Appendix C

Search Strategy for Evidence Reviews

This appendix describes the literature search methods used for the evidence reviews discussed in Chapters 4 and 5. It details the databases searched, search dates, search strings, and any limits applied (e.g., language, study design, or publication year). For each review question, the full search strategy as implemented in each database is presented.

#1 Does screening for urgent cardiovascular warning signs (or Urgent Maternal Warning Signs [UMWS]), including counseling patients to self-screen for such signs, reduce maternal severe morbidity or mortality?

PubMed

Conducted: August 1, 2025

• Provider: National Library of Medicine
• Date(s) Searched: August 1, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2015
• Search Terms:

Medline

Conducted: August 1, 2025

• Provider: Ovid
• Date(s) Searched: August 1, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2015
• Search Terms:

Embase

Conducted: August 1, 2025

• Provider: Ovid
• Date(s) Searched: August 1, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2015
• Search Terms:

Scopus

Conducted: August 1, 2025

• Provider: Elsevier
• Date(s) Searched: August 1, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2015
• Search Terms:

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#2 Does enhanced postpartum hypertension management for patients with chronic hypertension or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy improve outcomes?

Medline

Conducted: July 16, 2025

• Provider: Ovid
• Date(s) Searched: July 16, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2010
• Search Terms:

TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( ( ( ( App OR apps OR “Cell phone*” OR Cellphone* OR “Computer interface” OR “Digital health” OR “Distance counseling” OR “E health” OR Econsultation OR “e-counseling” OR Ehealth OR email* OR “e mail*” OR “electronic mail” OR Internet OR “M health” OR Mhealth OR mobil e OR Online OR phone* OR «Remote Consultation*» OR «Remote counseling» OR «Remote medicine» OR «Remote patient monitoring» OR «Remote monitoring» OR «Smart device*» OR «Smart phone*» OR Smartphone* OR «smart watch*» OR smartwatch* OR «Tele care» OR «Tele counseling» OR «Tele medicine» OR «Tele referral» O R Telecare OR Teleconsultation* OR Telecounseling OR Telehealth OR Telemedicine OR Telemetry OR Telemonitor* OR Telenursing OR Tele phone* OR Telereferral* OR “Text messag*” OR “User-computer interface*” OR Wearable OR “World wide web” OR Telemonitor* OR “self monitor*” OR “home monitor” OR “home monitoring” OR “home blood pressure” OR “home bp monitoring” OR remote OR virtual OR “ambulatory care” OR aftercare OR “after care” OR pathway* OR “patient education” OR “care center*” OR “program development” OR “drug therapy” OR “antihypertensive therapy” OR “health care delivery” OR “follow up” OR transition* OR visit* OR Counseling OR enhanced OR “care coordination” OR “pharmacologic optimization” OR dashboard* OR ( care W/3 manag* ) OR collaborat* OR intervention* OR texts OR “text based” OR “tailored care” OR “care plan” OR “case management” OR “patient care planning” OR “life style” OR lifestyle OR “follow up” OR initiative* OR program* OR “medication therapy” OR “medication therapy management” OR digital OR electronic OR pathway* OR implement* OR success* OR improv* OR “out of office” ) W/5 ( Antihypertensive OR “blood pressure control” OR “high blood pressure” OR ( home W/3 “blood pressure” ) OR ( “blood pressure” W/3 monitor* ) OR ( remote W/3 “blood pressure” ) OR hypertensive OR hypertension OR preeclampsia OR “pre eclampsia” OR hellp ) AND ( postpartum OR postnatal OR puerperium OR “after childbirth” ) AND NOT ( animals OR rat OR rats OR mice OR swine ) ) ) ) ) AND PUBYEAR > 2009 AND PUBYEAR < 2026 AND ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE , “English” ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( SRCTYPE , “j” ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “ar” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “re” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “tb” ) )

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#3 Do supportive services, e.g. doulas, peer navigation, or community health workers, improve CVD-related outcomes?

PubMed

Conducted: August 13, 2025

• Provider: National Library of Medicine
• Date(s) Searched: August 13, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2010
• Search Terms:

Medline

Conducted: August 13, 2025

• Provider: Ovid
• Date(s) Searched: August 13, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2010
• Search Terms:

Embase

Conducted: August 13, 2025

• Provider: Ovid
• Date(s) Searched: August 13, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2010
• Search Terms:

Scopus

Conducted: August 13, 2025

• Provider: Elsevier
• Date(s) Searched: August 13, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2010
• Search Terms:

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#4 Does blood pressure management to a target of <140/90 during pregnancy improve maternal outcomes relative to a higher target?

