2. Does your state DOT own traffic signals?
   • Yes
   • No

   2a. Follow-up (if the answer to Q2 is “Yes”): If your state DOT owns traffic signals, which of the following is your state DOT responsible for? (Select all that apply)

   • Operates signals directly (e.g., manages signal timing, coordination)
   • Delegates signal operation to other agencies/entities (e.g., local governments, counties, private contractors)
   • Maintains signals (e.g., repairs, infrastructure upgrades)
   • Delegates signal maintenance to other agencies/entities (e.g., local governments, private contractors)
   • Other (please specify)

   2b. Follow-up (if the answer to Q2 is “No”): Does your state DOT have any of the following responsibilities? (Select all that apply)

   • Operates signals (e.g., manages signal timing, coordination)
   • Maintains signals (e.g., repairs, upgrades)
   • None of the above
   • Other (please specify)
3. If your state DOT delegates traffic signal operation or maintenance, which agencies or entities are responsible for these activities? (Select all that apply)
   • Local municipalities/cities
   • County-level agencies
   • Private contractors
   • Other (Please specify)
   • Not applicable
4. What type of ATSPM system is in use at your state DOT?
   • Traditional ATSPMs (infrastructure-based, detection-based)
   • Crowdsourced ATSPMs (probe-based, connected vehicle, or other moving-detector data)
   • Both traditional and crowdsource-based systems
   • Not sure
   • None
5. Follow-up (if the answer to Q4 is “Traditional ATSPMs” or “both traditional and crowdsource-based systems”). Which scenario best describes the current state of traditional ATSPMs deployment at your DOT?

1. • 51–200
   • 201–500
   • 501–1,000
   • 1,001 or more
   • Not sure

   10a. Follow-up (if the answer to Q4 is “Crowdsource-based ATSPMs or both traditional and crowdsource-based systems”): How many traffic signals are currently equipped with crowdsource-based ATSPMs in your state DOT?

   • None
   • 50 or less
   • 51–200
   • 201–500
   • 501–1,000
   • 1,001 or more
   • Not sure

11. How many traffic signals are currently owned and operated by your state DOT? (Please provide your best estimate)
    • Owned: ______
    • Operated: ______
12. How many traffic signals are currently in your state DOT right-of-way? (Please provide your best estimate).

13. Please select the statement that most closely reflects your DOTʼs planning process for the implementation of ATSPM technology.
    • We conduct a needs assessment to identify areas where ATSPMs would be most beneficial
    • We evaluate the feasibility and benefits of ATSPMs through pilot projects
    • We rely on recommendations from external experts or consultants to guide our planning
    • We do not currently have a formal planning process for ATSPM implementation
    • Other (please specify)
14. What funding sources did your state DOT use for your DOTʼs first ATSPM deployment? (Select all that apply)
    • Federal funds
    • State funds
    • Local government funds
    • Private investment
    • Non-recurring end-of-year/budget surplus funds
    • Other (Please specify)
15. What is your DOTʼs primary strategy for securing funding for future ATSPM initiatives? (Select all that apply)
    • Dedicated budget allocation for technology upgrades
    • Grant-based funding (e.g., competitive or earmarked grants)
    • Combination of local, state, and federal funds
    • Other (Please specify)
16. For implemented ATSPMs, has your DOT conducted a return on investment (ROI) analysis?
    • Yes
    • No, but planning to conduct
    • No

16a. Optional follow-up (if the answer to Q16 is “Yes”): Please select the approach that your DOT uses to estimate ROI:

1. • FHWA methodology
   • In-house methodology
   • Other (Please specify)

17. Which of the following statements most closely describes your DOTʼs capability to support ongoing ATSPM operation and management with existing staff resources (traffic signal staff and IT support)?
    • Fully equipped to support traditional ATSPMs
    • Fully equipped to support crowdsource-based ATSPMs
    • Somewhat equipped to support traditional ATSPMs
    • Somewhat equipped to support crowdsource-based ATSPMs
    • Limited capability to support traditional ATSPMs
    • Limited capability to support crowdsource-based ATSPMs
    • Not applicable
    • Other (please specify)

    17a. Optional follow-up (if the answer to Q17 is “Limited capability”): What are the specific challenges you face in terms of staff resources for ATSPM management? (open-ended)

