Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans: Controlling Garbage and Plastic Wastes at Sea (1995)
Chapter: Intelligence
safety, by the Coast Guard. Offshore oil and gas platforms in federal waters are inspected for pollution compliance as part of Minerals Management Service (MMS) regulation of the industry. The recreational boating community is subject to little direct federal control, because relevant authorities have been delegated in large part to the states.
In sum, government capacity for intelligence gathering and control is uneven and limited, but creative strategies may be devised to capitalize on any opportunities that exist. Identification and analysis of the opportunities could serve to stimulate their use. For example, forms are available from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for reporting inadequate port reception facilities, but mariners rarely fill them out. This is a potential source of intelligence that has not been exploited. An examination of why this mechanism is ignored, and how this situation might be reversed, could suggest ways of improving Annex V compliance.
In the forthcoming analysis, a matrix is presented for each fleet containing a range of intervention options. (As in Chapter 3, the columns are the headings from the modified Kasperson and Pijawka model and the rows are the five types of intervention options.) Some of the measures suggested have been tried—albeit usually in isolated locations—while others were conceived by the committee. There has been some pre-screening, to the extent that all the options listed are plausible and worthy of serious consideration; however, practical considerations may argue against or eliminate some of the ideas.2 The committee's views concerning the various intervention options will become evident in the commentary on each matrix and in later chapters. The final screening criteria and recommendations may be found in Chapter 9.
ANALYSIS OF INTERVENTIONS
Recreational Boats and Their Marinas
Intelligence
There is no formal intelligence-gathering network for recreational boaters, but the community is monitored by private groups and some research has been conducted. Available information suggests that recreational boaters are very concerned about the marine environment and many want to comply with Annex V, but that awareness of the mandate is far from universal and educational informa-
