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Suggested Citation: "8. Composition of Feed Ingredients." National Research Council. 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2115.

8
Composition of Feed Ingredients

The tables of feed ingredient composition (Tables 8-1 to 8-5) provide information that make it possible to define fish feeds nutritionally and prepare them economically for both research and commercial use. Data in the tables come from the National Research Council (1979, 1982, 1984), the Feed Composition Data Bank (U.S. Department of Agriculture), and published sources considered to be reliable by this committee. Feed ingredients are identified by their commonly used name and assigned an International Feed Number. Values in the tables are presented on an ''as-fed" basis, with dry matter content stipulated.

The composition data represent chemical analyses with no correction for availability to the animal. The values must therefore be adjusted to allow for availability to the fish when they are used in diet formulation. This is because the nutrient requirements for fish have been determined with chemically defined ingredients in which the nutrients are highly digestible, and the nutrient requirement data are presented on the basis of being nearly 100 percent available.

Digestion coefficients for protein and for individual essential amino acids are presented for several feed ingredients in Chapter 4. The amino acid data are based on digestibility to channel catfish and Atlantic salmon; however, similar amino acid digestibility in these feeds for other fish species is probably a safe assumption. Availability of minerals varies among sources and fish species. Phosphorus digestibility in some feeds by the stomachless carp is much lower than that by channel catfish or rainbow trout. Availability of minerals from technical-or reagent-grade compounds will be higher and more consistent than from feedstuffs. Availability of phosphorus in several feed ingredients for three fish species is presented in Chapter 4.

Energy values for feedstuffs are presented on a digestible energy basis for channel catfish and Chinook salmon and on digestible and metabolizable energy bases for rainbow trout. Most fish digest protein and fats well, and the energy in them is available to the fish. The digestibility of carbohydrate varies more. Thus the available energy values presented for grains, starch, and dextrin for channel catfish, Chinook salmon, and rainbow trout should be used with discretion for other species.

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Suggested Citation: "8. Composition of Feed Ingredients." National Research Council. 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2115.

TABLE 8-1 Proximate Composition and Digestible and Metabolizable Energy Values for Natural and Chemically Defined Ingredients Commonly Used in Fish Feeds (as-fed basis)