Medline

Conducted: July 17, 2025

• Provider: Ovid
• Date(s) Searched: July 17, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2010
• Search Terms:

Scopus

Conducted: July 17, 2025

• Provider: Elsevier
• Date(s) Searched: July 17, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2010
• Results: 221
• Search Terms:

TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( ( ( ( pregnan* OR prepregnancy OR «pre pregnancy» OR «ante natal» OR antenatal OR «ante partum» OR antepartum OR «pre natal” OR prenatal OR “maternal health services” OR parturition OR prenatal OR “gestational hypertension” OR “hypertensive disorders of pregnancy” OR preeclamspia OR «pre eclampsia” OR eclampsia OR “hypertension pregnancy induced” OR “pregnancy induced hypertension” OR “hellp syndrome” OR “maternal hypertension” ) AND ( “140/90” ) AND NOT ( rat OR rats OR mice OR swine ) ) ) ) ) AND PUBYEAR > 2009 AND PUBYEAR < 2026 AND ( LIMIT-TO ( SRCTYPE , “j” ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “ar” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “re” ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE , “English” ) )

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#5 For women of reproductive age at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, does screening and intervention focused on Life’s Essential 8 and/or other cardiometabolic risk screening/instruments reduce risk of intermediate- and long-term cardiovascular events and/or adverse pregnancy outcomes in future pregnancies?

PubMed

Conducted: August 28, 2025

• Provider: National Library of Medicine
• Date(s) Searched: August 28, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2010
• Search Terms:

MEDLINE

Conducted: August 15, 2025

• Provider: Ovid
• Date(s) Searched: August 28, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2010
• Search Terms:

Scopus

Conducted: July 16, 2025

• Provider: Elsevier
• Date(s) Searched: July 16, 2025
• Date range searched: All
• Results: 1237
• Search Terms:

TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( ( ( ( App OR apps OR “Cell phone*” OR Cellphone* OR “Computer interface” OR “Digital health” OR “Distance counseling” OR “E health” OR Econsultation OR “e-counseling” OR Ehealth OR email* OR “e mail*” OR “electronic mail” OR Internet OR “M health” OR Mhealth OR mobil e OR Online OR phone* OR «Remote Consultation*» OR «Remote counseling» OR «Remote medicine» OR «Remote patient monitoring» OR «Remote monitoring» OR «Smart device*» OR «Smart

phone*» OR Smartphone* OR «smart watch*» OR smartwatch* OR «Tele care» OR «Tele counseling» OR «Tele medicine» OR «Tele referral» O R Telecare OR Teleconsultation* OR Telecounseling OR Telehealth OR Telemedicine OR Telemetry OR Telemonitor* OR Telenursing OR Tele phone* OR Telereferral* OR “Text messag*” OR “User-computer interface*” OR Wearable OR “World wide web” OR Telemonitor* OR “self monitor*” OR “home monitor” OR “home monitoring” OR “home blood pressure” OR “home bp monitoring” OR “remote blood pressure” OR “virtual clinic” OR ( virtual W/3 clinic ) OR “virtual hypertension clinic” OR ( virtual W/5 visit* ) ) W/15 ( cardio* OR hypertension* OR hypertensive OR “heart disease*” OR hypercholest* OR “myocardial infarction*” OR cardiac OR “heart valve disease*” OR thromboembolism* OR aortic OR cerebrovascular OR “diabetes mellitus” OR “metabolic syndrome” OR “heart failure” OR takotsubo OR tachycardia OR coronary OR vascular OR “hemorrhagic stroke*” OR “lung disease*” OR “pulmonary disease*” OR “pre eclampsia” OR preeclampsia OR eclampsia OR “heart attack*” OR “heart defect*” OR aortic OR marfan OR «glucose intolerance» OR «insulin resistance» OR «impaired glucose tolerance» OR «prediabetic state» OR «kidney disease*» OR «renal insufficiency» OR «acute kidney injury» OR «lipid metabolism disorder*» OR «congenital heart» OR «heart disease congenital» OR pericardium OR aortopathy OR diabetes OR «kidney failure» OR «lipid disorder*» OR dys lipidemia OR hyperlipidemia OR arteriosclerosis OR «multiinfarct dementia» OR «binswanger encephalopathy” OR “intercerebral hemorrhage” OR “lung disease” OR “antihypertensive treatment” OR “blood pressure control” OR “antihypertensive titration” OR “home blood pressure” OR “home bp monitoring” OR “remote blood pressure” ) AND ( parturition OR maternal OR pregnan* OR maternal OR perinatal OR postnatal OR postpartum OR “cesarean section*” OR caesarean OR birth OR obstetric OR prenatal OR preconception OR Puerperium OR “pre conceive” OR preconception OR “post natal” OR “post partum” OR “pre conception” OR perinatology OR birth OR antepartum OR “ante partum” ) AND NOT ( animals OR rat OR rats OR mice OR swine ) ) ) ) ) AND PUBYEAR > 2009 AND PUBYEAR < 2026 AND ( LIMIT-TO ( SRCTYPE , “j” ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “ar” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “re” ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE , “English” ) )

