 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Yes, it is written in their contracts	Yes, but it is not formally written in their contracts	No
Vermont			X
Virginia			X
Washington			X
West Virginia			X
Wyoming			X
Grand Total	3	4	28

Page 139 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Who is responsible for checking compliance of the private contractors/consultants/CEI with the safety leading indicator tracking and reporting requirements?

DOT	DOT Field Staff	DOT Employee Safety Staff	Other
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado			X
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii		X
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky	X
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska			X
Nevada
New Jersey	X	X
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina	X	X
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas

Page 140 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	DOT Field Staff	DOT Employee Safety Staff	No Compliance Checks Are Performed	Other
Utah	X	X		X
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wyoming
Grand Total	4	4	0	3

Page 141 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

How frequently is compliance checked for the private contractors/consultants/CEI with the safety leading indicator tracking and reporting requirements?

DOT	On a regular basis	Random spot checks	Other
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado			X
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii	X
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky	X	X
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska		X
Nevada
New Jersey	X
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina	X	X
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah			X

Page 142 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	On a regular basis	Random spot checks	At the beginning of their work	Other
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wyoming
Grand Total	4	3	0	2

Page 143 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

What method(s) does the DOT use to capture and document safety leading indicators?

DOT	Collected on paper and stored electronically (e.g., scanned PDFs or data entered into a spreadsheet)	Collected through electronic safety management system (SMS)	Collected on paper and stored on paper	Other
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X	X	X
Delaware	X	X	X
Florida		X
Georgia	X		X
Hawaii		X
Idaho	X	X
Illinois	X	X
Indiana		X
Iowa	X
Kansas
Kentucky		X
Louisiana
Maine	X	X	X
Maryland
Massachusetts	X
Michigan	X			X
Minnesota	X	X
Mississippi		X	X
Missouri		X
Montana	X		X
Nebraska	X	X
Nevada	X
New Jersey	X		X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina		X
Ohio
Oklahoma	X	X	X
Oregon	X
South Carolina		X
South Dakota		X		X

Page 144 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Collected on paper and stored electronically (e.g., scanned PDFs or data entered into a spreadsheet)	Collected through electronic safety management system (SMS)	Collected on paper and stored on paper	Other
Tennessee	X		X	X
Texas	X	X	X	X
Utah	X	X	X
Vermont	X
Virginia		X
Washington	X
West Virginia	X		X
Wyoming	X	X	X
Grand Total	24	22	13	4

Page 145 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

How does the DOT use the data you capture from safety leading indicators?

DOT	Short-term trends (i.e., quarter-to-quarter trends)	Long-term trends (i.e., year-to-year trends)	Data is used as needed/as requested	Correlate leading indicators to lagging indicators	Visualize the current state (i.e., through a dashboard)	Other
Alabama
Arizona	X	X		X	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X	X		X	X
Delaware	X	X			X
Florida	X	X	X
Georgia						X
Hawaii	X	X	X	X	X
Idaho			X
Illinois	X	X	X	X	X
Indiana	X	X		X	X
Iowa	X		X
Kansas
Kentucky					X
Louisiana
Maine				X
Maryland
Massachusetts			X
Michigan		X
Minnesota	X		X
Mississippi	X	X	X	X	X
Missouri	X	X	X	X	X
Montana			X
Nebraska		X	X		X
Nevada				X
New Jersey		X		X
New Mexico
New York				X
North Carolina	X	X		X
Ohio
Oklahoma			X
Oregon	X	X		X

Page 146 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Short-term trends (i.e., quarter-to-quarter trends)	Long-term trends (i.e., year-to-year trends)	Data is used as needed/as requested	Correlate leading indicators to lagging indicators	Visualize the current state (i.e., through a dashboard)	Other
South Carolina			X
South Dakota	X	X
Tennessee			X
Texas	X	X	X	X	X	X
Utah			X
Vermont	X	X	X		X
Virginia	X	X		X	X
Washington	X	X		X
West Virginia	X		X
Wyoming	X	X		X	X
Grand Total	20	20	18	17	14	2

Page 147 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Is the safety leading indicator data that the DOT collects analyzed to be used for improvements to the employee safety program?

DOT	Yes	No	Unsure
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X
Delaware	X
Florida	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X
Idaho	X
Illinois	X
Indiana	X
Iowa	X
Kansas
Kentucky			X
Louisiana
Maine			X
Maryland
Massachusetts			X
Michigan		X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X
Missouri	X
Montana			X
Nebraska	X
Nevada	X
New Jersey	X
New Mexico
New York	X
North Carolina	X
Ohio
Oklahoma	X
Oregon	X
South Carolina	X
South Dakota	X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X
Utah			X
Vermont	X

Page 148 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Yes	No	Unsure
Virginia	X
Washington	X
West Virginia	X
Wyoming	X
Grand Total	29	1	5

Page 149 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Does the DOT have written documentation on roles, responsibilities, and expectations for the following positions in regard to their participation in the documentation of safety leading indicators?

