The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space (2025)
Chapter: Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations
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Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
H
Acronyms and Abbreviations
| AAAS | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| AAS | American Astronomical Society |
| AC | atmosphere cluster |
| ACCESS | Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services and Support |
| ACCESS | Applications of Commercial Constellations for Expanded Science and Space Weather |
| ACE | Advanced Composition Explorer |
| ACR | anomalous cosmic ray |
| ADAS | Atomic Data and Analysis Structure |
| AE-C | Atmospheric Explorer-C |
| AE-E | Atmospheric Explorer-E |
| AFOSR | Air Force Office of Scientific Research |
| AGS | NSF Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences |
| AGU | American Geophysical Union |
| AI | artificial intelligence |
| AIM | Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere |
| AIMI | Panel on Atmosphere–Ionosphere–Magnetosphere Interactions |
| ALMA | Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array |
| AMIE | Assimilative Mapping of Ionosphere Electrodynamics |
| AMISR | Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar |
| AMPERE | Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment |
| AMS | American Meteorological Society |
| ANSWERS | Advancing National Space Weather Expertise and Research toward Societal Resilience |
| AO | announcement of opportunity |
| AO | atomic oxygen |
| APEX | Astrophysics Probe Explorer |
| APL | Applied Physics Laboratory |
| AR | active region |
| ARMS | Adaptively Refined MHD Solver |
| ARTEMIS | Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of Moon’s Interaction with the Sun |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| AS | Airspace Systems |
| ASI | all-sky imager |
| AST | NSF Division of Astronomical Sciences |
| ASTRE | Atmosphere–Space Transition Region Explorer |
| ATI | Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation |
| AURIC | Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiance Integrated Code |
| AWE | Atmospheric Waves Experiment |
| AWSoM | Alfvén Wave Solar Model |
| BAPSF | Basic Plasma Science Facility |
| BARREL | Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses |
| BBSO/GST | Big Bear Solar Observatory Goode Solar Telescope |
| BDD | Burst Detect Dosimeter |
| BEA | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis |
| BMPL | Bryn Mawr Plasma Laboratory |
| BRAVO | Buoyancy Restoring-force Atmospheric-wave Vertical-propagation Observatory |
| CAIG | Collaborations in Artificial Intelligence and Geosciences |
| CAMI | Civil Aerospace Medical Institute |
| CARA | Conjunction Assessment and Risk Analysis |
| CAREER | Faculty Early Career Development Program |
| CARI | Civil Aviation Research Institute |
| CARISMA | Canadian Array for Realtime Investigations of Magnetic Activity |
| CCMC | Community Coordinated Modeling Center |
| CDM | conjunction data message |
| CDP | commercial data purchase |
| CEDAR | Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions |
| CESM | Community Earth System Model |
| CGEM | Coronal Global Evolutionary Model |
| CGMS | Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites |
| CGO | Carruthers Geocorona Observatory |
| CGS | Center for Geospace Storms |
| ChroMag | Community Synoptic Chromospheric Magnetograph |
| CIMI | Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere–Ionosphere |
| CIP | community input paper |
| CIR | corotating interaction region |
| CIRES | Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences Climate |
| CLARO | Coronal Lyman-Alpha Resonance Observatory |
| CLASP | Chromospheric Layer Spectropolarimeter-2 |
| CLD | Commercial Low Earth Orbit Development |
| CLEDB | Coronal Line Emission Database |
| CLPS | Commercial Lunar Payload Services |
| CMAM | Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model |
| CME | coronal mass ejection |
| CMEx | Chromospheric Magnetism Explorer |
| CMIP | Coupled Model Intercomparison Project |
| CMOS | complementary metal oxide semiconductor |
| C/NOFS | Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System |
| CO5BOLD | COnservative COde for the COmputation of COmpressible COnvection in a BOx of L Dimensions with l=2,3 |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| COE | [Space Weather] Centers of Excellence |
| COFFIES | Consequences of Fields and Flows in the Interior and Exterior of the Sun |
| Co-I | co-investigator |
| COMP | Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter |
| COMPASS | Comprehensive Observations of Magnetospheric Particle Acceleration, Sources, and Sinks |
| CORS | Continuously Operating Reference Station |
| COSMIC | Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate |
| COSMO | Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory |
| COSPAR | Committee on Space Research |
| CRIS | Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer |
| CRISP | CRisp Imaging Spectro-Polarimeter |
| Cryo-NIRSP | Cryogenic Near-IR Spectro-Polarimeter |
| CSA | Canadian Space Agency |
| CSM | Community Science Modeling |
| CSSWE | Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment |
| CTIPe | Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics Model |
| CUSIA | Community for the Unified Study of Interhemispheric Asymmetries |
| CWDP | Commercial Weather Data Pilot |
| CXD | Combined X-ray Dosimeter |
| DA | data assimilation |
| DASHI | Distributed Arrays of Scientific Heterogeneous Instruments |
| DASI | Distributed Arrays of Small Instruments |
| DAVINCI | Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging |
| DE-1 | Dynamics Explorer 1 |
| DEIA | diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility |
| DKIST | Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope |
| DL | downlink |
| DMSP | Defense Meteorological Satellite Program |
| DMU | drag makeup |
| DoD | Department of Defense |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| DOI | Department of the Interior |
| DOI | digital object identifier |
| DOY | day of the year |
| DRAP | D-Region Absorption Prediction |
| DRIVE | diversify, realize, integrate, venture, educate |
| DSC | DRIVE Science Center |
| DSCOVR | Deep Space Climate Observatory |
| DSN | Deep Space Network |
| DST | Dunn Solar Telescope |
| DTM | Drag Temperature Model |
| DYNAMIC | Dynamical Neutral Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling |
| ECCCO | EUV CME and Coronal Connectivity Observatory |
| ECIP | NASA Early Career Research Program |
| ECLIPSE | Ecosystem for Leading Innovation in Plasma Science and Engineering |
| EDR | electron diffusion region |
| E-Field | electric field sensor |
| EHC | Ecliptic Heliospheric Constellation |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| EIA | equatorial ionization anomaly |
| EISCAT | European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association |
| ELFIN | Electron Losses and Fields Investigation |
| EMTF | Empirical Magnetotelluric Transfer Functions |
| ENA | energetic neutral atom |
| ENLoTIS | ESA/NASA Lower Thermosphere–Ionosphere Science |
| ENSO | El Niño–Southern Oscillation |
| EO | emerging opportunity |
| EOVSA | Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array |
| EPB | equatorial plasma bubble |
| ERC | European Research Council |
| ERSA | European Radiation Sensors Array |
| ESA | European Space Agency |
| EscaPADE | Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers |
| ESDMD | Exploration System Development Mission Directorate |
| ESP | energetic storm particle |
| ESPA | external evolvable launch vehicle secondary payload adapter |
| E-Spect | electron spectrometer |
| ETR | exobase transition region |
| EUI | Extreme Ultraviolet Imager |
| EUMETSAT | European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites |
| EUV | extreme ultraviolet |
| EUVST | Extreme Ultraviolet High-throughput Spectroscopic Telescope |
| EVE | Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment |
| EZIE | Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer |
| FA | focus area |
| FAA | Federal Aviation Administration |
| FAC | field-aligned current |
| FAIR | findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable |
| FAR | False Alarm Ratio |
| FASR | Frequency-Agile Solar Radiotelescope |
| FAST | Fast Auroral Snapshot |
| FDSS | Faculty Development in geoSpace Science |
| FINESST | Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology |
| FIP | first ionization potential |
| FIREBIRD | Focused Investigations of Relativistic Electron Burst Intensity, Range, and Dynamics |
| FLARE | Facility for Laboratory Reconnection Experiments |
| FLIP | field line interhemispheric plasma |
| FST | focused science topic |
| FTE | full-time equivalent |
| FUV | far ultraviolet |
| FY | fiscal year |
| GAO | U.S. Government Accountability Office |
| GBO | ground-based observatory |
| GBT | Green Bank Telescope |
| GC | Geospace Cluster |
| GCR | galactic cosmic ray |
| GDC | Geospace Dynamics Constellation |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| GDP | gross domestic product |
| GEANT | Geometry and Tracking |
| GEC | Geospace Electrodynamics Connections Explorer |
| GEM | Geospace Environment Modeling |
| GEMINI | Geospace Environment Model of Ion-Neutral Interactions |
| GEO | geostationary orbit |
| GEO | [NSF] Directorate for Geosciences |
| GFM | Geoelectric Field Model |
| GFS | Global Forecast System |
| GGS | global geospace science |
| GIC | geomagnetically induced current |
| GLE | ground-level enhancement |