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Scopus

Conducted: October 20, 2025

• Provider: Elsevier
• Date(s) Searched: October 20, 2025
• Date range searched: All
• Results: 172
• Search Terms:

TITLE-ABS-KEY (((( “Cardio obstetric*” OR “Cardiac obstetric*” OR “cardiology obstetric*” OR “Heart obstetrics” OR “Integrated heart obstetric*” OR ((“Integrated cardi*” W/2 (pregnan* OR maternal)) OR “Maternal cardiology” OR “Obstetrician cardiologist” OR “Maternal cardiac disease management” OR “Pregnancy heart team*” OR “maternal heart team”) AND (“care model*” OR coordinat* OR “care team*” OR Collaborat* OR Team* OR Integrated OR Interdisciplinary OR Multidisciplinary OR “Multi disciplinary” OR transdisciplinary OR “trans disciplinary” OR bundle*)) AND NOT (“case report*”)

))) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “ar” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “re” ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE , “English” ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( SRCTYPE , “j” ) )

#8 Do interventions to improve the transition from hospital to outpatient care, or interventions to ensure effective transitions of care to a primary care provider, or actual care by a primary care provider within 12 months postpartum (to improve the transition from outpatient postpartum care to longitudinal preventive care for patients with cardiovascular disease risk factors) reduce cardiovascular morbidity and morbidity and/or adverse pregnancy outcomes in subsequent pregnancies?

Scopus

Conducted: August 14, 2025

• Provider: Elsevier
• Date(s) Searched: August 14, 2025
• Date range searched: From January 1, 2010
• Results: 503
• Search Terms:

( ( ( TITLE ( ( ( ( ( postpartum OR postnatal OR puerperium OR «after delivery» OR «after birth» OR «fourth trimester» OR postdelivery OR «p ost delivery” ) AND ( intervention* ) AND

( «antihypertensive treatment» OR «blood pressure control» OR «Cardiac arrest» OR «cardiovascular accident*» OR «congenital heart» OR «diabetes mellitus» OR «glucose intolerance» OR «heart attack*» OR «heart defect*» OR «heart disease congenital» OR «heart disease*» OR «heart failure» OR «heart valve disease*» OR «hemorrhagic stroke*» OR «impaired glucose tolerance» OR «insulin resistance» OR «intracerebral hemorrhage» OR «lipid disorder*» OR «lipid metabolism disorder*» OR «metabolic syndrome» OR «myocardial infarction*» OR «pre eclampsia” OR preeclampsia OR “prediabetic state” OR Aortic OR aortopathy OR arteriosclerosis OR cardiac OR cardio* OR Cardiovascular OR Cardiomyopathy OR Cardiometabolic OR cerebrovascular OR coronary OR “Coronary artery dissection” OR diabetes OR dyslipidemia OR eclampsia OR hypercholest* OR hyperlipidemia OR hypertension OR hypertensive OR Infarction* OR Prediabetes OR Preeclampsia OR “pre eclampsia” OR Stroke* OR tachycardia OR thromboembolism* OR vascular ) AND NOT

( mice OR swine OR animal OR animals OR chickens OR sheep ) ) ) ) ) AND PUBYEAR > 2009 AND PUBYEAR < 2026 ) AND NOT ( KEY ( “case reports” OR “single case studies” ) ) )

