Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests (1989)

Chapter: Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline

Previous Chapter: Indigenous and Cultivated Plants as Bioindicators
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 205
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 206
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 207
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 208
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 209
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 210
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 211
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 212
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 213
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 214
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 215
Suggested Citation: "Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline." National Research Council. 1989. Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1414.
Page 216
Next Chapter: Fungal and Bacteria Symbioses as Potential Biological Markers of Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on Forest Health
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