Ingredient	International Feed Number	Typical Dry Matter (%)	Digestible Energy (kcal/kg)			Metabolizable Energy (kcal/kg)		Proximate Composition (%)
Ingredient	International Feed Number	Typical Dry Matter (%)	Rainbow Trout	Channel Catfish	Chinook Salmon	Rainbow Trout		Crude Protein	Crude Fat	Crude Fiber	Ash
Alfalfa meal, dehydrated, 17 percent protein	1-00-023	92	513	730	—	859		17.1	2.8	24.1	9.8
Blood meal, spray dehydrated	5-00-381	93	4,289	3,410	1,864	3,410		89.2	0.74	1.0	2.3
Brewers grains, dehydrated	5-02-141	92	—	—	—	—		23.1	6.4	13.7	3.7
Canola meal, prepress solvent extracted	5-06-145	93	2,725	—	2,373	—		38.0	3.8	11.1	6.8
Corn distillers grains with solubles, dehydrated	5-28-236	91	—	—	—	—		27.0	9.3	9.1	6.4
Corn distillers solubles, dehydrated	5-28-237	90	2,265	—	—	2,283		27.6	8.5	4.6	7.5
Corn gluten meal, 60 percent	5-28-242	91	4,260	—	—	3,554		60.4	1.8	1.5	2.1
Corn	4-02-935	88	—	2,200	—	—		8.5	3.6	2.3	1.3
Corn, extrusion cooked	4-02-935	88	—	3,060	—	—		8.5	3.6	2.3	1.3
Cotton seed meal, solvent extracted	5-01-619	92	2,474	3,110	—	2,468		41.7	1.8	11.3	6.4
Crab meal, process residue	5-01-663	92	—	—	—	3,214		32.0	2.5	10.6	41.0
Fish solubles, condensed	5-01-969	50	—	—	—	—		31.5	6.1	0.5	9.6
Fish solubles, dehydrated	5-01-971	93	3,426	—	—	3,345		64.3	8.2	1.3	2.5
Fishmeal, anchovy, mechanically extracted	5-01-985	92	4,204	—	4,828	4,328		65.4	7.6	1.0	14.3
Fishmeal, catfish by-product, mechanically extracted	5-09-835	92	—	—	—	—		50.8	9.6	0.5	18.0
Fishmeal, herring, mechanically extracted	5-02-000	92	4,340	—	4,876	—	72.0	8.4	0.6	10.4
Fishmeal, menhaden, mechanically extracted	5-02-009	92	—	4,060	4,063	—		64.5	9.6	0.7	19.0
Fishmeal, tuna, mechanically extracted	5-02-023	93	—	—	—	—		59.9	6.8	0.8	21.9
Fishmeal, white, mechanically extracted	5-02-025	92	3,211	—	—	2,974		62.3	5.0	0.5	21.3
Meat meal	5-09-323	93	—	—	—	—		55.6	8.7	2.3	27.0
Meat and bone meal	5-09-322	94	3,186	2,930	—	—		50.9	9.7	2.4	29.2
Molasses, sugar cane, dehydrated	4-04-695	94	—	—	—	—		9.6	0.8	6.2	12.5
Peanut meal, solvent extracted	5-03-650	92	—	3,370	—	—		49.0	1.3	9.9	5.9
Poultry by-product meal	5-03-798	93	3,459	—	3,633	2,982		59.7	13.6	2.1	14.5
