Acknowledgments

This publication was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies in making each published publication as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for clarity, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberation process.

The committee thanks the following individuals for their review of this publication: Asha Agrawal, San Jose State University; Susan Binder, Cambridge Systematics; Evelyn Blumenberg, University of California, Los Angeles; Richard Geddes, Cornell University; David Harkey, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety; Michael Manville, University of California, Los Angeles; Jason Miller, Michigan State University; Ipek Nese Sener, Texas A&M Transportation Institute; Daniel Sperling, University of California, Davis; and Tony Tavares, California Department of Transportation.

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the critical transportation issues outlined in this publication, nor did they see the final publication before its release. The review of the publication was overseen by Susan Hanson (NAS), Clark University (Emerita), and Sue McNeil, University of Delaware. They were responsible for making sure that an independent examination of this publication was carried out in accordance with the standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Academies.

The Executive Committee of the Transportation Research Board is the authoring committee for this publication. The committee benefited from hearing the reviews of its many diverse ex officio members who were not asked to endorse the publication. They were assisted in the preparation of the text by Katherine Kortum, Senior Program Officer, and Stephen Godwin, Scholar, under the supervision of Thomas R. Menzies, Jr., Director of Consensus and Advisory Studies.

The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president.

The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.

The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.

Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.

The Transportation Research Board is one of seven major program divisions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to mobilize expertise, experience, and knowledge to anticipate and solve complex transportation-related challenges. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 8,500 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state departments of transportation, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation.

Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.

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