DOT	Central office safety managers	District/region safety managers	Maintenance crews	Superintendents	District/region engineers	District/region leadership	Central office executive leadership	No roles, responsibilities, or expectations are documented	Other
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Delaware	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Florida	X	X	X	X
Georgia	X								X
Hawaii	X		X	X	X
Idaho	X	X	X	X	X	X
Illinois	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Indiana	X	X	X	X
Iowa								X
Kansas
Kentucky	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Louisiana
Maine	X	X		X		X	X
Maryland
Massachusetts	X	X					X
Michigan								X
Minnesota	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X
Mississippi	X	X
Missouri	X	X	X	X			X
Montana			X
Nebraska	X		X	X	X	X	X
Nevada	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
New Jersey	X	X	X		X
New Mexico
New York								X
North Carolina	X	X	X	X	X

Page 150 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Central office safety managers	District/region safety managers	Maintenance crews	Superintendents	District/region engineers	District/region leadership	Central office executive leadership	No roles, responsibilities, or expectations are documented	Other
Ohio
Oklahoma	X	X
Oregon	X	X				X
South Carolina	X	X
South Dakota	X	X	X		X		X
Tennessee								X
Texas	X	X	X	X	X	X			X
Utah								X
Vermont			X		X	X	X
Virginia	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Washington	X	X							X
West Virginia	X	X	X	X	X		X
Wyoming	X	X	X	X		X
Grand Total	28	24	21	18	16	14	14	5	4

Page 151 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Who uses the data that is documented from the safety leading indicators?

DOT	Central office safety managers	District/region safety managers	Maintenance crews	Superintendents	District/region engineers	District/region leadership	Central office executive leadership	Data is used as needed/as requested	Other
Alabama
Arizona	X							X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Delaware								X
Florida	X	X				X	X	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Idaho	X	X			X	X	X
Illinois	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Indiana	X	X				X	X
Iowa	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X	X			X		X
Louisiana
Maine	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Maryland
Massachusetts	X						X
Michigan	X	X						X
Minnesota	X	X	X	X		X	X	X
Mississippi	X	X			X				X
Missouri	X	X					X
Montana		X						X
Nebraska	X						X
Nevada	X
New Jersey		X	X		X		X
New Mexico
New York	X	X				X	X
North Carolina	X	X		X	X
Ohio
Oklahoma	X	X

Page 152 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Central office safety managers	District/region safety managers	Maintenance crews	Superintendents	District/region engineers	District/region leadership	Central office executive leadership	Data is used as needed/as requested	Other
Oregon	X	X	X			X	X
South Carolina	X							X
South Dakota	X				X		X
Tennessee								X
Texas	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Utah	X	X						X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Washington		X		X		X		X
West Virginia	X	X			X	X	X
Wyoming	X	X				X	X
Grand Total	30	24	9	9	13	15	20	11	1

Page 153 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

What strategies has the DOT implemented to develop a safety leading indicators program?

DOT	Dedicated staff to managing the safety leading indicator program	Employee suggestion or other feedback mechanism	Communication plans/advertisement of safety leading indicator program	Pilot the safety leading indicator program in region or district	Formation of oversight team	Included in collective bargaining agreement	No implementation strategies have been used	Other
Alabama
Arizona	X	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado		X	X	X
Delaware					X
Florida			X	X
Georgia							X
Hawaii	X	X	X		X	X
Idaho							X
Illinois	X	X		X				X
Indiana	X	X	X	X
Iowa	X	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X	X
Louisiana
Maine	X		X
Maryland
Massachusetts							X
Michigan							X
Minnesota	X		X	X	X
Mississippi							X
Missouri	X	X		X	X
Montana							X
Nebraska		X	X					X
Nevada				X
New Jersey	X		X
New Mexico
New York							X
North Carolina	X	X		X	X

Page 154 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Dedicated staff to managing the safety leading indicator program	Employee suggestion or other feedback mechanism	Communication plans/advertisement of safety leading indicator program	Pilot the safety leading indicator program in region or district	Formation of oversight team	Included in collective bargaining agreement	No implementation strategies have been used	Other
Ohio
Oklahoma			X		X			X
Oregon	X		X		X
South Carolina							X
South Dakota							X
Tennessee							X
Texas	X			X	X
Utah		X			X
Vermont	X	X
Virginia	X	X	X	X
Washington				X
West Virginia	X	X
Wyoming	X	X	X	X
Grand Total	17	15	13	12	9	1	10	3

Page 155 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Has the DOT found any of the following implementation strategies to be successful?

