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Potential Hydrodynamic Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy on Nantucket Shoals Regional Ecology: An Evaluation from Wind to Whales (2024)

Chapter: Appendix E: Marine Birds that May Occur within the Nantucket Shoals Region

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Previous Chapter: Appendix D: Marine Mammals that May Occur within the Nantucket Shoals Region

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix E: Marine Birds that May Occur within the Nantucket Shoals Region." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Potential Hydrodynamic Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy on Nantucket Shoals Regional Ecology: An Evaluation from Wind to Whales. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27154.

Appendix E

Marine Birds that May Occur within the Nantucket Shoals Region

TABLE E.1 Marine birds that may occur within the Nantucket Shoals region (Epsilon, 2020)

Species	Scientific Name	Regional Presence	Distribution	Feeding Habitat	Diet
Loons & Grebes
Common loon	Gavia immer	Winter	Pelagic	Mid-water	Fish, inverts
Red-throated loon	Gavia stellata	Winter	Inshore	Mid-water	Fish, inverts
Horned grebe	Podiceps auritus	Winter	Coastal	Surf-mid	Fish, inverts
Red-necked grebe	Podiceps grisegena	Winter	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Seaducks
King eider	Somateria spectabilis	Winter	Coastal	Benthos	Inverts
Common eider	Somateria mollissima	Year-round	Coastal	Benthos	Inverts
Surf scoter	Melanitta perspicillata	Winter	Coastal	Benthos	Inverts
White-winged scoter	Melanitta fusca	Winter	Coastal	Benthos	Inverts
Black scoter	Melanitta nigra	Winter	Coastal	Benthos	Inverts
Long-tailed duck	Clangula hyemalis	Winter	Coastal	Benth-mid	Inverts

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Species	Scientific Name	Regional Presence	Distribution	Feeding Habitat	Diet
Shearwaters, Petrels, & Storm-Petrels
Northern fulmar	Fulmarus glacialis	Winter	Pelagic	Surface	Fish, squid
Cory’s shearwater	Calonectris diomedea	Summer	Pelagic	Surface	Fish, inverts
Great shearwater	Puffinus gravis	Summer	Pelagic	Surface	Fish, inverts
Sooty shearwater	Puffinus griseus	Summer	Pelagic	Surface	Fish, inverts
Manx shearwater	Puffinus	Summer	Pelagic	Surface	Fish, inverts
Audubon’s shearwater	Puffinus lherminier	Summer	Pelagic	Surface	Fish, inverts
Wilson’s storm-petrel	Oceanites oceanicus	Summer	Pelagic	Surface	Plankton
Leach’s storm-petrel	Oceanodroma leucorhoa	Summer	Pelagic	Surface	Plankton
Gannets & Cormorants
Northern gannet	Morus bassanus	Winter	Coast-pelagic	Mid-water	Fish
Double-crested cormorant	Phalacrocorax auritus	Year-round	Coast-inland	Mid-water	Fish
Great cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo	Year-round	Coast-inland	Benthos	Fish
Gulls & Jaegers
Black-legged kittiwake	Rissa tridactyla	Winter	Pelagic	Surface	Fish, inverts
Bonaparte’s gull	Larus philadelphia	Winter	Pelagic	Surface	Fish, inverts
Black-headed gull	Chroicocephalus ridibundus	Rare	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Little gull	Hydrocoloeus minutus	Rare	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Laughing gull	Larus atricilla	Summer	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Ring-billed gull	Larus delawarensis	Year-round	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Herring gull	Larus argentatus	Year-round	Coastal	Opportunistic
Icelandic gull	Larus glaucoides	Winter	Coastal	Opportunistic
Lesser black-backed gull	Larus fuscus	Rare	Coastal	Opportunistic

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Species	Scientific Name	Regional Presence	Distribution	Feeding Habitat	Diet
Glaucous gull	Larus hyperboreaus	Winter	Coastal	Opportunistic
Great black-backed gull	Larus marinus	Year-round	Coastal	Opportunistic
Pomarine jaeger	Stercorarius pomarinus	Passage	Pelagic	Surface	Fish, inverts
Parasitic jaeger	Stercorarius parasiticus	Passage	Pelagic	Surface	Fish, inverts
Long-tailed jaeger	Stercorarius longicaudus	Passage	Pelagic	Surface	Fish, inverts
Least tern	Sternula antillarum	Summer	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Caspian tern	Sterna caspia	Summer	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Black tern	Chlidonias niger	Passage	Coastal	Surface	Inverts, fish
Roseate tern	Sterna dougalli	Summer	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Common tern	Sterna hirundo	Summer	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Arctic tern	Sterna paradisae	Passage	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Forster’s tern	Sterna forsteri	Summer	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Royal tern	Sterna maxima	Summer	Coastal	Surface	Fish, inverts
Auks
Dovekie	Alle alle	Winter	Pelagic	Mid-water	Plankton
Common murre	Uria aalge	Winter	Pelagic	Mid-water	Fish, inverts
Thick-billed murre	Uria lomvia	Winter	Pelagic	Mid-water	Fish, inverts
Razorbill	Alca torda	Winter	Pelagic	Mid-water	Fish, inverts
Black guillemot	Cepphus grylle	Year-round	Coastal	Benth-mid	Fish, inverts
Atlantic puffin	Fratercula artica	Winter	Pelagic	Mid-water	Fish
Shorebirds
Red-necked phalarope	Phalaropus lobatus	Passage	Pelagic	Surface	Plankton
Red phalarope	Phalaropus fulicarius	Passage	Pelagic	Surface	Plankton