Poultry feather meal	5-03-795	93	—	3,400	3,250	—		83.3	5.4	1.2	2.9
Rice bran with polishings	4-03-928	91	—	2,110	—	—		12.8	13.7	11.1	11.6
Rice bran, with germ, solvent extracted	4-03-930	91	—	—	—	—		14.0	1.5	12.9	10.8
Rice polishings	4-03-943	90	—	—	—	—		12.8	14.6	5.3	7.4

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Suggested Citation: "8. Composition of Feed Ingredients." National Research Council. 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2115.

		Typical Dry Matter (%)	Digestible Energy (kcal/kg)			Metabolizable Energy (kcal/kg)		Proximate Composition (%)
Ingredient	International Feed Number	Typical Dry Matter (%)	Rainbow Trout	Channel Catfish	Chinook Salmon	Rainbow Trout		Crude Protein	Crude Fat	Crude Fiber	Ash
Shrimp meal, process residue	5-04-226	88	—	—	—	—		39.5	3.2	12.8	27.2
Sorghum (milo)	4-04-444	89	—	—	—	—		9.9	2.8	2.3	1.8
Soybean seed, steam cooked, full fat	5-04-597	90	3,809	—	—	3,641		38.0	18.0	5.0	4.5
Soybean meal, solvent extracted	5-04-604	90	—	3,010	—	—		44.0	1.1	7.3	6.3
Soybean meal, solvent extracted without hulls	5-04-612	—	2,934	—	3,250	2,566		48.5	0.9	3.4	5.8
Sunflower meal, solvent extracted	5-04-739	93	—	—	—	—		45.5	2.9	11.7	7.5
Wheat	4-05-268	88	—	2,400	—	—		12.9	1.7	2.5	1.6
Wheat bran	4-05-190	89	—	2,790	—	—		16.4	4.0	9.9	5.3
Wheat flour	4-05-199	88	1,588	—	—	—		11.7	1.2	1.3	0.4
Wheat middlings	4-05-205	89	2,173	—	2,032	2,237		17.0	4.3	8.0	4.6
Yeast, brewers, dehydrated	7-05-527	93	3,522	—	—	2,922		42.6	1.0	3.2	6.6
Yeast, torula, dehydrated	7-05-534	93	3,421	—	—	—		49.0	1.5	2.2	7.7
Casein^a	5-01-162	91	—	4,400	—	—		84.3	0.6	Trace	2.1
Cellulose powder^a	^b	96	—	—	—	—		0	0	92.6	0
Corn starch^a	^b	88	—	2,700	—	—		0.2	Trace	0.08	0.08
Corn starch, cooked^a	^b	88	—	—	—	—		0.2	Trace	0.08	0.08
20 percent of diet			—	3,400	—	—	—	—	—		—
40 percent of diet			—	2,800	—	—	—	—	—		—
Dextrin^a	4-08-023	90
30 percent of diet			—	2,920	—	—	—	—	—		—
60 percent of diet			—	1,920	—	—	—	—	—		—
Gelatin^a	5-14-503	90	—	4,700	—	—	87.6	0.1	Trace		Trace
NOTE: Dash indicates data were not available. ^a Purified ingredients. ^b An International Feed Number is not assigned.