18. How many full-time equivalent (FTE) staff are dedicated to the operation, maintenance, and management of traffic signal systems?
    • Less than 1 (e.g., one person works on a periodic basis)
    • 1
    • 2–5
    • 6–10
    • 10+
    • None dedicated specifically to traffic signal systems
    • Other (Please specify)
19. How many full-time equivalent (FTE) staff are dedicated to the operation, maintenance, and management of ATSPM systems?
    • Less than 1 (e.g., one person works on a periodic basis)
    • 1
    • 2–5
    • 6–10
    • 10+
    • None dedicated specifically to ATSPMs
    • Other (Please specify)

    19a. Follow-up (if the answer to Q19 is different from “None dedicated specifically to ATSPMs”): Has the implementation of ATSPMs led your DOT to adjust staffing levels or the amount of effort spent on operating and maintaining signals?

    • Yes
    • No
    • Other (please specify)
20. Has your DOT provided formal, structured training programs for staff on ATSPM operation?
    • Yes, extensive training programs for both traditional ATSPMs and crowdsource-based ATSPMs
    • Yes, training for traditional ATSPMs only

1. • Yes, training for crowdsource-based ATSPMs only
   • No formal training provided
   • Not applicable (Please specify)

21. How would you describe your DOTʼs ability to integrate ATSPMs into day-to-day operations?
    • Strong integration, with established procedures for adopting new technology
    • Moderate integration with some challenges
    • Limited integration with noticeable challenges
    • No integration at this time
    • Not applicable (Please specify)

22. Which of the following traffic signal management activities does your DOT support by using either traditional ATSPMs or crowdsource-based ATSPMs? (Select all that apply)
    • Active traffic signal performance monitoring
    • Active traffic signal infrastructure health monitoring
    • Signal timing adjustments (i.e., fine-tuning splits and offsets)
    • Signal timing optimization (e.g., developing new signal timing plans, adjusting cycle lengths)
    • Evaluation of intersection operations (e.g., post-construction, corridor studies, signal retiming projects)
    • Signal timing schedule adjustments (e.g., redefining beginning/end of time-of-day plans, number of time-of-day plans)
    • Handling public service calls
    • Safety performance analysis
    • Multimodal operations analysis
    • Other (Please specify)
23. How frequently does your DOT review traditional ATSPMs for (potential) signal timing adjustments?
    • Daily
    • Weekly
    • Monthly
    • Yearly
    • Ad hoc/as needed
    • Never
    • Other (Please explain)

    23a. Follow-up (if the answer to Q4 is “Crowdsource-based ATSPMs or both traditional and crowdsource-based systems”): How frequently does your DOT review crowdsource-based ATSPMs data for (potential) signal timing adjustments?

    • Daily
    • Weekly
    • Monthly
    • Yearly
    • Ad hoc/as needed
    • Never
    • Other (Please explain)

24. How often does your DOT monitor and respond to ATSPM alerts related to infrastructure health (e.g., detector malfunctions, communication issues, etc.)?
    • Daily
    • Multiple times per week
    • Once a week
    • Multiple times per month
    • Once a month
    • We do not actively monitor ATSPM alerts
    • Not applicable (Please specify)
25. What best describes your DOTʼs signal maintenance practices using ATSPMs?
    • Routine (scheduled): Maintenance performed by checking ATSPM reports on a fixed, predetermined schedule (e.g., monthly, quarterly)
    • Reactive (as issues arise): Maintenance is performed only when issues are identified through ATSPM data (such as watchdog alerts) or when an issue is identified outside of ATSPMs (e.g., citizen calls), but ATSPMs are used to confirm the issue
    • Predictive (beyond routine scheduled reviews): Maintenance based on ATSPM analytics or performance data to predict and address issues before they cause failure
    • Hybrid: A mix of routine, reactive, and/or predictive maintenance practices, informed by ATSPM data
    • Other (Please specify)
26. What ATSPMs reports are regularly used by your DOT? (Select all that apply)
    • Purdue Phase Termination
    • Split Monitor
    • Pedestrian Delay
    • Preemption Details
    • Timing and Actuation
    • Purdue Split Failure
    • Yellow and Red Actuations
    • Turning Movement Counts
    • Approach Volume
    • Approach Delay
    • Arrivals on Red
    • Purdue Coordination Diagram
    • Approach Speed
    • Left-Turn Gap Analysis
    • Wait Time
    • Time Space Diagram
    • Other (Please specify)
27. How does your DOT use traditional ATSPMs data to monitor signal performance at different spatial levels? (Select all that apply)
    • Intersection level
    • Corridor level
    • Network level
    • Other (please specify)