| GloTEC | Global Total Electron Content |
| GLOW | Global Airglow Model |
| GNSS | Global Navigation Satellite System |
| GOES | Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite |
| GOLD | Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk |
| GONG | Global Oscillation Network Group |
| GPS | global positioning system |
| GQ | guiding question |
| GRFP | NSF Graduate Research Fellowships Program |
| GRIS | GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph |
| GSI | gas–surface interactions |
| GSRP | Graduate Student Researchers Program |
| GTO | geosynchronous transfer orbit |
| GUVI | Global Ultraviolet Imager |
| HAARP | High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program |
| HALO | [Gateway] Habitat and Logistics Outpost |
| HAMMONIA | Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere |
| HAO | High Altitude Observatory |
| H-ARD | Heliophysics Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Ready Data |
| HARP | Heliophysics Audified: Resonances in Plasma |
| HASDM | High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model |
| HDEE | Heliophysics Data Environment Enhancement |
| HDR | Harnessing the Data Revolution |
| HDTC | Heliospheric Dynamics Transient Constellation |
| HE | hydrostatic equilibrium |
| HEC | high-end computing |
| HEEO | highly elliptical Earth orbit |
| HeLEX | Heliophysics Large Explorer |
| HEO | highly elliptical orbit |
| HEPPA | High Energy Particle Precipitation |
| HERMES | Heliophysics Environmental and Radiation Measurement Experiment Suite |
| HESTO | Heliophysics Strategic Technology Office |
| HF | high frequency |
| H-FORT | Heliophysics Flight Opportunities for Research and Technology |
| H-FOS | Heliophysics Flight Opportunity Studies |
| HGI | Heliophysics Guest Investigator |
| HGIO | Heliophysics Guest Investigator—Open |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| HISFM | Heliophysics Internal Scientist Funding Model |
| HITL | human-in-the-loop |
| H-LCAS | Heliophysics Low Cost Access to Space |
| HMI | Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager |
| HP | heliopause |
| HPAC | Heliophysics Advisory Committee |
| HPC | high-performance computing |
| HPD | [NASA] Heliophysics Division |
| HSL | HelioSystems Laboratory |
| HSO | Heliophysics Systems Observatory |
| HSR | Heliophysics Supporting Research |
| HTIDeS | Heliophysics Technology and Instrument Development for Science |
| HTM | Heliophysics Theory, Modeling, and Simulation |
| HW | Habitable World |
| HWM | Horizontal Wind Model |
| HXR | hard X-ray |
| HYPERS | Hybrid Particle Event-Resolved Simulator |
| HZETRN | High Charge (Z) and Energy Transport |
| IAA | interagency agreement |
| I-ALiRT | Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe Active Link for Real-Time |
| IBEX | Interstellar Boundary Explorer |
| IBIS | Interferometric Bidimensional Spectropolarimeter |
| IC | infrastructure cluster |
| ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organization |
| I-Circuit | Interhemispheric Circuit |
| ICME | interplanetary coronal mass ejection |
| ICON | Ionospheric Connection Explorer |
| IDS | interdisciplinary scientists |
| IGERT | Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship |
| IHA | interhemispheric asymmetries |
| ILWS | International Living With a Star |
| IMAGE | Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration |
| IMAP | Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe |
| IMF | interplanetary magnetic field |
| INMS | ion and neutral mass spectrometer |
| IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
| IPM | interplanetary medium |
| IRB | independent review board |
| IRI | International Reference Ionosphere |
| IRIS | Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph |
| IS | incoherent scatter (radar) |
| ISEP | Solar Energetic Particle Warning System |
| ISMF | interstellar magnetic field |
| ISRIM | Incoherent Scatter Radar Model |
| ISRO | Indian Space Research Organization |
| ISS | International Space Station |
| ISTPNext | Next International Solar Terrestrial Program Next-Generation |
| ISWAT | Space Weather Action Teams |
| I-T | ionosphere–thermosphere |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| ITM | ionosphere–thermosphere–mesosphere |
| IVM | Ion Velocity Meter |
| JAXA | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency |
| JHUAPL | Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory |
| JMA | Japan Meteorological Agency |
| JPSS | Joint Polar Satellite System |
| JUICE | Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer |
| JWST | James Webb Space Telescope |
| KASA | Korean Aerospace Administration |
| K-Cor | Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory K-Coronagraph |
| KDP | key decision point |
| KH | Kelvin-Helmholtz |
| KMA | Korea Meteorological Agency |