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Suggested Citation: "8. Composition of Feed Ingredients." National Research Council. 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2115.

TABLE 8-2 Amino Acid Composition of Ingredients Commonly Used in Fish Feeds (as-fed basis)

Ingredient	International Feed Number	Dry Matter (%)	Typical Crude Protein (%)	Arginine (%)	Histidine (%)	Isoleucine (%)	Leucine (%)	Lysine (%)	Methionine (%)	Cystine (%)	Phenylalanine (%)	Tyrosine (%)	Threonine (%)	Tryptophan (%)	Valine (%)
Alfalfa meal, dehydrated 17 percent protein	1-00-023	92	17.1	0.77	0.33	0.81	1.28	0.85	0.27	0.29	0.80	0.54	0.71	0.34	0.88
Blood meal, spray dehydrated	5-00-381	93	89.2	3.75	5.14	0.97	10.82	7.45	1.08	1.24	5.92	2.55	3.76	1.04	7.48
Brewers grains, dehydrated	5-02-141	92	23.1	1.27	0.52	1.54	2.54	0.88	0.46	0.35	1.44	1.15	0.93	0.37	1.61
Canola meal, solvent extracted	5-06-145	93	38.0	2.32	1.07	1.51	2.65	2.27	0.70	0.47	1.52	0.93	1.71	0.44	1.94
Casein, dehydrated	5-01-162	93	87.3	3.40	2.59	5.00	8.46	6.92	2.67	0.31	4.52	4.60	3.81	1.21	6.71
Corn, yellow	4-02-935	88	8.5	0.43	0.26	0.35	1.21	0.25	0.17	0.22	0.48	0.31	0.35	0.08	0.44
Corn distillers grains with solubles, dehydrated	5-28-236	91	27.0	1.12	0.64	1.09	2.89	0.65	0.50	0.46	1.39	0.99	0.98	0.10	1.50
Corn distillers solubles, dehydrated	5-28-237	90	27.6	0.97	0.68	1.28	2.24	1.07	0.56	0.45	1.49	0.87	1.02	0.24	1.55
Corn gluten meal, dehydrated, 60 percent	5-28-242	91	60.7	2.02	1.31	2.54	10.2	1.11	1.63	1.20	3.96	3.32	2.07	0.43	3.09
Cotton seed meal, solvent extracted	5-01-619	92	41.2	3.97	0.83	1.15	1.80	1.89	0.50	0.45	2.10	0.80	1.02	0.42	1.68
Crab meal, process residue	5-01-663	92	31.4	1.66	0.49	1.17	1.54	1.38	0.53	0.24	1.16	1.17	1.00	0.29	1.47
Fish solubles, condensed	5-01-969	50	32.7	1.58	1.62	0.77	1.55	1.86	0.63	0.27	0.88	0.44	0.87	0.22	1.22
Fishmeal, anchovy	5-01-985	92	65.5	3.85	1.61	3.17	5.05	5.04	1.99	0.60	2.78	2.24	2.82	0.75	3.50
Fishmeal, catfish, processing by-product	5-09-835	92	51.1	3.18	0.80	1.95	3.17	3.10	1.09	0.38	1.58	1.55	1.96	0.41	2.31
Fishmeal, herring	5-02-000	92	72.0	4.54	1.65	3.13	5.19	5.57	2.08	0.74	2.71	2.20	2.90	0.77	4.30