DOT	Dedicated staff to managing the safety leading indicator program	Employee suggestion or other feedback mechanism	Communication plans/advertisement of safety leading indicator program	Pilot the safety leading indicator program in region or district	Formation of oversight team	Included in collective bargaining agreement	Other
Alabama
Arizona	X	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado							X
Delaware					X
Florida	X	X
Georgia
Hawaii	X	X	X		X	X
Idaho
Illinois	X	X	X	X			X
Indiana	X	X	X	X
Iowa			X
Kansas
Kentucky	X		X
Louisiana
Maine			X	X	X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan							X
Minnesota	X			X	X
Mississippi							X
Missouri	X	X
Montana	X
Nebraska		X	X				X
Nevada	X
New Jersey	X	X	X
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina	X				X

Page 156 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Dedicated staff to managing the safety leading indicator program	Employee suggestion or other feedback mechanism	Communication plans/advertisement of safety leading indicator program	Pilot the safety leading indicator program in region or district	Formation of oversight team	Included in collective bargaining agreement	Other
Ohio
Oklahoma					X
Oregon	X		X		X
South Carolina
South Dakota					X
Tennessee
Texas	X	X		X
Utah							X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X	X	X	X
Washington				X
West Virginia		X
Wyoming	X	X	X
Grand Total	17	12	11	7	8	1	6

Page 157 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Does the DOT use any of the following incentives or disincentives within the safety leading indicator program?

DOT	Positive recognition from leadership	Prizes (e.g., plaques, trophies, apparel, meals, etc.)	Corrective actions	Financial rewards	No incentives or disincentives are in current use
Alabama
Arizona	X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X	X	X	X
Delaware		X
Florida	X	X		X
Georgia					X
Hawaii			X
Idaho	X	X
Illinois					X
Indiana	X		X	X
Iowa	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X	X
Louisiana
Maine	X
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan					X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X
Missouri	X
Montana		X
Nebraska					X
Nevada	X
New Jersey			X
New Mexico
New York	X

Page 158 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Positive recognition from leadership	Prizes (e.g., plaques, trophies, apparel, meals, etc.)	Corrective actions	Financial rewards	No incentives or disincentives are in current use	Other
North Carolina			X
Ohio
Oklahoma	X		X	X
Oregon	X	X	X
South Carolina					X
South Dakota					X
Tennessee	X
Texas	X			X
Utah	X					X
Vermont					X
Virginia	X	X	X
Washington	X	X
West Virginia	X	X
Wyoming	X		X			X
Grand Total	22	10	9	5	7	2

Page 159 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

What challenges has the DOT experienced with implementing a safety leading indicators program?

DOT	Lack of employee buy-in/participation	Lack of staffing support for safety program	Other duties/programs have higher priority	Lack of funding	Lack of identified benefit	Declining safety program momentum	No challenges have been experienced	Other
Alabama
Arizona	X				X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X	X		X	X
Delaware		X
Florida							X
Georgia								X
Hawaii							X
Idaho	X
Illinois	X	X	X	X
Indiana		X	X	X
Iowa	X		X		X
Kansas
Kentucky				X
Louisiana
Maine	X		X
Maryland
Massachusetts			X
Michigan	X	X	X	X		X
Minnesota	X
Mississippi	X	X						X
Missouri		X	X
Montana								X
Nebraska							X
Nevada	X	X
New Jersey	X		X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina			X
Ohio
Oklahoma							X
Oregon	X		X	X

Page 160 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Lack of employee buy-in/participation	Lack of staffing support for safety program	Other duties/programs have higher priority	Lack of funding	Lack of identified benefit	Declining safety program momentum	No challenges have been experienced	Other
South Carolina		X	X		X
South Dakota	X	X	X
Tennessee							X
Texas
Utah		X	X			X
Vermont	X	X	X	X
Virginia	X
Washington	X	X	X
West Virginia								X
Wyoming	X	X		X		X
Grand Total	17	15	15	8	4	3	5	4

Page 161 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

What benefits has the DOT documented since implementing the documentation of safety leading indicators?