| KOMP | Korean Multi-Purpose Satellite |
| KoSO | Kodaikanal Solar Observatory |
| LAITIR | Low Altitude Ionosphere and Thermosphere In Situ Researcher |
| LANL | Los Alamos National Laboratory |
| LAPD | Large Plasma Device |
| LASCO | Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph |
| LAT | Fermi Large Area Telescope |
| LBH | Lyman-Birge-Hopfield |
| LEO | low Earth orbit |
| LEXI | Lunar Environment Heliospheric X-ray Imager |
| LIC | local interstellar cloud |
| LiDAR | light detection and ranging |
| LISM | local interstellar medium |
| LISN | Low-Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network |
| LOFAR | low-frequency array |
| LOMPE | European Local Mapping of Polar Ionospheric Electrodynamics |
| LOS | line-of-sight |
| LRG | longer-range goal |
| LTRX | Line-Tied Reconnection Experiment |
| LWS | Living With a Star |
| M2M | Moon to Mars |
| MACAWS | Multicenter Airborne Coherent Atmospheric Wind Sensor |
| MACH | Magnetic fields, Atmospheres, and Connection to Habitability |
| MAE | mean absolute error |
| MAG | magnetometer |
| MAG | Panel on the Physics of Magnetospheres |
| MAGE | Multiscale Atmosphere–Geospace Environment Model |
| MAGPIE | Mega Ampere Generator for Plasma Implosion Experiments |
| MAS | Magnetohydrodynamic Algorithm outside a Sphere |
| MAVEN | Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution |
| MCEM | Multipoint Comprehensive Eruptive Mission |
| MEM | microwave electrojet magnetogram |
| MEO | medium Earth Orbit |
| MERRA | Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| MERRA-2 | Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 |
| MESSENGER | Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging |
| MetOp | Meteorological Operational |
| MFR | magnetic flux rope |
| MHD | magnetohydrodynamic |
| M-I | magnetosphere–ionosphere |
| MICA | Magnetosphere–Ionosphere Coupling in the Alfvén Resonator |
| MIDEX | Medium-Class Explorer |
| MIGHTI | Michelson Interferometer for Global High-Resolution Thermospheric Imaging |
| MIMO | multiple-in–multiple-out |
| MinXSS | Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer |
| MIO | Magnetosphere–Ionosphere Observatory |
| M-I-T | magnetosphere–ionosphere–thermosphere |
| ML | machine learning |
| MLSO | Mauna Loa Solar Observatory |
| MLT | magnetic local time |
| MLT | mesosphere and lower thermosphere |
| MMS | Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission |
| MO | Mission of Opportunity |
| MOA | memorandum of agreement |
| MOU | memorandum of understanding |
| MPS | NSF Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences |
| MREFC | Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction |
| MRI | Major Research Infrastructure |
| MRX | Magnetic Reconnection Experiment |
| MSIS | Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Radar |
| MSL | Mars Science Laboratory |
| MSRI | Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure |
| MT | magnetotelluric |
| MURaM | Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research/University of Chicago Radiative MHD |
| MUSE | Multi-Slit Solar Explorer |
| MWA | Murchison Widefield Array |
| NAS | NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NAVGEM-HA | Navy Global Environmental Model-High Altitude |
| NAVy | Global Environmental Model NAVGEM |
| NCAR | National Center for Atmospheric Research |
| NEON | Near Earth Orbit Network |
| NERC | Natural Environmental Research Council |
| NESDIS | National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service |
| NetCDF | Network Common Data Form |
| ngGONG | Next Generation Global Oscillations Network Group |
| NIF | National Ignition Facility |
| NIRAC | near-infrared airglow camera |
| NMDB | Neutron Monitor DataBase |
| NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| NOx | nitrogen oxides |
| NRAO | National Radio Astronomy Observatory |
| NRCan | Natural Resources Canada |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| NRL | Naval Research Laboratory |
| NRLMSIS | Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Radar |
| NRT | near real time |
| NSB | National Science Board |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| NSN | Near Space Network |
| NSO | National Solar Observatory |
| NSPIRES | NASA Solicitation and Proposal Integrated Review and Evaluation System |
| NSPO | [Taiwan] National Space Organization |
| NSS | National Security Space |
| NuSTAR | Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array |
| NWS | National Weather Service |
| O2R | operations-to-research |
| OASIS | Operations and Science Instrument Support |
| ONR | Office of Naval Research |
| OpenGGCM | Open Geospace General Circulation Model |
| OPP | NSF Office of Polar Programs |
| OSE | observing system experiment |
| OSS | open source science |