Fishmeal, menhaden	5-02-009	92	64.5	3.82	1.45	2.66	4.48	4.72	1.75	0.56	2.41	1.94	2.50	0.65	3.22
Fishmeal, tuna	5-02-023	93	59.9	3.43	1.75	2.45	3.79	4.06	1.47	0.47	2.15	1.69	2.31	0.57	2.77
Fishmeal, white	5-02-025	92	62.2	4.21	1.34	2.67	4.52	4.53	1.68	0.75	2.34	1.94	2.57	0.60	3.02
Gelatin	5-14-503	—	87.6	6.97	0.71	1.38	2.74	3.55	0.73	0.13	1.71	0.47	1.81	0.01	2.09
Meat meal, rendered	5-09-323	93	55.6	3.60	0.89	1.64	2.85	2.93	0.66	0.59	1.72	1.17	1.64	0.34	2.52
Meat with bone meal	5-09-322	94	50.0	3.37	0.96	1.43	3.00	2.67	0.65	0.50	1.70	1.09	1.65	0.30	2.45
Peanut meal, solvent extracted	5-03-650	92	48.1	5.89	1.33	1.76	3.33	1.71	0.49	0.59	2.49	2.23	1.67	0.48	1.88
Poultry by-product meal	5-03-798	93	59.7	4.06	1.09	2.30	4.11	3.06	1.10	0.84	2.10	1.87	0.94	0.46	2.86
Poultry feather meal	5-03-795	93	83.3	5.65	0.62	3.65	6.64	1.83	0.55	3.70	3.78	2.40	3.79	0.52	6.48
Rice bran with germ, solvent extracted	4-03-930	91	15.7	0.85	0.29	0.51	1.01	0.54	0.21	0.20	0.56	0.54	0.45	0.21	0.65
Rice polishings	4-03-943	90	12.8	0.63	0.17	0.35	0.70	0.52	0.20	0.13	0.43	0.42	0.34	0.10	0.72
Shrimp meal, process residue	5-04-226	88	39.9	2.35	0.90	1.46	2.60	2.17	0.82	0.59	1.59	1.45	1.42	0.42	1.83
Sorghum (milo)	4-04-444	89	9.9	0.37	0.22	0.41	1.28	0.28	0.24	0.16	0.48	0.35	0.34	0.10	0.52
Soybean seeds, steam cooked	5-04-597	90	31.2	2.53	0.86	1.60	2.63	2.24	0.46	0.34	1.72	1.25	1.41	0.52	2.02
Soybean meal, solvent extracted	5-04-604	90	44.8	3.39	1.19	2.03	3.49	2.85	0.57	0.70	2.22	1.57	1.78	0.64	2.02
Soybean meal, solvent extracted, without hulls	5-04-612	93	50.0	3.67	1.22	2.14	3.63	3.08	0.68	0.75	2.44	1.76	1.89	0.69	2.55
Sunflower meal, solvent extracted	5-04-739	93	40.7	3.60	0.96	1.96	2.73	1.66	0.83	0.74	2.09	0.75	1.61	0.61	2.60
Wheat	4-05-268	88	12.9	0.64	0.30	0.51	0.89	0.36	0.21	0.27	0.63	0.43	0.37	0.17	0.59
Wheat bran	4-05-190	89	16.4	0.86	0.39	0.51	0.92	0.58	0.19	0.26	0.55	0.38	0.46	0.25	0.69
Wheat midlings	4-05-205	89	17.0	0.98	0.41	0.67	1.08	0.67	0.18	0.22	0.64	0.40	0.54	0.20	0.75
Yeast, brewers, dehydrated	7-05-527	93	42.6	2.25	1.09	1.98	2.85	2.97	0.67	0.49	1.62	1.50	2.04	0.52	2.36
NOTE: Dash indicates data were not available.

