Foundation models are AI systems trained on vast amounts of data — often trillions of individual data points — and they are capable of learning new ways of modeling information and performing a range of tasks. A new National Academies report examines how the U.S. Department of Energy could use these models to potentially transform scientific discovery and innovation.

The Chemistry in 2050–Space webinar brought together leading scientists to discuss how chemistry is essential for understanding the universe, from the origins of life on other planets to the adaptation of biology in extreme space environments. Panelists highlighted the need for more laboratory-based astrochemistry, addressed challenges in detecting biosignatures like phosphine, and emphasized the importance of innovative research and flexible mission approaches to advance space bioscience.