| OSSE | observing system simulation experiment |
| OTHR | Over-the-Horizon Radar |
| OVATION | Oval Variation, Assessment, Tracking, Intensity, and Online |
| OVRO-LWA | Owens Valley Radion Observatory’s Long Wavelength Array |
| PCI | Polar Cap Indices |
| PFISR | Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar |
| PFSS | potential field source surface |
| PHASMA | phase space mapping |
| PHY | NSF Division of Physics |
| PI | principal investigator |
| PIC | particle-in-cell |
| PIXIE | Polar Ionospheric X-ray Imaging Experiment |
| PNA | prefer not to answer |
| PNT | Positioning, Navigation, and Timing |
| POD | Precise Orbit Determination |
| POES | Polar Operational Environmental Satellites |
| POS | plane of the sky |
| PPPL | Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory |
| PROBA | Project for Onboard Autonomy |
| PROBA2 | Project for Onboard Autonomy 2 |
| PROSWIFT | Promoting Research and Observations of Space Weather to Improve the Forecasting of Tomorrow Act |
| PSG | priority science goal |
| PSP | Parker Solar Probe |
| PUI | pickup ion |
| PUNCH | Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere |
| QPP | quasi-periodic pulsation |
| R&A | research and analysis |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| R2O | research to operations |
| R2O2R | research to operations to research |
| RAAN | right ascension of the ascending node |
| RAD | Radiation Assessment Detector |
| RADYN | Radiation Hydrodynamics Code |
| RAMENS | Radiative Magnetohydrodynamic Extensive Numerical Solver |
| REFM | Relativistic Electron Forecast Model |
| REU | Research Experiences for Undergraduates |
| RF | radio frequency |
| RFB | Radio Frequency Beacon |
| RHESSI | Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager |
| RISR | Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar |
| RISR-C | Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar—Canada |
| RISR-N | Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar—North |
| RL | readiness level |
| ROSES | Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science |
| RSTN | Radio Solar Telescope Network |
| SAA | South Atlantic Anomaly |
| SABER | Sounding of the Atmosphere Using Broadband Emission Radiometry |
| SAGA | Scintillation Auroral Global Positioning System Array |
| SAID | subauroral ion drift |
| SAMPEX | Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer |
| SAPS | subauroral polarization stream |
| SAR | stable auroral red |
| SCaN | Space Communication and Navigation Program |
| SCATHA | Spacecraft Charging At High Altitudes |
| SCIFER | Sounding of the Cleft Ion Fountain Energization Region |
| SDAC | Solar Data Analysis Center |
| SDO | Solar Dynamics Observatory |
| SEAESRT | Spacecraft Environmental Anomalies Expert System—Real Time |
| SED | storm-enhanced density |
| SEE | Solar EUV Experiment |
| SEON | Solar Electro-Optical Network |
| SEP | solar energetic particle |
| SGPS | Solar and Galactic Proton Sensor |
| SHIELD | Solar wind with Hydrogen Ion charge Exchange and Large-Scale Dynamics |
| SHINE | Solar, Heliospheric, and Interplanetary Environment |
| SHP | Panel on the Physics of the Sun and Heliosphere |
| SIGMA | Satellite-beacon Ionospheric-scintillation Global Model of the upper Atmosphere |
| SIR | stream interaction region |
| SLAMS | Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Structures |
| SLS | space launch system |
| SMD | Science Mission Directorate |
| SMEX | Small Explorer |
| SMILE | Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer |
| SML | SuperMAG Lower Index |
| SOARS | [NSF] Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research and Science |
| SOHO | Solar and Heliospheric Observatory |
| SOL | Space weather Observations at L1 |
| SOLIS | Synoptic Optical Long-Term Investigations of the Sun |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| SoloHI | Solar Orbiter Heliospheric Imager |
| SOMD | Space Operations Mission Directorate |
| SoP | state of the profession |
| SORTIE | Scintillation Observations and Response of the Ionosphere to Electrodynamics |
| SOSS | Supplements for Open-Source Science |
| SOT | Solar Optical Telescope |
| SOURCE | Synchronized Observations of Upflow, Redistribution, Circulation, and Energization |
| SPA | Space Physics and Aeronomy Section of the American Geophysical Union |
| SPD | Solar Physics Division of the American Astronomical Society |
| SPD-3 | Policy Directive 3 |
| SPDF | Space Physics Data Facility |
| SPO | Solar Polar Orbiter |
| SPORT | Scintillation Prediction Observations Research Task |
| SPRING | Solar Physics Research Integrated Network Group |
| SPS | Spectral Plasma Solver |
| SPSC | Space Physics Simulation Chamber |
| SRAG | Space Radiation Analysis Group |
| SRS-3 | Solar Radiation Scale-3 |
| SSA | space situational awareness |