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Suggested Citation: "8. Composition of Feed Ingredients." National Research Council. 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2115.

TABLE 8-3 Mineral Composition of Ingredients Commonly Used in Fish Feeds (as-fed basis)

		Minerals
Ingredient	International Feed Number	Dry Matter (%)	Calcium (%)	Phosphorus (%)	Potassium (%)	Chlorine (%)	Magnesium (%)	Sodium (%)	Sulfur (%)	Copper (mg/kg)	Iron (mg/kg)	Manganese (mg/kg)	Selenium (mg/kg)	Zinc (mg/kg)
Alfalfa meal, dehydrated, 17 percent protein	1-00-023	92	1.40	0.23	2.38	0.47	0.29	0.10	0.23	10.0	404	31.0	0.33	19
Blood meal, spray dehydrated	5-00-381	93	0.41	0.30	0.15	0.25	0.15	0.38	0.34	8.2	2769	6.4	—	306
Brewers grains, dehydrated	5-02-141	92	0.29	0.51	0.09	0.13	0.15	0.20	0.29	21.7	233	37.2	0.7	27
Casein, dehydrated	5-01-162	91	0.61	0.82	0.01	—	.01	0.01	—	3.8	14	4.3	0.13	27
Corn	4-02-935	88	0.03	0.28	0.33	0.05	0.11	0.01	0.11	3.5	33	5.7	0.07	19
Corn distillers grains with solubles, dehydrated	5-28-236	91	0.14	0.66	0.40	0.16	0.16	0.52	0.35	52.8	236	22.8	0.35	80
Corn distillers solubles, dehydrated	5-28-237	91	0.30	1.44	1.64	0.26	0.59	0.23	0.36	81.0	555	72.8	0.36	84
Corn gluten meal, 60 percent	5-28-242	90	0.07	0.44	0.19	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.57	26.1	229	6.3	0.83	31
Cotton seed meal, solvent extracted	5-01-619	92	0.17	1.17	1.39	0.04	0.41	0.04	0.3	19.0	208	21.0	0.06	61
Crab meal, process residue	5-01-663	92	14.56	1.59	0.45	1.51	0.94	0.88	0.25	32.73	4356	133.0	—	—
Fish solubles, condensed	5-01-969	50	0.16	0.57	1.64	2.93	0.03	2.45	0.12	46.6	276	13.2	1.97	43
Fishmeal, anchovy	5-01-985	92	3.73	2.43	0.90	1.00	0.24	1.10	0.54	9.03	220	9.5	1.36	103
Fishmeal, herring	5-02-000	92	2.20	1.67	1.08	0.99	0.14	0.59	0.46	5.6	114	4.8	1.95	125
Fishmeal, menhaden	5-02-009	92	5.19	2.88	0.70	0.55	0.15	0.41	0.56	10.3	544	37.0	2.15	144
Fishmeal, tuna	5-02-023	93	7.86	4.21	0.72	1.01	0.23	0.74	0.68	10.31	355	8.4	4.30	211
Fishmeal, white	5-02-025	91	7.31	3.81	0.83	0.50	0.18	0.78	0.48	5.90	181	12.4	1.62	90
Gelatin	5-14-503	90	0.49	0.06	—	—	0.05	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Meat meal	5-09-323	93	8.27	4.10	0.55	1.15	0.27	1.15	0.50	9.70	441	9.5	0.40	80
Meat with bone meal	5-09-322	94	9.4	4.58	1.13	0.74	1.13	0.73	0.26	1.50	508	12.5	0.25	89
Molasses, sugarcane	4-04-696	74	0.77	0.08	2.98	2.26	0.31	0.16	0.35	59.0	196	43.7	—	16
Peanut meal, solvent extracted	5-03-650	93	0.27	0.61	1.16	0.03	0.27	0.07	0.31	15.0	142	26.7	—	20
Poultry by-product meal	5-03-798	93	3.51	1.83	0.39	0.54	0.18	0.82	0.52	14.12	442	11.0	0.78	121
Poultry feathers, hydrolyzed	5-03-795	93	0.25	0.66	0.28	0.28	0.20	0.69	1.47	6.4	74	12.5	0.82	68
Rice bran with germ, solvent extracted	4-03-930	91	0.11	1.37	1.48	0.07	0.95	0.10	0.18	13.0	187	232.2	—	30
Rice polishings	4-03-943	89	0.03	0.27	0.13	0.08	0.11	0.07	0.04	—	—	18.0	0.27	17
Safflower meal, solvent extracted	5-04-110	92	0.34	0.76	0.75	—	0.34	0.05	0.13	9.9	497	18.2	—	41
Sorghum, grain (milo)	4-04-444	89	0.03	0.28	0.31	0.08	0.13	0.04	0.08	10.0	48	15.8	0.20	17
Soybean meal, dehulled, solvent extracted	5-04-612	90	0.26	0.64	2.13	0.04	0.30	0.01	0.44	20.3	131	37.2	0.10	57
Soybean meal, solvent extracted	5-04-604	90	0.30	0.65	2.11	0.04	0.29	0.04	0.42	23.0	140	30.6	0.10	52
Sunflower meal, dehulled, solvent extracted	5-04-739	93	0.42	0.94	1.19	0.16	0.69	0.22	0.21	4.0	31	18.9	2.13	98
Wheat	4-05-268	88	0.04	0.37	0.43	0.05	0.12	0.02	0.14	5.1	35	30.4	0.29	35
Wheat bran	4-05-190	87	0.13	1.16	1.22	0.05	0.57	0.05	0.21	11.0	145	115.0	0.64	95
Wheat middlings	4-05-205	89	0.13	0.89	0.98	0.04	0.34	0.12	0.17	15.9	60	114.1	0.74	97
Yeast, brewers, dried	7-05-527	93	0.14	1.36	1.69	0.07	0.24	0.07	0.43	38.4	109	6.7	0.91	39
NOTE: Dash indicates data were not available.

