Transportation Planning in Non-Metropolitan/Rural Areas (2026)

Chapter: References and Bibliography

Previous Chapter: 5 Summary of Findings
Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Transportation Planning in Non-Metropolitan/Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29379.


References and Bibliography

Alpine County. (n.d.). Local Transportation Commission. Alpine County California. Retrieved from https://www.alpinecountyca.gov/369/Local-Transportation-Commission

Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225

Caltrans. (2017). 2017 Regional Planning Handbook. CALTRANS. Retrieved from https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/transportation-planning/documents/final-2017-rph-11-9-17.pdf

Caltrans. (2024). 2024 Regional Transportation Plan Guidelines for Regional Transportation Planning Agencies. CALTRANS. Retrieved from https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/transportation-planning/documents/division-transportation-planning/regional-and-community-planning/2024-rtp-guidelines-for-rtpas-final-a11y-1.pdf

Caltrans. (n.d.). FY 2024–2025 Rural Planning Assistance Final Allocations. Retrieved from Regional Coordination and Fiscal Management and Oversight: https://dot.ca.gov/programs/transportation-planning/division-of-transportation-planning/regional-and-community-planning/regional-coordination-and-fiscal-management-and-oversight

Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). (2024a). Rural Planning Guide: A Guide to Coloradoʼs Rural Transportation Planning Organizations and CDOTʼs Rural Planning Assistance (RPA) Program. Division of Transportation Development Statewide and Regional Planning. Denver: CDOT. Retrieved from https://www.codot.gov/programs/planning/assets/planning-partners/rural-planning-assistance-rpa-program-guide-2024

CDOT. (2024b). Multimodal Transportation and Mitigation Options Fund (MMOF) Local MMOF Program Guidelines. Denver: CDOT. Retrieved from https://www.codot.gov/programs/planning/grants/mmof-local-program-guidebook-aug2024.pdf

CDOT. (2025a). Multimodal Transportation and Mitigation Options Fund Local MMOF Allocations. Division of Transportation Development. Denver: CDOT. Retrieved from https://www.codot.gov/programs/planning/grants/local-mmof-funding-projections-may-2025.pdf

CDOT. (2025b). Transportation Planning in Colorado: CDOT Planning Manual. Denver: CDOT. Retrieved from https://www.codot.gov/programs/yourtransportationpriorities/statewide-plan

Conlan, T. (2017). Intergovernmental Relations in a Compound Republic: The Journey from Cooperative to Polarized Federalism. 47(2), 171–187. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjw036

Cypher, T., and Grinnell, C. (2007). Governments Working Together: A Citizenʼs Guide to Joint Powers Agreements. California State Legislature Senate Committee on Local Government. Retrieved from https://sgf.senate.ca.gov/sites/sgf.senate.ca.gov/files/GWTFinalversion2.pdf

Dabson, B. (2020). Regional Solutions for Rural and Urban Challenges. State and Local Government Review, 51(4), 283–291. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X20925132

Dilger, R. J. (2015). Federalism Issues in Surface Transportation Policy: A Historical Perspective. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc795476/

Doyle, Z., Thompson, L., Wood, A., Kappler, J., and Chase, M. (2005). Transportation Planning in Rural America: Emerging Models for Local Consultation, Regional Coordination and Rural Planning Organizations. National Association of Development Organizations (NADO) Research Foundation.

Frank, K. I., and Hibbard, M. (2017). Rural Planning in the Twenty-First Century: Context-Appropriate Practices in a Connected World. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 37(3), 299–308. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X16655599

Frank, K. I., and Reiss, S. A. (2014). The Rural Planning Perspective at an Opportune Time. Journal of Planning Literature, 29(4), 386–402. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.usf.edu/10.1177/0885412214542050

Gómez-Limón, J. A., Vera-Toscano, E., and Rico-González, M. (2012). Measuring Individual Preferences for Rural Multifunctionality: The Importance of Demographic and Residential Heterogeneity. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 63(1), 1–24. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2011.00325.x

Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Transportation Planning in Non-Metropolitan/Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29379.