OR ( TITLE-ABS-KEY

( ( ( “antihypertensive treatment” OR “blood pressure control” OR “Cardiac arrest” OR “cardiovascular accident*” OR “congenital heart” OR “diabetes mellitus” OR “glucose intolerance” OR “heart attack*” OR “heart defect*” OR “heart disease congenital” OR “heart disease*” OR “heart failure” OR “heart valve disease*” OR “hemorrhagic stroke*” OR “impaired glucose tolerance” OR “insulin resistance” OR “intracerebral hemorrhage” OR “lipid disorder*” OR “lipid metabolism disorder*” OR “metabolic syndrome” OR “myocardial infarction*” OR “pre eclampsia” OR preeclampsia OR “prediabetic state” OR Aortic OR aortopathyORarteriosclerosisORcardiacORcardio*ORCardiovascularORCardiomyopathy OR Cardiometabolic OR cerebrovascular OR coronary OR “Coronary arterydissection”ORdiabetesORdyslipidemiaOReclampsiaORhypercholest*OR hyperlipidemia OR hypertension OR hypertensive OR Infarction* OR Prediabetes OR Preeclampsia OR “pre eclampsia” OR Stroke* OR tachycardia OR thromboembolism* OR vascular )

W/5 ( “postpartum care” OR “postnatal care” ) AND ( postpartum OR postnatal OR puerperium OR “after delivery” OR “after birth” OR “fourth trimester” OR postdelivery OR “post delivery” ) ) ) AND PUBYEAR > 2009 AND PUBYEAR < 2026 ) OR ( ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( ( ( ( postpartum OR postnatal OR puerperium OR “after delivery” OR “after birth” OR “fourth trimester” OR postdelivery OR “post delivery” ) W/9

( «After care» OR Aftercare OR «Care coordination» OR ( care W/3 t ransition* ) OR «Continuity of care» OR «Continuum of care» OR «Follow up» OR «Hand off» OR Handoff OR «Patient handover» OR «Patient hand over» OR «Hospital to home» OR «Patient transfer» OR «Warm handoff» ) AND ( «antihypertensive treatment» OR «blood pressure control» OR «Cardiac arrest» OR «cardiovascular accident*» OR «congenital heart» OR «diabetes mellitus» OR «glucose intolerance» OR «heart attack*» OR «heart defect*» OR «heart disease congenital» OR «heart disease*» OR «heart failure» OR «heart valve disease*» OR «hemorrhagic stroke*” OR “impaired glucose tolerance” OR “insulin resistance” OR “intracerebral hemorrhage” OR “lipid disorder*” OR “lipid metabolism disorder*” OR “metabolic syndrome” OR “myocardial infarction*” OR “pre eclampsia” OR preeclampsia OR “prediabetic state” OR Aortic OR aortopathy OR arteriosclerosis OR cardiac OR cardio* OR Cardiovascular OR Cardiomyopathy OR Cardiometabolic OR cerebrovascular OR coronary OR “Coronary artery dissection” OR diabetes OR dyslipidemia OR eclampsia OR hypercholest* OR hyperlipidemia OR hypertension OR hypertensive OR Infarction* OR Prediabetes OR Preeclampsia OR “pre eclampsia” OR Stroke* OR tachycardia OR thromboembolism* OR vascular )

TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( “California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative” OR “CMQCC” OR “California Cardiovascular Screening Tool” ) AND ( “antihypertensive treatment” OR “blood pressure control” OR “Cardiac arrest” OR “cardiovascular accident*” OR “congenital heart” OR “diabetes mellitus” OR “glucose intolerance” OR “heart attack*” OR “heart defect*” OR “heart disease congenital” OR “heart disease*” OR “heart failure” OR “heart valve disease*” OR “hemorrhagic stroke*” OR “impaired glucose tolerance” OR “insulin resistance” OR “intracerebral hemorrhage” OR “lipid disorder*” OR “lipid metabolism disorder*” OR “metabolic syndrome” OR “myocardial infarction*” OR “pre eclampsia” OR preeclampsia OR “prediabetic state” OR Aortic OR aortopathy OR arteriosclerosis OR cardiac OR cardio* OR Cardiovascular OR Cardiomyopathy OR Cardiometabolic OR cerebrovascular OR coronary OR “Coronary artery dissection” OR diabetes OR dyslipidemia OR eclampsia OR hypercholest* OR hyperlipidemia OR hypertension OR hypertensive OR Infarction* OR Prediabetes OR Preeclampsia OR “pre eclampsia” OR Stroke* OR tachycardia OR thromboembolism* OR vascular ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( SRCTYPE , “j” ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “ar” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “re” ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE , “English” ) )