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Suggested Citation: "8. Composition of Feed Ingredients." National Research Council. 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2115.

TABLE 8-4 Vitamin Composition of Ingredients Commonly Used in Fish Feeds (as-fed basis)

		Vitamins
Ingredient	International Feed Number	Biotin (mg/kg)	Choline (mg/kg)	Folacin (mg/kg)	Niacin (mg/kg)	Pantathenic Acid (mg/kg)	Pyridoxine (mg/kg)	Riboflavin (mg/kg)	Thiamin (mg/kg)	Vitamin B₁₂ (ug/kg)	Vitamin E (mg/kg)	Vitamin K (mg/kg)
Alfalfa meal, dehydrated, 17 percent protein	1-00-023	0.33	1,369	4.34	37	29.7	7.10	12.9	3.4	—	111.0	9.0
Blood meal, spray dehydrated	5-00-381	0.28	600	0.40	22	3.2	4.45	2.9	0.3	13.0	—	—
Brewers grains, dehydrated	5-02-141	0.63	1,652	7.1	44	8.2	0.68	1.5	0.6	4.0	26.7	—
Casein, dehydrated	5-01-162	0.04	208	0.47	1	2.7	0.42	1.5	0.4	—	—	—
Corn	4-02-935	0.07	504	0.30	23	5.1	4.69	1.1	3.7	—	20.9	0.22
Corn distillers grains with solubles, dehydrated	5-28-236	0.77	2,551	0.90	72	13.9	5.00	8.3	2.8	—	39.1	—
Corn distillers solubles, dehydrated	5-28-237	1.63	4,687	1.30	122	22.9	8.85	17.0	6.6	3.0	50.5	—
Corn gluten meal, 60 percent	5-28-242	0.19	352	0.30	60	3.5	6.90	2.0	0.3	—	23.4	—
Cotton seed meal, solvent extracted	5-01-619	0.97	2,764	1.4	41	13.7	7.00	3.3	6.6	0	16.0
Crab meal process residue	5-01-663	0.07	2,011	0.11	45	6.5	6.63	6.1	0.4	438.3	—	—
Fish solubles, condensed	5-01-969	0.14	3,370	0.20	176	35.7	12.14	12.9	5.5	507.0	—	—
Fishmeal, anchovy	5-01-985	0.23	4,408	0.20	100	15.0	4.64	7.1	0.1	352.0	5.0	—
Fishmeal, herring	5-02-000	0.49	5,266	0.30	85	17.3	4.77	9.7	0.4	430.0	22.1	2.2
Fishmeal, menhaden	5-02-009	0.18	3,112	0.12	55	8.6	4.66	4.8	0.6	123.0	12.0	—
Fishmeal, tuna	5-02-023	0.20	2,994	—	144	7.7	—	6.8	1.5	300.1	5.6	—
Fishmeal, white	5-02-025	0.08	3,099	0.35	59	9.9	5.92	9.1	1.7	89.5	8.9	—
Gelatin	5-14-503	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Meat meal	5-09-323	0.11	1,922	0.50	53	4.9	4.6	5.3	0.2	91.0	1.0	—
Meat with bone meal	5-09-322	0.14	2,136	0.50	51	4.4	8.74	4.5	0.2	217	1.1	—
Molasses, sugarcane	4-04-696	0.67	704	0.10	36	37.5	4.22	2.8	0.9	—	5.4	—
Peanut meal, solvent extracted	5-03-650	0.33	1,896	0.70	178	46.6	6.38	9.1	5.7	0	2.9	—
Poultry by-product meal	5-03-798	0.09	6,029	0.51	47	11.1	4.41	10.5	0.2	301.2	2.2	—
Poultry feathers, hydrolyzed	5-03-795	0.04	895	0.22	21	8.9	2.98	2.0	0.1	83.3	—	—
Rice bran with germ, solvent extracted	4-03-930	0.42	1,128	2.20	284	23.0	29.12	2.9	22.6	—	60.7	—
Rice polishings	4-03-943	0.08	878	0.2	23	3.3	—	0.4	1.4	—	14.5	—
Safflower meal, solvent extracted	5-04-110	1.43	816	0.4	11	37.3	—	2.0	—	—	0.9	—
Sorghum, grain (milo)	4-04-444	0.23	638	0.2	37	11.0	4.7	1.1	4.1	—	12.1	—
Soybean meal dehulled, solvent extracted	5-04-612	0.32	2,753	0.7	22	14.8	4.9	2.9	3.1	—	3.3	—
Soybean meal, solvent extracted	5-04-604	0.32	2,609	0.6	28	16.3	6.0	2.9	6.0	—	2.4	—
Sunflower meal, dehulled, solvent extracted	5-04-739	—	3,632	—	242	40.6	13.7	3.5	3.1	—	11.1	—
Wheat	4-05-268	0.11	1,004	0.4	53	10.1	3.0	1.3	4.5	—	11.1	—
Wheat bran	4-05-190	0.38	1,232	1.8	197	28.0	8.5	3.6	8.4	—	14.3	—
Wheat middlings	4-05-205	0.24	1,247	1.2	95	17.8	8.0	2.0	14.2	—	23.9	—
Yeast, brewers, dried	7-05-527	1.04	3,847	9.7	443	110.7	37.1	34.1	85.2	1.0	2.1	—
NOTE: Dash indicates data were not available.

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Suggested Citation: "8. Composition of Feed Ingredients." National Research Council. 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2115.