Higgins, B. (2020). Regions 101. Retrieved from CALCOG: https://calcog.org/regions-101/

Holmes, J. (2006). Impulses Towards a Multifunctional Transition in Rural Australia: Gaps in the Research Agenda. Journal of Rural Studies, 22(2), 142–160. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2005.08.006

Iowa DOT. (2022). Iowa Department of Transportation Corporate Handbook. Retrieved from https://ia.iowadot.gov/dotnet/docs/Iowa-DOT-Corporate-Handbook.pdf

Iowa DOT. (2023). Instructional Memorandum to Local Public Agencies: Federal-Aid Swap Program (IM No. 1.150). Retrieved from https://ia.iowadot.gov/local_systems/publications/im/1150.pdf

Iowa DOT. (2025a). District Transportation Planners, MPOs, and RPAs. Retrieved from District Transportation Plannersʼ Areas of Responsibility. Retrieved from https://iowadot.gov/transportation-development/systems-planning/district-transportation-areas

Iowa DOT. (2025b). Federal-Aid Conversion Information. Retrieved from https://iowadot.gov/transportation-development/local-systems/resources-tools/iija-information/federal-aid-conversion-information

Kissel, C., Schwartz, B., James, S., and Dyer, S. (2016). Regional Rural Transportation Planning: State Models for Local Consultation, Regional Coordination, and Regional Transportation Planning Organizations. National Association of Development Organizations (NADO) Research Foundation.

NADO. (2025a). About RTPOs. Retrieved from Rural Transportation: https://ruraltransportation.org/about-rtpos/

NADO. (2025b). Statewide Regional Planning Commission (RPC) Network Assessment. Vermont Association of Planning and Development Agencies (VAPDA).

NDOT. (2024). Nevada Department of Transportation Rural Engagement Plan. Retrieved from https://www.dot.nv.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/23144/638731369147000000

ODOT. (2022). Ohio RTPO Administration Manual. Ohio Department of Transportation. Retrieved from https://www.transportation.ohio.gov/programs/statewide-planning-research/regional-transportation-planning/rtpo-administration-manual

ODOT. (2025a). Regional Transportation Planning: MPO and RTPO Websites and Maps. Ohio Department of Transportation. Retrieved from https://www.transportation.ohio.gov/programs/statewide-planning-research/regional-transportation-planning/03-mpo-rtpo-sites-for-tip

ODOT. (2025b). MPO and RTPO Resource Guide: An Introduction to Ohioʼs Metropolitan and Regional Planning Organizations. Office of Statewide Planning and Research. Retrieved from https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/transportation.ohio.gov/statewide-planning/MPO-RTPO_ResourceGuide.pdf

Office of Management and Budget (OMB). (2021). 2020 Standards for Delineating Core Based Statistical Areas. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President. Retrieved from https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/07/16/2021-15159/2020-standards-for-delineating-core-based-statistical-areas

Ratcliffe, M., Burd, C., Holder, K., and Fields, A. (2016). Defining Rural at the U.S. Census Bureau. ACSGEO-1, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/acs/acsgeo-1.pdf

Sanders, A., and Cromartie, J. (2025). Rural Classifications - What is Rural? USDA Economic Research Service. Retrieved from https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/rural-classifications/what-is-rural

Schweppe, E. (2001). Legacy of A Landmark: ISTEA After 10 Years. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved from http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/01novdec/legacy.cfm

Sciara, G.-C. (2017). Metropolitan Transportation Planning: Lessons From the Past, Institutions for the Future. Journal of the American Planning Association, 83(3), 262–276. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2017.1322526

Shasta Regional Transportation Agency. (2017). Overview of the Shasta Regional Transportation Agency. Retrieved from https://www.srta.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3474/SRTA-Overview-PDF-updated-March-2-2017

Sriraj, P., Metaxatos, P., Buffoni, P., and Larson, B. (2024). Regional Rural Transportation Planning and the Role of the Rural Planning Organizations. The Urban Transportation Center at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Retrieved from https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/73723/dot_73723_DS1.pdf

