

The table comprises eight columns from left to right titled Strategy, Sub-Strategy, Applications, Location, Cost, Ease of Implementation, Common Strategy, and Effectiveness. The entries of the first row from left to right are S1. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED); S1.1. Increased Visibility; Bus stop shelter design, vegetation design, large bus/train windows, translucent walls, maintaining clear sight lines; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $-$$$; Moderate; Common; and High. The entries of the second row from left to right are S1. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED); S1.2. Sufficient Lighting; Visibility, evenness, color quality, and psychological reassurance; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $-$$; Moderate; Common; and High. The entries of the third row from left to right are S1. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED); S1.3. Routine and Regular Maintenance; Landscape, cleaning; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $-$$; Easy-moderate; Common; and Moderate. The entries of the fourth row from left to right are S1. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED); S1.4. Controlled Access; Card entry system, fare gate, fencing and walls, safety partitions; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $-$$; Moderate; Not Common; and High.

The entries of the fifth row from left to right are S2. Education, Outreach, and Awareness; S2.1 Awareness Campaigns; Programs to increase awareness of transit crime/violence, campaigns to encourage, or incentivize, to report suspicious behavior and packages, campaign to encourage or incentivize the reporting of assaults, public outreach campaigns to discourage inappropriate behavior, posters with reminders/safety tips, digital displays/monitors; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $-$$; Easy-moderate; Not common; and Moderate-high. The entries of the sixth row from left to right are S3. Information Dissemination and System Monitoring; S3.1 Posters with Reminders/Safety Tips; Stating behavior expectations, encouraging people to report concerns; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $; Easy; Common; and Moderate. The entries of the seventh row from left to right are S3. Information Dissemination and System Monitoring; S3.2 Digital Displays/Monitors with Messages or Public Service Announcements; Digital displays with targeted campaign messages; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $$; Easy-moderate; Common; and Moderate. The entries of eighth row from left to right are S3. Information Dissemination and System Monitoring; S3.3 Surveillance Cameras; Live feed video, recorded video for post incident investigation; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $$; Moderate; Common; and High.

The entries of the ninth row from left to right are S4. Technology; S4.1 Communications and Emergency Response Solutions; See/Say App, a smartphone application; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $$-$$$; Moderate-difficult; Common; and High. The entries of the tenth row from left to right are S4. Technology; S4.2 Advanced Surveillance Systems; Predictive analytics and AI monitoring, real time incident response; Rail station, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $$-$$$; Moderate-difficult; Not common; and High. The entries of the eleventh row from left to right are S4. Technology; S4.3 Advanced Access Control Systems; Predictive maintenance for gates and doors, real-time alert, safe zones for victims, panic areas for transit workers; Rail station, transit center; $$-$$$; Moderate-difficult; Not common; and High. The entries of the twelfth row from left to right are S4. Technology; S4.4 Advanced Weapon Screening Systems; Sensors to detect weapons to other threats; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $$-$$$; Moderate-difficult; Not common; and Moderate. The entries of the thirteenth row from left to right are S5. Partnerships; S5.1 Security or Law Enforcement Agencies; Deploying officers to high-risk ares, conducting joint patrols, integrating surveillance systems; Not applicable; $-$$$; Moderate; Common; and High. The entries of the fourteenth row from left to right are S5. Partnerships; S5.2 Social Service Agencies or Groups; Municipal or county social service agencies, mental health service centers, services for unsheltered/people experiencing homelessness, nonprofit agencies on violence prevention, homeless advocacy groups, victim service center; Not applicable; $-$$; Easy-moderate; Common; and Moderate. The entries of the fifteenth row from left to right are S5. Partnerships; S5.3 Other Agencies or Entities; Local transportation agencies; Not applicable; $; Easy-moderate; Not common; and Moderate.

The entries of the sixteenth row from left to right are S6. Public Safety Personnel; S6.1 Sworn Police Officers; Transit police officers, off-duty police officers; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $$-$$$; Easy-difficult; Common; and High. The entries of the seventeenth row from left to right are S6. Public Safety Personnel; S6.2 Nonsworn officers; Security personnel; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $$-$$$; Easy-moderate; Common; and High. The entries of the eighteenth row from left to right are S6. Public Safety Personnel; S6.3 Fare Inspectors; Personnel who enforce fare policies that are not operators; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $$-$$$; Easy-moderate; Common; and High. The entries of the nineteenth row from left to right are S6. Security Presence; S6.4 Other Public Safety Personnel and Supportive Equipment Options; Transit ambassadors, mobile surveillance boxes; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $$-$$$; Easy-moderate; Not common; and High. The entries of the twentieth row from left to right are S7. Policy; S7.1 Rider Codes of Conduct; Prohibition of actions and behaviors; Rail station, bus stops, transit center, on vehicle (bus and rail); $; Easy; Common; and Moderate. The entries of the twenty-first row from left to right are S7. Policy; S7.2 Employee Training; Situational awareness training, de-escalation training; Not applicable; $$; Moderate; Not common; and High. The entries of the twenty-second row from left to right are S7. Policy; S7.3 Transit Ban Policies; Addressing repeat offenders, temporary suspensions; Not applicable; $$-$$$; Moderate; Not common; and High. The entries of the twenty-third row from left to right are S7. Policy; S7.4 Stop-on-Demand Services; Nighttime safety enhancements, stops for youth and students, weather-responsive service, stops for older or disabled riders; On vehicle (on bus); $: Easy; Common; and Moderate.
Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: | |
A4A | Airlines for America |
AAAE | American Association of Airport Executives |
AASHO | American Association of State Highway Officials |
AASHTO | American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |
ACI–NA | Airports Council International–North America |
ACRP | Airport Cooperative Research Program |
ADA | Americans with Disabilities Act |
APTA | American Public Transportation Association |
ASCE | American Society of Civil Engineers |
ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
ASTM | American Society for Testing and Materials |
ATA | American Trucking Associations |
CTAA | Community Transportation Association of America |
CTBSSP | Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program |
DHS | Department of Homeland Security |
DOE | Department of Energy |
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
FAA | Federal Aviation Administration |
FAST | Fixing Americaʼs Surface Transportation Act (2015) |
FHWA | Federal Highway Administration |
FMCSA | Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration |
FRA | Federal Railroad Administration |
FTA | Federal Transit Administration |
GHSA | Governors Highway Safety Association |
HMCRP | Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program |
IEEE | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
ISTEA | Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 |
ITE | Institute of Transportation Engineers |
MAP-21 | Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) |
NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
NASAO | National Association of State Aviation Officials |
NCFRP | National Cooperative Freight Research Program |
NCHRP | National Cooperative Highway Research Program |
NHTSA | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
NTSB | National Transportation Safety Board |
PHMSA | Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration |
RITA | Research and Innovative Technology Administration |
SAE | Society of Automotive Engineers |
SAFETEA-LU | Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) |
TCRP | Transit Cooperative Research Program |
TEA-21 | Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) |
TRB | Transportation Research Board |
TSA | Transportation Security Administration |
U.S. DOT | United States Department of Transportation |

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