TABLE 8-5 Fatty Acid Composition of Common Animal Fats, Fish Oils, and Vegetable Oils

		Percentage of Total Fatty Acids
Lipid Source	International Feed Number	14:0	16:0	16:1	18:0	18:1	18:2 n-6	18:3 n-3	18:4 n-3	20:1	20:4 n-6	20:5 n-3	22:1	22:5 n-3	22:6 n-3	∑n-6	∑n-3	n3:n6 Ratio
Animal fat
Beef tallow	4-08-127	3.7	24.9	4.2	18.9	36.0	3.1	0.6	—	0.3	—	—	—	—	—	3.1	0.6	0.19
Pork fat	4-04-790	1.3	23.8	2.7	13.5	41.2	10.2	1.0	—	1.0	—	—	—	—	—	10.2	1.0	0.10
Poultry fat	4-09-319	0.9	21.6	5.7	6.0	37.3	19.5	1.0	1.1	0.1	—	—	—	—	—	19.6	1.0	0.05
Fish oils
Anchovy		7.4	17.4	10.5	4.0	11.6	1.2	0.8	3.0	1.6	0.1	17.0	1.2	1.6	8.8	1.3	31.2	24.0
Cod liver	7-01-994	3.2	13.5	9.8	2.7	23.7	1.4	0.6	0.9	7.4	1.6	11.2	5.1	1.7	12.6	3.0	27.0	9.0
Capelin	7-16-709	7.9	11.1	11.1	1.0	17.0	1.7	0.4	2.1	18.9	0.1	4.6	14.7	0.3	3.0	1.8	12.2	6.78
Channel catfish, cultured		1.4	17.4	2.9	6.1	49.1	10.5	1.0	0.2	1.4	0.3	0.4	—	0.3	1.3	12.7	3.2	0.25
Herring, Atlantic	7-08-048	6.4	12.7	8.8	0.9	12.7	1.1	0.6	1.7	14.1	0.3	8.4	20.8	0.8	4.9	1.4	17.8	12.71
Herring, Pacific		5.7	16.6	7.6	1.8	22.7	0.6	0.4	1.6	10.7	0.4	8.1	12.0	0.8	4.8	1.0	15.7	15.7
Menhaden	7-08-049	7.3	19.0	9.0	4.2	13.2	1.3	0.3	2.8	2.0	0.2	11.0	0.6	1.9	9.1	1.5	25.1	16.73
Redfish		4.9	13.2	13.2	2.2	13.3	0.9	0.5	1.1	17.2	0.3	8.0	18.9	0.6	8.9	1.2	19.1	15.92
Salmon, sea caught		3.7	10.2	8.7	4.7	18.6	1.2	0.6	2.1	8.4	0.9	12.0	5.5	2.9	13.8	2.1	31.4	15.00
Vegetable oil
Canola	4-06-144	—	3.1	—	1.5	60.0	20.2	12.0	—	1.3	—	—	1.0	—	—	20.2	12.0	5.94
Coconut	4-09-320	16.8	8.2	—	2.8	5.8	1.8	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.8	0.0	0.0
Corn	4-07-882	—	10.9	—	1.8	24.2	58.0	0.7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	58.0	0.7	0.01
Cottonseed	4-20-836	0.8	22.7	0.8	2.3	17.0	51.5	0.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	51.5	0.2	0.0
Linseed	4-14-502	—	5.3	—	4.1	20.2	12.7	53.3	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	12.7	53.3	4.2
Palm		1.0	43.5	0.3	4.3	36.6	9.1	0.2	—	0.1	—	—	—	—	—	9.1	0.2	0.02
Peanut	4-03-658	0.1	9.5	0.1	2.2	44.8	32.0	—	—	1.3	—	—	—	—	—	32.0	0.0	0.0
Safflower	4-20-526	0.1	6.2	0.4	2.2	11.7	74.1	0.4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	74.1	0.4	0.0
Soybean	4-07-983	0.1	10.3	0.2	3.8	22.8	51.0	6.8	—	0.2	—	—	—	—	—	51.0	6.8	0.13
Sunflower	4-20-833	—	5.9	—	4.5	19.5	65.7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	65.7	0.0	0.0
NOTE: Dash indicates that measurements were taken but no values were detected.

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Nutrient Requirements of Fish (1993)

Chapter: 8. Composition of Feed Ingredients

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Composition of Feed Ingredients

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Nutrient Requirements of Fish (1993)

Chapter: 8. Composition of Feed Ingredients

8 Composition of Feed Ingredients

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