    27a. Follow-up (if the answer to Q4 is “Crowdsource-based ATSPMs or both traditional and crowdsource-based systems”): How does your DOT use crowdsource-based ATSPMs data to monitor signal performance at different spatial levels? (Select all that apply)

    • Intersection level
    • Corridor level
    • Network level
    • Other (Please specify)

28. How does your DOT aggregate and report traffic signal performance measures using ATSPM data beyond the intersection level (i.e., at the corridor or network level)?
    • Automated reporting provided by ATSPM platforms (e.g., summary reports generated within the ATSPM platform for corridors or networks)
    • Automated reporting developed in-house using ATSPM report results
    • Manual reporting (e.g., manually combining intersection-level reports to evaluate corridor or network performance)
    • No aggregation or reporting beyond the intersection level
    • Other (Please specify)
29. What challenges has your DOT encountered in transitioning from traditional (reactive) traffic signal timing to more proactive management using ATSPMs? (Select all that apply)
    • Challenges during the adoption of new technologies
    • Time required for complete configuration
    • Limited staff resources
    • Integration with existing signal systems and technologies
    • Data collection and quality issues
    • High up-front costs and ongoing maintenance
    • Other (Please specify)
30. How does your DOT use ATSPMs for planning purposes? (Select all that apply)
    • Assessing infrastructure and resource allocation to prioritize signal upgrades or new infrastructure projects
    • Supporting future planning by forecasting traffic volumes/trends
    • Enhancing multimodal planning by incorporating data on pedestrian and bicycle traffic
    • Supporting policy and regulatory decisions by providing evidence-based data to justify new projects or funding
    • Collaborating with other agencies for regional traffic management
    • Our DOT does not use ATSPMs for planning purposes yet
    • Other (please specify)

31. What type of data storage is used by your DOTʼs ATSPM systems?
    • In-house
    • Cloud-based
    • Both
    • Other (Please specify)
32. What data-retention policy does your DOT follow?
    • We store data indefinitely
    • We store data up to several years but not indefinitely
    • We store data for up to three years
    • We store data for up to two years
    • We store data for up to one year
    • We donʼt have a data-retention policy
    • Other (Please specify)

    32a. Follow-up (if the answer to Q32 is different than “We donʼt have a data-retention policy”): What is the basis for your DOTʼs data-retention policy? (Select all that apply)

    • Best practices
    • State regulations
    • Data storage capabilities or limitations
    • Other (Please specify)

33. What security challenges has your DOT encountered with ATSPM systems? (Select all that apply)
    • Data privacy concerns
    • Cybersecurity vulnerabilities (e.g., hacking risks)
    • Integrating systems with existing infrastructure
    • None
    • Other (Please specify)
34. What type of detection technology is used for traditional ATSPM operations? (Select all that apply)
    • Inductive loop detectors
    • Video cameras
    • Lidar
    • Radar
    • Not applicable
    • Other (please specify)
35. What type of communication media technology is used for traditional ATSPM operations? (Select all that apply)
    • Fiber-optic cables
    • Twisted pair cables
    • Coaxial cables
    • Wireless radio communication
    • Wireless cellular networks (3G, 4G, 5G)
    • Wi-Fi networks
    • Not applicable
    • Other (please specify)

36. Please share any additional comments or insights regarding your DOTʼs experience with ATSPM technologies.
37. The synthesis study will also include case examples demonstrating agency practices for ATSPMs. The development of the case examples will require an additional follow-up interview. Agencies participating in the case examples will be provided with an opportunity to review the case example write-up. The estimated time commitment for your agency for the case example is 1–1.5 hours for the virtual follow-up interview and 1 hour to review the write-up. Would your agency be interested in participating in a case example?
    • Yes
    • No