| SSA | strategic science area |
| SST | Swedish Solar Tower |
| SSW | sudden stratospheric warming |
| SSX | Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment |
| STC | science and technology center |
| STEAM | science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics |
| STEM | science, technology, engineering, and mathematics |
| STEMM | science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine |
| STEREO | Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory |
| STEVE | strong thermal emission velocity enhancement |
| STIX | Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays |
| STMD | Space Technology Mission Directorate |
| STP | Solar Terrestrial Probe |
| SunRISE | Sun Radio Interferometer Space Experiment |
| SuperDARN | Super Dual Auroral Radar Network |
| SUVI | Solar Ultraviolet Imager |
| SWAG | Space Weather Advisory Group |
| SWaP | size, weight, and power |
| SWAP | Sun Watcher with Active Pixels and Image Processing |
| SWARM-EX | Space Weather Atmospheric Reconfigurable Multiscale Experiment |
| SWFO-L1 | Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1 |
| SWMF | [University of Michigan] Space Weather Modeling Framework |
| SWMI | Panel on Solar Wind–Magnetosphere Interactions |
| SWO | [NOAA] Office of Space Weather Observations |
| SWORM | Space Operations, Research, and Mitigation |
| SWP | [NASA] Space Weather Program |
| SWPC | [NOAA] Space Weather Prediction Center |
| SWPT | Space Weather Prediction Testbed |
| SWQU | Space Weather with Quantified Uncertainties |
| SWSA | Panel on Space Weather Science and Applications |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| SWSAP | National Space Weather Strategy and Action Plan |
| SWUG | Space Weather Underground |
| SXR | soft X-ray |
| T&M | theory and modeling |
| TAD | traveling atmospheric disturbance |
| TDO | technology demonstration option |
| TDRSS | Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System |
| TEC | total electron content |
| TESS | Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite |
| TGRS | Tri-GNSS Radio-occultation System |
| THEMIS | Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms |
| TID | traveling ionospheric disturbance |
| TIE-GCM | Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Electrodynamics General Circulation Model |
| TIMED | Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics |
| TLS | terahertz limb sounder |
| TOPS | Transform to Open Science Program |
| TR | transition region |
| TR&T | targeted research and technology |
| TRACE | technical, risk, and cost evaluation |
| TRACERS | Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites |
| TraCSS | Traffic Coordination System for Space |
| TREX | Terrestrial Reconnection Experiment |
| TRICE-2 | Twin Rocket Investigation of Cusp Electrodynamics 2 |
| TRL | technology readiness level |
| TS | termination shock |
| TWINS | Two Wide-Angle Imaging Neutral-Atom Spectrometers |
| UCAR | University Corporation for Atmospheric Research |
| UCoMP | Upgraded Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter |
| UFKW | ultra-fast Kelvin wave |
| ULF | ultra-low frequency |
| UNOOSA | UN Office for Outer Space Affairs |
| URM | underrepresented minority |
| USAP | U.S. Antarctic Program |
| USGS | U.S. Geological Survey |
| USSF | U.S. Space Force |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| UVI | Ultraviolet Imager Instrument |
| VADR | Venture Class Acquisition of Dedicated and Rideshare |
| VCLS | Venture Class Launch Service |
| VERB | Versatile Electron Radiation Belt |
| VERITAS | Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy |
| VIIRS | Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite |
| VISIONS | Visualizing Ion Outflow via Neutral Atom Sensing |
| ViSP | Visible Spectro-Polarimeter |
| VLA | Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array |
| VLF | very low frequency |
| VLISM | very local interstellar medium |
| VSO | Virtual Solar Observatory |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
| WACCM-X | Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model—eXtended |
| WAM-IPE | Whole Atmosphere Model—Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics |
| WAVE | Wave-Induced Atmospheric Variability Enterprise |
| WDC-SILSO | World Data Center—Sunspot Index and Long-Term Solar |
| WHPI | Whole Heliosphere and Planetary Interactions |
| WINCS | Winds–Ion–Neutral–Composition Suite |
| WISPR | Wide-Field Imager for Parker Solar Probe |
| WMO | World Meteorological Organization |
| WPI | wave–particle interaction |
| WSA | Wang-Sheeley-Arge |
| XRP | Exoplanets Research Program |
| YIP | Young Investigator Program |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix H: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27938.
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