Stauber, K. N. (2001). Why Invest in Rural America—And How? A Critical Public Policy Question for the 21st Century. https://www.kansascityfed.org/documents/1416/Why_Invest_in_Rural_America--And_How_A_Critical_Public_Policy_Question_for_the_21st_Ce.pdf

Title 19 VSA § 10l. Highways Chapter 001: State Highway Law; General Transportation Provisions. Retrieved from https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/19/001/00010l

Title 23 CFR Part 450. Planning Assistance and Standards. Retrieved from https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-23/chapter-I/subchapter-E/part-450

Title 23 USC § 101. Definitions and Declaration of Policy. Retrieved from https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title23-section101&num=0&edition=prelim

Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Transportation Planning in Non-Metropolitan/Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29379.

Title 23 USC § 133. Surface Transportation Block Grant Program. Retrieved from https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title23-section133&num=0&edition=prelim

Title 23 USC § 134. Metropolitan Transportation Planning. Retrieved from https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title23-section134&num=0&edition=prelim

Title 23 USC § 135 (Highways). Statewide and Nonmetropolitan Transportation Planning. Retrieved from https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title23/html/USCODE-2023-title23-chap1-sec135.htm

Title 49 USC § 5304 (Public Transportation). Statewide and Nonmetropolitan Transportation Planning. Retrieved from https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title49/html/USCODE-2023-title49-subtitleIII-chap53-sec5304.htm

U.S. Census Bureau. (2024). Urban and Rural. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html

U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). (2020). Multi-MPO Planning: A Transportation Practitionerʼs Guide. U.S. DOT. Retrieved from https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/megaregions/reports/practitioners_guide

U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). (2020). Federal-Aid Highways: States and Local Governments Reported Benefits to Federal Highway Fund Swapping, but Impacts Cannot be Definitively Determined (GAO-21-88). Retrieved from https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-21-88.pdf

VTrans. (2023). Vermont Long-Range Transportation Plan. Vermont Agency for Transportation. Retrieved from https://vtrans.vermont.gov/sites/aot/files/planning/documents/planning/2040_LRTP_%20Final_Amended_2023.pdf

VTrans. (2025). Regional Planning Coordination. State of Vermont Agency of Transportation. Retrieved from https://vtrans.vermont.gov/planning/policy-planning/regional

Waid, D. R., Moore, B. P., Thomason, B., Johnson, J., Gray, B., Hobbs, M., and Mathers, M. (2021). Modernization of Iowa Transportation Program Management System. Iowa Highway Research Board Iowa Department of Transportation. Ames, IA. Retrieved from https://publications.iowa.gov/37620/1/TR-726_Final%20Report_Modernization%20of%20Iowa%20Transportation%20Program%20Management%20System.pdf

Waldheim, N., Herbel, S., and Kissel, C. (2014). Integrating Safety in the Rural Transportation Planning Process. Federal Highway Administration Office of Safety. Retrieved from https://highways.dot.gov/safety/local-rural/integrating-safety-rural-transportation-planning-process

WSDOT. (2019). WSDOT/MPO/RTPO Reference Materials. Washington State Department of Transportation.

WYDOT. (2010). Wyoming Connects: Statewide Long Range Transportation Plan. Wyoming Department of Transportation. Retrieved from https://www.dot.state.wy.us/files/live/sites/wydot/files/shared/Planning/Long%20Range%20Transportation%20Plan%202010.pdf

Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Transportation Planning in Non-Metropolitan/Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29379.

This page intentionally left blank.

Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Transportation Planning in Non-Metropolitan/Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29379.
Page 77
Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Transportation Planning in Non-Metropolitan/Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29379.
Page 78
Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Transportation Planning in Non-Metropolitan/Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29379.
Page 79
Suggested Citation: "References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. Transportation Planning in Non-Metropolitan/Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/29379.
Page 80
Next Chapter: Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire
Subscribe to Emails from the National Academies
Stay up to date on activities, publications, and events by subscribing to email updates.