DOT	Increased awareness of safety activities	Improved data for safety-related decision-making	Increased employee engagement in safety	Reduction in incident rates	Reduction in workers compensation claims	Improved morale around safety	No benefits have been documented
Alabama
Arizona	X			X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X	X	X	X	X	X
Delaware	X	X		X	X
Florida	X	X	X
Georgia	X
Hawaii	X	X	X	X	X	X
Idaho	X		X	X	X	X
Illinois			X	X
Indiana	X	X		X	X
Iowa	X	X
Kansas
Kentucky	X		X			X
Louisiana
Maine	X	X
Maryland
Massachusetts							X
Michigan							X
Minnesota	X	X
Mississippi	X		X	X	X	X
Missouri	X	X	X	X	X	X
Montana		X	X		X
Nebraska	X	X	X
Nevada				X	X
New Jersey	X		X	X	X	X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina	X		X	X	X	X
Ohio
Oklahoma		X	X			X
Oregon	X	X	X	X	X	X

Page 162 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

DOT	Increased awareness of safety activities	Improved data for safety-related decision-making	Increased employee engagement in safety	Reduction in incident rates	Reduction in workers compensation claims	Improved morale around safety	No benefits have been documented	Other
South Carolina							X
South Dakota							X
Tennessee	X	X	X			X
Texas	X	X	X	X	X
Utah							X
Vermont	X	X	X	X		X
Virginia	X	X	X	X	X	X
Washington	X	X	X	X		X
West Virginia		X		X	X
Wyoming	X	X	X	X	X	X
Grand Total	24	21	20	19	16	15	5	0

Page 163 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Does the DOT safety leading indicator program have written policies and procedures?

DOT	Yes	No
Alabama
Arizona		X
Arkansas
California
Colorado	X
Delaware		X
Florida	X
Georgia		X
Hawaii	X
Idaho		X
Illinois	X
Indiana		X
Iowa		X
Kansas
Kentucky		X
Louisiana
Maine		X
Maryland
Massachusetts		X
Michigan		X
Minnesota		X
Mississippi		X
Missouri		X
Montana	X
Nebraska		X
Nevada	X
New Jersey		X
New Mexico
New York		X
North Carolina		X
Ohio
Oklahoma		X
Oregon	X
South Carolina		X
South Dakota		X
Tennessee		X
Texas		X
Utah		X
Vermont	X
Virginia	X
Washington	X
West Virginia		X
Wyoming		X
Grand Total	10	25

Page 164 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

For DOTs not currently documenting safety leading indicators

Does the DOT have plans to document safety leading indicators?

DOT	Yes, within the next 2 years	Yes, within the next 5 years	Discussions are active	No current plans
Alabama	X
Arkansas	X
California			X
Kansas			X
Louisiana			X
Maryland	X
New Mexico			X
Ohio				X
Grand Total	3	0	4	1

What barriers exist to documenting a safety leading indicator program?

DOT	Lack of funding	Lack of staffing support for safety program	Lack of employee buy-in/participation	Other duties/programs have higher priority	Lack of identified benefit	Declining safety program momentum	No barriers exist	Other
Alabama		X	X	X
Arkansas	X	X		X
California	X	X
Kansas								X
Louisiana	X		X	X
Maryland	X		X	X	X
New Mexico			X
Ohio		X			X
Grand Total	4	4	4	4	2	0	0	1

Page 165 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix B: Survey Results." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Tracking Safety Leading Indicators to Improve DOT Employee Safety Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/28599.

Of the following safety leading indicators, please select the practice of these safety leading indicators that the DOT would like to document.

(Note: there were three write-in options for “Other” in the survey. Multiple “X”s for an individual respondent indicate that the respondent provided that response for multiple write-in options.)

DOT	Investing in Safety Programs	Reporting of Near Miss/Close Calls	Use of Safety Committees	Safety Leadership Training	Use of Safety Audits/Risk Assessments	Communication of Safety Lessons Learned	Use of Toolbox Talks	WorkZone Traffic Control Training	OSHA 10 Training	Existence of Agency Safety Champion	Tracking PPE Spending/Replacement	Supervisors Being Coached and Encouraged for Safety	Use of Stretch and Flex Programs	Participation and Buy-In of Leadership to Safety Activities	Tracking Safety Training Logs	Employee Perceptions of Just and Fair Safety Culture	First Aid/CPR Training	Reporting of Vehicle Inspections	Use of Wellness Programs	Reporting of Vehicle Operations	Other
Alabama	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X
Arkansas	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	XX X
California	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X	X
Kansas			X	X	X	X	X				X				X
Louisiana	X	X	X		X	X										X
Maryland	X	X	X	X	X		X	X	X	X	X			X	X		X	X
New Mexico	X	X				X		X	X
Ohio	X			X						X		X	X
Grand Total	7	6	6	6	6	6	5	5	5	5	5	4	4	4	4	3	3	3	2	2	3