First Name
Last Name
Email (required)
I agree to receive emails from the National Academies (required)

We respect your privacy and will never share your information.

Search this publication

Front Matter i-xiv
Executive Summary 1-4
Introduction 5-5
Using Markers in Combination 6-6
The Workshop 7-10
Establishing Cause-and-Effect Relationships 11-14
Using Markers in Surveys and Experimental Studies 15-16
A Strategy for Using Biologic Markers of Stress in Forests 17-21
Conclusions and Recommendations 22-24
References 25-26
Part II: The Workshop Papers: Introductory Session 27-28
Air-Pollutant Distribution and Trends 29-46
Elevational Gradients/Local Chemistry 47-56
Large-Scale Monitoring 57-62
Use of Biomarkers to Monitor Forest Damage in Europe 63-72
Bioindicators in Air Pollution Research - Applications and Constraints 73-80
New and Emerging Technologies 81-88
Forest Applications of Biologic Markers: Regional Session 89-90
Decline of Red Spruce in the Northern Appalachians: Determining if Air Pollution is an Important Factor 91-104
Forest Applications of Biomarkers in Southeastern Forests 105-110
Biomarkers for Defining Air Pollution Effecs in Western Coniferous 111-118
Symptoms as Bioindicators of Decline in European Forests 119-124
Tree-Stand/Ecosystem Session 125-126
Resource Allocation in Trees and Ecosystems 127-132
Markers of Air Pollution in Forests: Nutrient Cycling 133-142
Human Perturbation of C, N, and S Biogeochemical Cycles: Historical Studies with Stable Isotopes 143-156
Tree-Ring Analysis as an Aid to Evaluating the Effects of Air Pollution on Tree Growth 157-168
Evaluation of Root-Growth and Functioning of Trees Exposed to Air Pollutants 169-182
The Use of Remote Sensing for the Study of Air Pollution Effects in Forrests 183-194
Indigenous and Cultivated Plants as Bioindicators 195-204
Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline 205-216
Fungal and Bacteria Symbioses as Potential Biological Markers of Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on Forest Health 217-232
Microbial and Rhizosphere Markers of Air Pollution Induced Stress 233-244
Biochemical/Cell-Tissue Session 245-246
Foliar Nitrate Reductase: a Marker for Assimilation of Atmospheric Nitrogen Oxides 247-250
Free-Radical Mediated Processes as Markers of Air Pollution Stress in Trees 251-260
Biochemical Indicators of Air Pollution Effects in Trees: Unambiguous Signals Based on Secondary Metabolites and Nitrogen in Fast-Growing Species 261-274
Metals in Roots, Stem, and Foliage of Forest Trees 275-280
The Potential of Trees to Record Aluminum Mobilization and Changes in Alkaline Earth Availability 281-292
Carbon Allocation Processes as Indicators of Pollutant Impacts on Forests Trees 293-302
Photosynthesis and Transpiration Measurements as Biomarkers of Air Pollution Effects on Forests 303-316
Nutrient-Use Efficiency as an Indicator of Stress Effects on Forest Trees 317-332
Leaf Cuticles as Potential Markers of Air Pollution 333-340
Air Pollutant-Low Temperature Interactions in Trees 341-346
Alteration of Chlorophyll in Plants Upon Air Pollutant Exposure 347-356
Co-occurring Stress: Drought 357-363

Log In

Former MyNAP users: You'll need to reset your password on your first login to MyAcademies. Click "Forgot password" below to receive a reset link via email. Having trouble? Visit our FAQ page to contact support.

Members of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, or National Academy of Medicine should log in through their respective Academy portals.

Email (required)
Password (required)

Don't have an account?

Register

Email (required)
New password (required)
Retype password (required) Password must be at least 8 characters
I agree to receive emails from the National Academies
I accept the terms of use
terms of use

Download as a Guest

While logged on as a guest, you can download any of our free PDFs on nationalacademies.org . You will remain logged in until you close your browser.

Email (required)
Yes, send me emails when similar titles are published
Yes, I accept the terms of use
terms of use

Thank You

Thank you for creating a MyAcademies account!

Enjoy free access to thousands of National Academies' publications, a 10% discount off every purchase, and build your personal library.

Forgot Password

Enter the email address for your MyAcademies (formerly MyNAP) account to receive password reset instructions.

Email (required)

Reset Requested

We sent password reset instructions to your email . Follow the link in that email to create a new password. Didn't receive it? Check your spam folder or contact us for assistance.

Reset Password

New password (required)
Retype password (required) Password must be at least 8 characters

Reset Password

Your password has been reset.

Verify email

Verify Your Email Address

We sent a verification link to your email. Please check your inbox (and spam folder) and follow the link to verify your email address. If you did not receive the email, you can request a new verification link below

Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests (1989)

Chapter: Foliar Nitrate Reductase: a Marker for Assimilation of Atmospheric Nitrogen Oxides

My Academies

Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests (1989)

Chapter: Foliar Nitrate Reductase: a Marker for Assimilation of Atmospheric Nitrogen Oxides